32 results on '"Gvion, Y."'
Search Results
2. Beyond the mental pain: A case-control study on the contribution of schizoid personality disorder symptoms to medically serious suicide attempts
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Levi-Belz, Y., Gvion, Y., Levi, U., and Apter, A.
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- 2019
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3. Implicit or explicit self-associations with life and death? Predicting short-term self-injurious thoughts and behaviors among adolescents.
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Toukhy, N., Gvion, Y., Barzilay, S., Apter, A., Haruvi-Catalan, L., Lavidor, M., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Fennig, S., and Hamdan, S.
- Abstract
AbstractImplicit self-association with death, measured by the Death/Suicide-Implicit Association Test (D/S-IAT), predicts short-term Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors (SITBs) among adolescents. However, comparing the predictive utility of the D/S-IAT with explicit (i.e. self-report) self-association with life and death was not examined previously. The current study sought to examine whether the D/S-IAT and explicit self-association with life and death predict current and prospective SITBs, and to examine the association between the two measures. One-hundred and thirty-one Jewish Israeli adolescents with SITBs, aged 10-18 years (74.8% female) were assessed at clinic intake. Participants completed D/S-IAT, depression, attitudes toward life and death and suicide risk assessment at intake and one-month follow-up. Implicit, rather than explicit, attitudes toward life and death predicted SITBs at one-month follow-up, beyond depression and past SITBs. The implicit and explicit measures were not significantly related at intake, indicating that they might capture different aspects of SITBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Implicit identification with death detects and predicts short‐term suicide risk among adolescents discharged from the emergency room.
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Toukhy, N., Barzilay, S., Hamdan, S., Grisaru‐Hergas, D., Haruvi‐Catalan, L., Levis Frenk, M., Apter, A., Benaroya‐Milshtein, N., Fennig, S., and Gvion, Y.
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SUICIDE risk assessment ,HOSPITAL emergency services ,TEENAGERS ,SUICIDE risk factors ,SUICIDAL behavior in youth - Abstract
Background: Implicit identification with death, measured by the Death–Suicide‐Implicit Association Test (D/S‐IAT), has been found to predict long‐term suicide risk among adolescents. However, previous studies did not examine the predictive utility of D/S‐IAT on short‐term suicide risk trajectories among adolescents, especially during the critical period following discharge from the emergency room (ER) due to suicide behaviors. Objective: This study examined the ability of the D/S‐IAT to discriminate and predict suicide risk trajectories during the month following initial suicide risk assessment, among adolescents recently discharged from the ER. Methods: One hundred and fifteen adolescents aged 9–18 years (77.4% female) were assessed at clinic intake. All participants completed D/S‐IAT and self‐report measures for suicide risk, depression, and anxiety during intake and 1‐month follow‐up. Results: The D/S‐IAT distinguished and predicted participants with continued heightened suicide risk at follow‐up, above and beyond depression, anxiety, and suicide risk level at intake. Conclusions: Along with conventional measures, D/S‐IAT may be utilized to predict short‐term suicide risk during post‐ER discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. When the Pain Becomes Unbearable: Case-Control Study of Mental Pain Characteristics Among Medically Serious Suicide Attempters.
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Levi-Belz, Y., Gvion, Y., Grisaru, S., and Apter, A.
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SUICIDAL behavior , *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress , *MENTAL health , *SUICIDAL ideation , *SELF-destructive behavior , *EMOTIONS - Abstract
The unbearable mental pain experience is recognized as a key antecedent of suicidal behavior. We aimed to examine the precise nature of the mental pain among medically serious suicide attempters (MSSAs), a population closely resembling those who died by suicide. We evaluated various factors of mental pain from the Orbach and Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale, as well as medical lethality and suicide intent. MSSAs were higher than non-MSSAs and psychiatric controls for Irreversibility of pain. Moreover, Emptiness predicted medical lethality, while Cognitive Confusion negatively predicted suicide intent level, controlling for hopelessness and depression. high sense of Irreversibility of pain as well as high Emptiness and low Cognitive Confusion are important risk factors for more severe suicidal behavior. Implications for identification of at-risk groups for suicide as well as for suicide prevention and treatment of suicidal individuals are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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6. Childhood Maltreatment, Pathological Personality Dimensions, and Suicide Risk in Young Adults
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Giorgio Falgares, Daniela Marchetti, Giovanna Manna, Pasquale Musso, Osmano Oasi, Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley, Sandro De Santis, Maria C. Verrocchio, Levi-Belz, Y, Gvion, Y, Apter, A, Giorgio Falgare, Daniela Marchetti, Giovanna Manna, Pasquale Musso, Osmano Oasi, Daniel C. Kopala-Sibley, Sandro De Santi, and Maria C. Verrocchio
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Settore M-PSI/07 - Psicologia Dinamica ,child maltreatment, personality traits, suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, mediation effect - Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that child maltreatment (psychological, physical, and sexual abuse, and neglect) may be a significant factor in the development of pathological personality traits that increase the risk for suicidal ideation and behavior from adolescence to adulthood. Currently, the challenge is to understand how different forms of early negative experiences render an individual prone to develop specific personality traits and, in turn, be more vulnerable to suicide risk. To understand the relationship between childhood maltreatment and personality dimensions in suicide risk, our study aims to explore the role of self-criticism and dependency, two different pathological personality traits, as potential mediators of the link between different types of childhood maltreatment and suicide risk in young adults. For this purpose, 306 students from three Italian public universities were recruited. We used the Italian version of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q) to assess experiences of lack of care by parents (i.e., antipathy and neglect) as well as psychological and physical abuse before the age of 17 years. The Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ) was used to assess the personality dimensions of self-criticism and dependency, and the Suicide History Self-Rating Screening Scale was administered to assess suicide risk. Results revealed that lack of care and psychological abuse were significantly associated with suicide risk and this association was partially mediated by the maladaptive personality dimension of self-criticism. These findings suggest that the combined effect of specific forms of dysfunctional parental behavior during childhood and the development of rigid and dysfunctional negative personality traits may increase the risk for suicidal ideation and behavior during adulthood.
