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31. Interactions Between Alumina Inclusions at the Liquid Iron/Argon Gas Interface: Role of Contact Line Undulation.

Author

Ibraheem, Ahmed, Qiu, Zilong, Blanpain, Bart, and Guo, Muxing

Subjects
DRAG force, LIQUID iron, FLUID inclusions, RESISTIVE force, ALUMINUM oxide
Abstract

A deep understanding of the behavior of nonmetallic inclusions is essential for steel cleanliness control. The behavior of alumina inclusions at the liquid iron/argon gas interface is investigated using a high‐temperature confocal scanning laser microscope. The obtained images are used to determine the moving velocity of the inclusions on the interface. The obtained experimental data are quantitatively evaluated using the lateral capillary interaction model for multipole orders established by Danov–Kralchevsky while taking into account the resistive drag force. The attraction forces calculated from these data are in the range between ≈10−13 and ≈10−11 N. The best‐fitting model is assigned for each case. The multipole models almost counterbalance the drag force, indicating a good interpretation of the interaction between the inclusions. Moreover, the acting length of this interaction is examined and compared to the previous work on Ce2O3 inclusions. It is found that alumina inclusions generally exhibit a larger acting length at a large critical radius and a smaller acting length at a small critical radius when comparing them to their counterpart cerium oxide inclusions. Considering the particle shapes, high shape irregularity is better interpreted by higher orders of the multipoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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41. Process flowsheet development for selective arsenic removal, lead and antimony recovery from lead softening slag.

Author

Ling, Hongbin, Perin, Matteo, Blanpain, Bart, Guo, Muxing, and Malfliet, Annelies

Subjects
LEAD, ARSENIC removal (Water purification), ANTIMONY, ARSENIC, ROASTING (Metallurgy), SLAG, FEEDSTOCK, LEACHING
Abstract

A pyro-hydrometallurgical process is proposed in this study for the selective arsenic removal and the Pb and Sb recovery from lead softening slag, which incorporates NaOH roasting followed by water leaching, carbothermic reduction, and HNO3 leaching as process steps. Lead softening slag, containing 63.9 wt% Pb, 17.7 wt% Sb, and 4.4 wt% As, is first roasted with NaOH at 400°C, followed by water leaching at room temperature. The effect of the roasting temperature and NaOH dosage is investigated with regard to the removal yield of As, Pb, and Sb. The arsenic-free slag is reduced with carbon for Pb recovery as the antimonial lead. The reduction temperature and carbon dosage are optimized by applying FactSage modeling and performing experimental tests for selective Pb recovery. The residual slag is leached with HNO3 solution for the further removal of Pb and enrichment of Sb. The chemical and phase composition of the final leaching residue is determined to assess the possibility of using it as a feedstock for antimony trioxide production. The proposed process flowsheet enables the recovery of Pb and Sb as antimonial lead and antimony trioxide, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. A review of the technologies for antimony recovery from refractory ores and metallurgical residues.

Author

Ling, Hongbin, Malfliet, Annelies, Blanpain, Bart, and Guo, Muxing

Subjects
FIRE resistant plastics, ANTIMONY, ORES, PLASTIC scrap, REFRACTORY materials, RAW materials
Abstract

The global reserve of antimony is gradually declining while its demand continuously grows, rendering antimony an increasingly scarce metal. Antimony has been highlighted as a critical raw material in the EU owing to its economic significance and high supply risk. Due to the dispersed uses and low antimony concentration of the main antimony end-use, i.e. flame retardant in plastics, little antimony has been recovered from waste plastics to date. Many countries will have to rely on recovering antimony from refractory ores and metallurgical residues. For the purpose of efficient and selective antimony recovery with minimal economic cost and environmental impact, researchers proposed various innovative pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical, and electrochemical processes. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art technologies for the antimony separation and recovery from refractory ores and metallurgical residues. The advantages and limitations of these technologies are discussed with respect to antimony recovery efficiency and the impurity level of the products. Furthermore, future perspectives regarding technological trends and industrial applications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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