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- 2019
7. Risk and protective factors for substance use and media addictive behaviors in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Shoshani A, Kor A, Farbstein-Yavin S, and Gvion Y
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- Humans, Adolescent, Male, Female, Israel epidemiology, Risk Factors, Longitudinal Studies, Child, Adolescent Behavior psychology, Internet Addiction Disorder epidemiology, Internet Addiction Disorder psychology, SARS-CoV-2, Surveys and Questionnaires, Screen Time, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 psychology, COVID-19 prevention & control, Substance-Related Disorders epidemiology, Substance-Related Disorders psychology, Behavior, Addictive psychology, Behavior, Addictive epidemiology, Protective Factors, Social Media statistics & numerical data
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Objective: This study examined the long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' substance use, digital media use, and symptoms of internet, gaming, and social media addiction., Method: A nationally representative longitudinal cohort of 1665 Israeli teens and preteens, aged 9-16, completed questionnaires assessing substance use prevalence, daily screen time, symptoms of media addiction, and potential risk and protective factors. Data were collected before the pandemic (October 2019), after the second wave lockdown (November 2020), and after the fifth wave (April 2022) in Israel., Results: The analysis documented significant increases in substance use, daily screen time, and social media addiction indices over time. Gratitude, life satisfaction, positive emotions, future orientation, grit, and secure attachment emerged as significant protective factors. Sensation-seeking, negative emotions, and mental health symptoms were identified as risk factors., Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of educational and public mental health services in addressing the pandemic's long-term impact on the mental health and addictive behaviors of adolescents. They also emphasize the significance of enhancing protective factors and reducing risk factors to effectively mitigate substance and digital media abuse among adolescents., (© 2024 Foundation for Professionals in Services to Adolescents.)
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- 2024
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8. Suicide Risk Among Medical Students Associated With Loneliness, Burnout, and Depressive Symptoms.
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Klugman M, Cohen Ben Simon O, Kleinhendler-Lustig D, Bourla S, Gvion Y, and Hamdan S
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Medical students face elevated risks of depression and suicide due to rigorous training demands. However, comparative research between medical and non-medical students is limited, hindering understanding of specific risks. This study compared 337 students (89 medical) on suicide risk, depression, perfectionism, burnout, loneliness, and internet addiction. Medical students showed significantly higher suicide risk, depression, perfectionism, burnout, and loneliness. Regression analysis identified medical student status, depressive symptoms, and loneliness as significant predictors of suicide risk. Mediation analysis revealed loneliness and depressive symptoms mediating the relationship between medical student status and suicide risk. Strategies to address mental health risks among medical students are crucial, including early screening and interventions. However, this study's limitations include self-report measures and a predominantly non-medical student sample. Further research is needed to explore causal relationships and interventions effectively., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2024
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9. Comparative Effectiveness of Ultra-Brief, IPT-A Based Crisis Intervention for Suicidal Children and Adolescents.
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Adini-Spigelman E, Gvion Y, Haruvi Catalan L, Barzilay S, Apter A, and Brunstein Klomek A
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Background: In recent years, suicidal thoughts and behaviors have become increasingly common among children and adolescents, leading to an elevation in the number of visits to emergency departments in pediatric hospitals. In Israel, the rising demand for mental health treatment due to suicidal distress is also salient, creating prolonged wait periods and low case acceptance rates. Addressing the urgent need for streamlined interventions, the present study outlines the design and results of a non-inferiority effectiveness trial of an ultra-brief suicide crisis intervention based on Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents (IPT-A-SCI)., Methods: 309 children and adolescents presenting to the Depression and Suicide Clinic at Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel with depressive and anxiety symptoms and/or suicidal ideation/behavior were assigned to either IPT-A-SCI, Treatment as Usual (TAU), or waitlist condition. Assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention/after five sessions/five weeks (as secondary assessments) in accordance with group assignment., Results: At secondary assessment, post IPT-A-SCI, suicide ideation, and behavior as well as depression and anxiety symptoms significantly decreased, with no group differences observed between IPT-A-SCI, TAU, and control groups., Conclusion: IPT-A-SCI is feasible and as effective as the standard treatment in reducing suicidal, depressive, and anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents.
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- 2024
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10. When a Patient Dies From Suicide: A Survey Among Mental Health Professionals in Israel.
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Cohen Ben Simon O, Brunstein Klomek A, Pomerance Y, Idelman L, Lavidor M, and Gvion Y
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Death of patients by suicide can have powerful impacts on mental health professionals (MHPs). The National Program for the Prevention of Suicidality and Suicide at Israel's Ministry of Health decided to invest in MHPs who have lost patients by suicide. Two hundred and two MHPs completed an online self-report survey regarding their emotional response, professional identity, and clinical practice, and the aid they felt would be supportive following a patient's suicide. Results indicated that 35% of MHP experienced at least one death of a patient by suicide. Respondents experienced difficult emotional reactions, and many felt responsible for the suicide. Nearly 50% reported that the patient's suicide affected their clinical practice. Most respondents reported the need for a support framework and information about the processes following a patient's suicide. It is important to increase awareness of the possibility of losing a patient by suicide and offer an appropriate supportive framework., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2023
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11. Implicit Identification with Death, Clinician Evaluation and Suicide Ideation among Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatients-The Mediating Role of Depression.
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Toukhy N, Gvion Y, Barzilay S, Apter A, Haruvi-Catalan L, Bursztein-Lipsicas C, Shilian M, Mijiritsky O, Benaroya-Milshtein N, Fennig S, and Hamdan S
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Implicit identification with death (i.e., subconsciously self-associating oneself with death), measured by the Death-Suicide Implicit Association Test (D/S-IAT), is associated with Suicide Ideation (SI). Our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this association is limited. The current study examined (1) the mediating role of depression between D/S-IAT and recent SI and (2) the association between SI, D/S-IAT, and clinician evaluation of SI among a clinical sample of adolescents. 148 adolescents aged 10-18 years (69.4% female) from two outpatient clinics were assessed at intake. Participants completed D/S-IAT and self-report measures for recent SI and depression during intake. Findings indicate that depression is a mediator between D/S-IAT and recent SI, controlling for gender, site differences, and past suicidal thoughts and behaviors. D/S-IAT and clinician evaluation were correlated with recent SI but not beyond depression. Our findings highlight the importance of examining the underlying psychological mechanisms regarding the association between D/S-IAT and suicide.
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- 2023
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12. Burnout, depression, and suicidal ideation among physicians before and during COVID-19 and the contribution of perfectionism to physicians' suicidal risk.
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Kleinhendler-Lustig D, Hamdan S, Mendlovic J, and Gvion Y
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Objectives: There is limited data regarding the prevalence of suicidal risk among physicians during COVID-19, and the risk factors relating to it. Dominant risk factors for suicide among physicians are depression and burnout. Maladaptive perfectionism may also serve as a profound risk factor for suicidality among physicians and may aggravate symptoms of distress under the challenges of COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate current suicidal risk, suicidal ideation, depression, and burnout before and during COVID-19 among physicians in Israel, and to identify the best sets of correlates between perfectionism and burnout, depression and suicidal ideation, during these time periods., Methods: A sample of 246 Israeli physicians (160 before COVID-19 and 86 during COVID-19) completed online surveys assessing lifetime suicidal risk, suicidal ideation during the last year and current suicidal ideation, depression, burnout symptoms and maladaptive perfectionism., Results: More than one-fifth of the sample (21.9%) reported high suicidal risk (Lifetime suicidal behaviors). More than one-fourth (27.2%) reported suicidal ideation during the last 12 months; and 13.4% reported suicidal ideation during the last 3 months. In addition, more than one-third (34.6%) exhibited moderate-severe levels of depressive symptoms and more than a half of the sample reported burnout symptoms. Maladaptive perfectionism was positively correlated with current suicidal ideation, burnout, and depression. Moderated serial mediation analysis demonstrated indirect effect of perfectionism on suicidal ideation by its impact on burnout and depression only during COVID-19. Before COVID-19, physicians were more likely to experience depressive symptoms., Conclusion: Physicians in Israel are at increased risk for depression and suicidal ideation, regardless of the COVID-19 pandemic. Maladaptive perfectionism was found to be a risk factor for burnout, depression, and suicidal ideation. During the first waves of the pandemic, physicians were less likely to experience depressive symptoms. However, among physicians who were characterized with high maladaptive perfectionism, depression served as a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation during the pandemic, which places these individuals at increased risk for suicidality. These results highlight the importance of implementing intervention programs among physicians to reduce suicidal risk and to better identify rigid perfectionism and depressive symptoms., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Kleinhendler-Lustig, Hamdan, Mendlovic and Gvion.)
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- 2023
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13. Suicidal ideation and behavior among perinatal women and their association with sleep disturbances, medical conditions, and known risk factors.
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Arditi-Arbel B, Hamdan S, Winterman M, and Gvion Y
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Objective: Suicide is considered one of the leading causes of maternal mortality, especially among women with postpartum depression. In the current systematic review, we conducted a qualitative data synthesis of recent studies exploring novel risk factors including sleep disturbances and medical conditions, alongside known and significant risk factors for perinatal suicidality., Evidence Acquisition: We conducted a systematic search of the literature according to PRISMA guidelines on PubMed, PsycNET, and Scopus databases. Search terms were "pregnancy" "OR" "postpartum" "OR" "peripartum" "OR" "perinatal" "OR" "postnatal" combined with the Boolean "AND" operator with "suicide" "OR" "suicidality" "OR" "suicidal ideation" "OR" "suicidal behavior.", Evidence Synthesis: The initial search yielded 1,458 records, of which 51 research reports that met inclusion criteria were analyzed. These 51 studies sampled a total of 45,942 participants. Clinically, sleep disturbance, psychopathology, and social support have been identified as dominant risk factors for suicidal behavior among pregnant and postpartum women, as well as medical conditions and aversive life events., Conclusion: Monitoring sleep disturbance, depression, and perceived social support is critical given that they are significant risk factors for suicide among perinatal women. Early identification of perinatal women who may be at risk of suicide, although not depressed, is crucial., Limitations: The use of tools designed to identify depression to identify suicidal risk, fail to identify women who are at risk but who do not suffer from depression. Other methodological limitations are the lack of longitudinal studies and the complexity of examining suicidal behavior in sample studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Arditi-Arbel, Hamdan, Winterman and Gvion.)
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- 2023
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14. The Serious Suicide Attempts Approach for Understanding Suicide: Review of the Psychological Evidence.
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Levi-Belz Y, Gvion Y, and Apter A
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- Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Aggression psychology, Risk Factors, Pain, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Suicidal Ideation
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The study of survivors of a serious suicide attempt (SSA)--an attempt that would have been fatal had it not been for the provision of rapid and effective emergency treatment--can help researchers understand the suicidal mind. Serious suicide attempters are epidemiologically very similar to those who died by suicide, and thus can serve as valid proxies for studying suicides. In this paper, our objective was to briefly review the main risk factors that may facilitate more dangerous suicide behavior with high levels of intent. Our review highlights several dimensions of risk factors for SSAs, including psychopathology, mental pain, communication difficulties, decision-making impulsivity, and aggression. Several studies have indicated that the interaction between some of these dimensions, especially between mental pain and interpersonal difficulties, may serve as major catalysts for SSAs. Suicidal risk assessment should incorporate a designated evaluation of these risk factors as part of suicide prevention models.
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- 2022
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15. The "Forgotten Grievers": The Impact of Pupil Suicide on Post-Trauma and Grief Symptoms in School Staff.
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Tiech Fire N, Gvion Y, Alkalay S, and Zalsman G
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- Female, Humans, Male, Schools, Social Behavior, Survivors, Grief, Suicide
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Background: The suicide of a pupil impacts survivors greatly, but most studies on the subject do not consider school staff, and do not differentiate between the various professional domains. Our aim was to investigate the existence of differences in symptoms of complicated grief as well as post-trauma symptoms after a pupil's suicide, among school staff in four domains: counsellors, psychologists, principals and home-room teachers., Method: Eighty-four staff members from schools that lost pupils to suicide within the past five years were assessed for symptoms of complicated grief and trauma. All reported their symptoms using self-report scales., Results: Principals and home-room teachers had significantly higher complicated grief and post-trauma symptoms. The main limitations of this study are that the data were collected via self-report questionnaires, which can introduce bias. Additionally, the sample is relatively small and comprises mainly women., Conclusions: School professionals in domains receiving less coping and crisis training, and those with supervisory responsibilities (principals and home-room teachers) show more symptoms of trauma and complicated grief after a pupil's suicide, and require special attention. More preparatory training would surely benefit them and assist them in coping with such crises.
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- 2022
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16. Emotion perception and theory of mind in adolescents with major depression.
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Dror C, Portnoy V, Dayan-Rosenblum S, Gvion Y, Bloch Y, Boyle D, and Maoz H
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- Adolescent, Case-Control Studies, Child, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnosis, Facial Recognition physiology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Patient Acuity, Depressive Disorder, Major psychology, Emotions physiology, Perception physiology, Theory of Mind physiology
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Background: The research of theory of mind (ToM) and emotion perception (EP) in adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) is scarce, and no study to date has investigated the association between EP and long-term outcomes of adolescents with MDD. The aim of the current study was to evaluate ToM and EP in adolescents with MDD, as compared to healthy controls (HCs). In addition, we aimed to assess the association between impairment in ToM and EP, depressive symptom severity, and long-term outcome in the MDD group., Methods: We compared the performance of 14 adolescents with MDD and 25 HC in the Facial Expression Recognition Task (FERT) and the Interpersonal Perception Task. We followed up with the MDD group 2 years later to assess the level of their depressive symptoms using the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R)., Results: No differences were found between adolescents with MDD and HC in the ToM and FERT tasks. Also, within the MDD group, there was no association between the severity of depressive symptoms and task performance. In the MDD group, there was a significant correlation between lower levels of accuracy in the FERT during the index depressive episode and lower CDRS-R scores on follow-up 2 years later (r2 = 0.35, p = 0.021)., Conclusions: EP impairments in adolescents with MDD might predict worse long-term outcome. Further research is needed to verify our findings and to assess for a possible neurobiological underpinning for the state and trait impairments in EP in adolescents with MDD.
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- 2021
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17. Siblings of Individuals With Eating Disorders: A Review of the Literature.
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Maon I, Horesh D, and Gvion Y
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Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychopathologies characterized by a persistent disturbance in eating or eating-related behavior. Studies have shown EDs' detrimental consequences not only for patients, but also for their families. Nevertheless, a specific group that has so far been neglected, in both the research and clinical fields, are siblings of individuals with EDs. In an effort to identify this population's needs, and to facilitate effective prevention and treatment, this paper aims to review the existing literature on the subject, and examine siblings' personal experience, ways of coping, and levels of psychopathology. PubMed and PsycNet databases were searched with no publication date restrictions, yielding 26 relevant papers. Studies were categorized according to common themes they addressed, and subsequently summarized by highlighting common features, as well as information unique to each study. Several themes emerged, including emotional well-being, psychopathology, social consequences, family dynamics, and coping strategies. Results show that EDs experienced by one individual have significant effects on one's siblings, such as a decrease in quality of life, social isolation, and elevated familial strain. In several studies siblings were found to have elevated levels of psychopathology and EDs related symptoms. Nevertheless, findings' nature and magnitude were highly varied. The review indicates the need for further studies that will examine possible intra- and interpersonal moderating factors for EDs' impact on well-being among siblings, and take into consideration the substantial heterogeneity in studies conducted thus far. Additionally, this review highlights the need for novel and effective interventions, specifically targeting this at-risk group., (Copyright © 2020 Maon, Horesh and Gvion.)
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- 2020
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18. "Will you treat me? I'm suicidal!" The effect of patient gender, suicidal severity, and therapist characteristics on the therapist's likelihood to treat a hypothetical suicidal patient.
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Almaliah-Rauscher S, Ettinger N, Levi-Belz Y, and Gvion Y
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- Adult, Clinical Competence, Countertransference, Depressive Disorder psychology, Depressive Disorder therapy, Emotional Adjustment, Female, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Male, Middle Aged, Professional Role psychology, Psychopathology, Risk Assessment, Sex Factors, Suicide psychology, Suicide Prevention, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Professional-Patient Relations, Psychotherapy, Referral and Consultation, Suicidal Ideation
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The purpose of our study was to broaden the understanding regarding mental health professionals' willingness to treat and likeliness to refer suicidal patients to other professionals. More specifically, our aim was to examine the effect of the patient's gender and suicidal severity, as well as the mental health professionals' personal and professional characteristics, on the willingness to treat and likeliness to refer. A total of 331 mental health professionals were randomly exposed to one of four case descriptions of a hypothetical patient in a crisis. The cases shared a common background story; however, they differed in terms of the patient's gender and suicidal condition (high vs. low). The exposure was followed by questionnaires aimed to reflect the subject's evaluation of the patient's suicidal severity, the subject's sense of competence and responsibility, willingness to treat or likeliness to refer, emotional contagion, and depression. The results indicate a lower willingness to treat and higher likelihood to refer suicidal patients compared with depressed patients. In addition, subjects exposed to the high suicidality cases showed a greater willingness to treat and refer female patients compared with male patients. A sense of competence was found as the strongest predictor of mental health professionals' willingness to treat and likelihood to refer, and emotional contagion was found as a predictor of likelihood to refer. It is important that mental health professionals be aware of the low tendency to treat suicidal patients especially if they are male. Further research should explore suitable training programmes and their application in the mental health curriculum., (© 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
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- 2020
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19. A multi factorial model of self-harm behaviors in Anorexia-nervosa and Bulimia-nervosa.
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Sagiv E and Gvion Y
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- Anorexia Nervosa psychology, Bulimia Nervosa psychology, Depression complications, Depression psychology, Humans, Risk Factors, Self-Injurious Behavior psychology, Anorexia Nervosa complications, Bulimia Nervosa complications, Impulsive Behavior physiology, Models, Psychological, Self-Injurious Behavior complications, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide, Attempted psychology
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Background: Co-existence of eating disorders and NSSI, suicide attempts and ideations is well established yet much is not known about the personality traits and behavioral tendencies that maintain this relationship. To this date no empirical work has been produced that offers a multifactorial view on the contributing variables to the occurrence of self-harm behaviors in EDs., Method: Binge eating, depression, impulsivity, ruminations and loss aversion were assessed in a sample of 93 patients diagnosed with Anorexia-Nervosa and Bulimia-Nervosa and other EDs with a history of NSSI and suicide attempts., Results: Binge eating was found to be a predictor of depression, which in turn was found to be related to NSSI frequency, suicide attempts and suicide ideations. Ruminations were found to mediate a relationship between depression and suicide ideations. Trait impulsivity predicted suicide attempts, while the attentional construct of impulsivity was associated to suicide ideations as well as attempts. Higher loss aversion was positively associated with NSSI frequency and suicide ideations., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that trait and state aspects of impulsivity are related to different self-harm behaviors in EDs. Exploring these differences is potentially of great value in understanding the process of transition from suicidal ideation to suicide attempt and the process of NSSI and may assist clinicians formulate better interventions for patients with EDs at risk. Ways in which individual findings in our model correspond with previous research and future implications are discussed., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2020
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20. The Fear of Losing-Nonsuicidal Self-Injury as a Protective Mechanism in Eating Disorders.
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Sagiv E, Hadlaczky G, Sheetrit N, Gur E, Horesh N, and Gvion Y
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Background: This study examined the moderating role of loss aversion (LA) on the relationship between impulsivity, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal attempts, and ideations among Eating Disorder (ED) patients. Methods: Data was collected on 81 ED patients and 37 healthy controls. ED patients were divided into 2 groups: 25 AN-Rs, 56 AN-BPs and BNs. Measurements of trait impulsivity, LA, NSSI, suicide attempts, and suicide ideations were collected. Results: The rate of attempting suicide was highest in the AN-BP/BN (34.8%), lower in the AN-Rs (8%), and the lowest in the controls (2.7%). Suicide ideation was also higher in AN-BP/BN compared to both AN-R and controls. NSSI was higher in the AN-BP/BN group compared to both AN-R and control groups. LA scores were lower among participants with EDs compared to controls. BMI and depression were positively associated with suicide ideation and NSSI. Impulsivity was associated to suicide attempt and suicide ideation. Contrary to our hypothesis, LA scores were positively correlated with NSSI and SI. A stepwise regression revealed that contradictory to our hypothesis, higher LA predicted NSSI prevalence severity of NSSI and suicide ideation. Limitations: (1) Cross-sectional design; (2) Relatively small sample size of clinical subjects and only female participants; (3) Heterogeneity of treatment status. Conclusions: EDs are associated with lower levels of LA compared to general population. Although high LA is considered a protective factor against "high damage" decisions, it may serve as a facilitator of lower risk decisions which help the individual soothe and communicate his or her own suffering such as NSSI., (Copyright © 2019 Sagiv, Hadlaczky, Sheetrit, Gur, Horesh and Gvion.)
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- 2019
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21. Editorial: The Psychology of Suicide: From Research Understandings to Intervention and Treatment.
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Levi-Belz Y, Gvion Y, and Apter A
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- 2019
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22. Socio-demographic and psychological risk factors for suicidal behavior among individuals with anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A systematic review.
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Goldstein A and Gvion Y
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- Age Factors, Anorexia Nervosa psychology, Bulimia Nervosa psychology, Feeding and Eating Disorders epidemiology, Feeding and Eating Disorders psychology, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Personality, Risk Factors, Self-Injurious Behavior epidemiology, Self-Injurious Behavior psychology, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide psychology, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data, Anorexia Nervosa epidemiology, Bulimia Nervosa epidemiology, Suicide statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Objective: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and is also elevated in bulimia nervosa (BN). We carried out a systematic review in which we analyzed the relationship between AN and/or BN and suicidality (i.e. suicidal ideation or attempted and/or death by suicide) and the major risk factors for suicidal behavior among AN and BN patients by synthesizing the qualitative data from relevant studies., Evidence Acquisition: According to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of the literature on PsycNET, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Search terms were "eating disorders" "OR" "anorexia" "OR" "bulimia" combined with the Boolean "AND" operator with "suicide.", Evidence Synthesis: The initial search identified 8,590 records, of which 38 research reports met the predefined inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Eating disorders (EDs) were found to be associated with a marked increase in suicidal behaviors and ideation. ED type, impulsivity, and specific interpersonal features were associated with suicidal behavior., Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of the combined role of socio-demographic and psychological factors to the co-occurrence of EDs and suicidal behavior. It is imperative that a thorough suicide assessment be conducted routinely for individuals with past and current EDs, and that clinicians be aware that this risk may be ongoing and occur throughout treatment, even after ED symptoms appear to be remitting., Limitations: Study limitations include diagnostic definitions of and criteria for EDs, and the different terminology used by researchers to define suicide, including non-suicidal behaviors, which weakens the ability to draw conclusions regarding actual suicidal behaviors versus other self-harm behaviors., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2019
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23. Serious Suicide Attempts: Systematic Review of Psychological Risk Factors.
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Gvion Y and Levi-Belz Y
- Abstract
Background: One of the main obstacles in studying suicide risk factors is the difference between cases in which the individual died by suicide and those in which the individual engaged in suicidal behavior. A promising strategy that overcomes this obstacle is the study of survivors of serious suicide attempt (SSA), i.e., an attempt that would have been lethal had it not been for the provision of rapid and effective emergency treatment. Serious suicide attempters are epidemiologically very much like those who died by suicide, and thus may serve as valid proxies for studying suicides. This paper aims to define the specific risk factors for SSAs by conducting a qualitative data synthesis of existing studies., Methods: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of the literature in PubMed, ProQuest, and Psychlit electronic research-literature databases. Search terms were "serious" "OR" "near lethal," combined with the Boolean "AND" operator with "suicide*." In addition, we performed a manual search on Google Scholar for further studies not yet identified., Results: The preliminary search identified 683 citations. A total of 39 research reports that met the predefined criteria were analyzed. Mental pain, communication difficulties, decision-making impulsivity, and aggression, as well as several demographic variables, were found to be major risk factors for SSAs., Limitations: We found a variability of definitions for SSA that hamper the ability to draw a model for the risk factors and processes that facilitate it. Moreover, the role of suicide intent and planning in SSA is still unclear. Further studies should aim to clarify and refine the concepts and measures of SSA, thereby enabling more specific and concrete modeling of the psychological element in its formation., Conclusion: SSA is a distinguishable phenomenon that needs to be addressed specifically within the scope of suicidal behavior. Interpersonal problems, as well as impulsivity and aggression, seem to facilitate SSA when mental pain serves as a secondary factor. Healthcare professionals should be aware of SSA, and familiar with its specific risk factors. Moreover, psychological and suicidal risk assessment should include a designated evaluation of these risk factors as part of intervention and prevention models for SSA.
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- 2018
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24. Aggression, impulsivity, and their predictive value on medical lethality of suicide attempts: A follow-up study on hospitalized patients.
- Author
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Gvion Y
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Anger, Communication Disorders psychology, Correlation of Data, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hope, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Assessment, Risk Factors, Self Disclosure, Aggression psychology, Impulsive Behavior, Suicide psychology, Suicide statistics & numerical data, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Suicide, Attempted statistics & numerical data
- Abstract
Background: This study examined the role of aggressive-impulsive variants, and suicide history in predicting the medical severity of follow-up suicide attempts., Methods: 97 consecutive psychiatric in-patients who participated in earlier study 2-5 years previously. Thirty-three had a history of a medically serious suicide attempt (MSSA), 29 had a history of a medically non-serious suicide attempt (MNSSA), and 35 had no history of suicide. Participants completed a battery of instruments measuring aggressive-impulsive variables, hopelessness and communication difficulties. Findings were analyzed in relation to follow-up suicide attempts and their severity., Results: 32 patients (33%) had attempted suicide: 9 (9.27%) (including one death) MSSSA. Of these, 7 patients were MSSAs in the index attempt and 2 were MNSSAs in the index attempt. 23 (23.7%) MNSSA: Of these, 6 were MSSAs in the index attempt; 13, MNSSAs in the index attempt and 4 from the non-suicidal psychiatric group. 65 patients (67%) did not attempt suicide during the period since the index studies. Anger-out, violence impulsivity and hopelessness had significant positive correlations with medical severity of follow-up suicide attempts. Similar correlations were found between anger-out, violence and the amount of follow-up suicide attempts. A hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to determine contribution of study variables to severity of future suicide attempts. Severity of index attempt, hopelessness aggressive-impulsive variants and two interactions (medical severity of index suicide attempt X impulsivity and self-disclosure X anger-in) accounted for 44.7% of the variance of the medical severity of follow-up suicide attempts., Limitations: (i) Possibly incomplete patient information, as some of the patients who participated in the index studies could not be located. (ii) Relatively small group of patients with an index MSSA., Conclusions: The major findings of this paper are the predictive value of MSSA vs. MNSSA. The Lethality of future suicide attempt is closely linked to the lethality of former suicide attempt, impulsivity and hopelessness. Thus, patients who have made a suicide attempt should be assessed for medical severity of the attempt, impulsive-aggressive measures hopelessness, and communication difficulties, which are important factors in follow-up attempts., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2018
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25. Predictive value of psychological characteristics and suicide history on medical lethality of suicide attempts: A follow-up study of hospitalized patients.
- Author
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Trakhtenbrot R, Gvion Y, Levi-Belz Y, Horesh N, Fischel T, Weiser M, Treves I, and Apter A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Self Disclosure, Severity of Illness Index, Affective Symptoms psychology, Depression psychology, Loneliness psychology, Mental Health, Suicide, Attempted psychology
- Abstract
Background: This study examined the role of mental pain, communication difficulties, and suicide history in predicting the medical severity of follow-up suicide attempts., Methods: The cohort included 153 consecutive psychiatric in-patients who participated in earlier studies 1-9 years previously. Fifty-three had a history of a medically serious suicide attempt (MSSA), 64 had a history of a medically non-serious suicide attempt (MNSSA), and 36 had no history of suicide. A MSSA was defined as a suicide attempt that warranted hospitalization for at least 24h and extensive medical treatment. Participants completed a battery of instruments measuring mental pain and communication difficulties. Findings were analyzed in relation to follow-up suicide attempts and their severity., Results: Fifty-three patients (35.5%) had attempted suicide: 15 (9.9%) a MSSA (including 5 fatalities) and 38 (25%) a MNSSA. The medical severity of the index attempt and level of hopelessness at the index attempt were significantly correlated with medical severity of the follow-up attempt. In younger patients, high levels of depression and self-disclosure predicted the medical severity of the follow-up attempt. In patients with relatively low hopelessness, the medical severity of the attempt increased with the level of self-disclosure., Limitations: (i) Possibly incomplete patient information, as some of the patients who participated in the index studies could not be located. (ii) Relatively small group of patients with an index MSSA., Conclusions: Patients who have made a suicide attempt should be assessed for medical severity of the attempt, hopelessness, and communication difficulties, which are important factors in follow-up attempts., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
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26. On the role of impulsivity and decision-making in suicidal behavior.
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Gvion Y, Levi-Belz Y, Hadlaczky G, and Apter A
- Abstract
Suicide risk constitutes a complex set of interacting demographic, clinical, psychobiological and environmental variables. Impulsivity is a long-known risk factor for suicide attempts. However, research based on clearer conceptual refinement in this area is imperative. One emerging field of study is that of decision-making. Impulsivity involves a failure of higher-order control, including decision-making. Using standardized operational definitions that take into consideration relevant aspects of impulsivity, including state- and trait-components and a deeper understanding of the process of decision-making in the suicidal mind, we may come a step closer to understanding suicidality and winning the fight in this scourge of human suffering.
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- 2015
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27. A proposed model of the development of suicidal ideations.
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Gvion Y, Horesh N, Levi-Belz Y, and Apter A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aggression psychology, Communication Disorders psychology, Depression psychology, Female, Humans, Impulsive Behavior, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Risk Factors, Social Environment, Socioeconomic Factors, Suicide, Attempted psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Mental Disorders psychology, Models, Psychological, Suicidal Ideation
- Abstract
Background: Suicidal ideations may precede suicide attempts. They are of particular concern in psychiatric populations because psychopathology is a major risk factor for suicide. The factors affecting the development of suicide ideations may differ among psychiatric patients with and without a previous suicide attempt and individuals without a psychiatric diagnosis., Objectives: The aim of this study is to develop a model of suicide ideation in psychiatric patients and the general population., Method: The study included 196 participants: 92 psychiatric patients with a previous suicide attempt ("attempters"); 47 psychiatric patients who had never attempted suicide ("non-attempters"); and 57 healthy control subjects. Data were collected on socio-demographic parameters, clinical history, and details of the suicide attempts. Participants completed a battery of psychological instruments assessing aggression-impulsivity, mental pain (including depression and hopelessness) and communication difficulties, in addition to negative life events. Findings were correlated with suicidal ideation by group., Results: The correlations of the different variables with suicidal ideation differed between suicide attempters and non-attempters; therefore, the model was analyzed separately for each group. The study yielded three major findings: negative life events had a significant effect on both anger-in and impulsivity in non-attempters but not in attempters; hopelessness moderately contributed to suicidal ideations in attempters but not in non-attempters; loneliness contributed significantly to depression in non-attempters but was less distressing in attempters., Conclusion: The mechanism underlying suicidal ideation appears to differ between psychiatric patients who have previously attempted suicide and those who have not, supporting a dual model of suicidal ideation. Although this is only a preliminary study, these findings are important for furthering our understanding of the process of transition of suicidal thoughts to completion of suicide. These results need further replication with a larger cohort of subjects., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2015
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28. Aggression-impulsivity, mental pain, and communication difficulties in medically serious and medically non-serious suicide attempters.
- Author
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Gvion Y, Horresh N, Levi-Belz Y, Fischel T, Treves I, Weiser M, David HS, Stein-Reizer O, and Apter A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Depressive Disorder psychology, Female, Humans, Loneliness psychology, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Aggression psychology, Communication, Emotions, Impulsive Behavior psychology, Social Behavior, Suicide, Attempted psychology
- Abstract
Background: Unbearable mental pain, depression, and hopelessness have been associated with suicidal behavior in general, while difficulties with social communication and loneliness have been associated with highly lethal suicide attempts in particular. The literature also links aggression and impulsivity with suicidal behavior but raises questions about their influence on the lethality and outcome of the suicide attempt., Objectives: To evaluate the relative effects of aggression and impulsivity on the lethality of suicide attempts we hypothesized that impulsivity and aggression differentiate between suicide attempters and non-attempters and between medically serious and medically non-serious suicide attempters., Method: The study group included 196 participants divided into four groups: 43 medically serious suicide attempters; 49 medically non-serious suicide attempters, 47 psychiatric patients who had never attempted suicide; and 57 healthy control subjects. Data on sociodemographic parameters, clinical history, and details of the suicide attempts were collected. Participants completed a battery of instruments for assessment of aggression-impulsivity, mental pain, and communication difficulties., Results: The medically serious and medically non-serious suicide attempters scored significantly higher than both control groups on mental pain, depression, and hopelessness (p<.001 for all) and on anger-in, anger-out, violence, and impulsivity (p<.05 for all), with no significant difference between the two suicide attempter groups. Medically serious suicide attempters had significantly lower self-disclosure (p<.05) and more schizoid tendencies (p<.001) than the other three groups and significantly more feelings of loneliness than the medically non-serious suicide attempters and nonsuicidal psychiatric patients (p<.05). Analysis of aggression-impulsivity, mental pain, and communication variables with suicide lethality yielded significant correlations for self-disclosure, schizoid tendency, and loneliness. The interaction between mental pain and schizoid traits explained some of the variance in suicide lethality, over and above the contribution of each component alone., Conclusions: Aggression-impulsivity and mental pain are risk factors for suicide attempts. However, only difficulties in communication differentiate medically serious from medically non-serious suicide attempters. The combination of unbearable mental pain and difficulties in communication has a magnifying effect on the risk of lethal suicidal behavior., (© 2014.)
- Published
- 2014
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29. Mental pain, communication difficulties, and medically serious suicide attempts: a case-control study.
- Author
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Levi-Belz Y, Gvion Y, Horesh N, Fischel T, Treves I, Or E, Stein-Reisner O, Weiser M, David HS, and Apter A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Depression psychology, Female, Hope, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Life Change Events, Loneliness psychology, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Schizoid Personality Disorder psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Suicide psychology, Young Adult, Communication, Self Disclosure, Stress, Psychological psychology, Suicide, Attempted psychology
- Abstract
Medical severe suicide attempts (MSSA) are epidemiologically very similar to individuals who complete suicide. Thus the investigation of individuals who have made MSSAs may add to our understanding of the risk factors for completed suicide. The aim of this study was to assess the role of mental pain and communication difficulties in MSSA. A total of 336 subjects were divided into 4 groups: 78 meeting criteria for MSSA compared with116 subjects who made a medically non-serious suicide attempt (MNSSA), 47 psychiatric controls with no history of suicidal behavior, and 95 healthy controls. Mental pain variants (e.g., hopelessness), facets of communication difficulties (e.g., self-disclosure), as well as socio-demographic and clinical characteristics were assessed. The MSSA had significantly higher communication difficulties than the other 3 groups. Moreover, the interaction between mental pain and communication difficulties explained some of the variance in suicide lethality, above and beyond the contribution of each component alone. This report underlines the importance of mental pain for suicide attempts in general while difficulties in communication abilities play a critical role in differentiating MSSA from MNSSA. The co-existence of unbearable mental pain with difficulties in communication significantly enhances the risk for more lethal forms of suicidal behavior.
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- 2014
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30. Suicide in Israel--an update.
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Gvion Y, Levi-Belz Y, and Apter A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Arabs statistics & numerical data, Emigrants and Immigrants statistics & numerical data, Ethiopia ethnology, Female, Humans, Israel epidemiology, Jews statistics & numerical data, Male, Sex Factors, Suicide statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Suicide Prevention, Suicide ethnology
- Published
- 2014
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31. Attachment patterns in medically serious suicide attempts: the mediating role of self-disclosure and loneliness.
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Levi-Belz Y, Gvion Y, Horesh N, and Apter A
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide, Attempted prevention & control, Suicide Prevention, Loneliness psychology, Object Attachment, Self Disclosure, Suicide psychology, Suicide, Attempted psychology
- Abstract
Although the study of medically serious suicide behavior is an important strategy for understanding the nature of suicide, little is known about its underlying psychological mechanisms. This gap is addressed here by applying insights from attachment theory to severe suicidal behavior. The results show that both anxious and avoidant attachment patterns predict medical lethality. Path analysis indicated that interpersonal difficulties mediated the paths between insecure attachment patterns and lethality of suicide attempts. These results suggest that the psychological mechanisms of medically serious suicide behavior involve high levels of mental pain amplified by insecure attachment patterns and interpersonal difficulties. Implications for prevention and therapeutic intervention strategies are discussed., (© 2013 The American Association of Suicidology.)
- Published
- 2013
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32. Aggression, impulsivity, and suicide behavior: a review of the literature.
- Author
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Gvion Y and Apter A
- Subjects
- Humans, Psychopathology, Aggression psychology, Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders psychology, Impulsive Behavior psychology, Suicide psychology
- Abstract
This article reviews the literature on the association between impulsivity aggression and suicide. The key words impulsivity, aggression, and suicide were entered into the pubmed, psychlit, and proqest databases. Significant articles were scrutinized for relevant information. Impulsivity and aggression are highly correlated with suicidal behavior across psychiatric samples, nosological borders, and non-psychiatric populations. Impulsivity and aggression are related but the nature of this relationship remains unclear. The literature is confusing and contradictory. This is probably due to the difficulty in defining and separating out these concepts and the fact that there is much overlap between them. Future research should aim at clarifying and refining these concepts as well as their link to all the different forms of suicidal behavior.
- Published
- 2011
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