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Background: When interpreting medical images such as dental panoramic radiographs (Orthopanthomogram, OPT), errors are frequent. Previous research has shown that eye movement modelling examples (EMME) are a supportive training method for medical image interpretation to reduce errors. To date, EMME support for OPTs has not been verified. Objectives: We investigated whether a training with EMME and verbal explanations supports dental students in evaluating OPTs. Methods: Dental students were randomly assigned to an intervention (N = 42) or a control group (N = 41). The intervention group received the EMME between pre- and post-test. In a laboratory study, we measured students' gaze behaviour during evaluating OPTs and the detection rate of anomalies. Results and conclusions: The training led to fewer, shorter, and later fixations on anomalies and no difference in visual coverage of the OPT. The detection rate of anomalies did not improve. We replicated the latter finding in an online study (N = 31). Students may not have been able to apply the information from the EMME to detect anomalies. The image reading processes changed to more efficient rather than deeper visual search. Major takeaways: This study evaluated a training method with EMME for anomaly detection of OPTs. EMMEs did not improve the anomaly detection of dental students and changed their visual search process toward a more efficient rather than a deeper search.

Background: When interpreting medical images such as dental panoramic radiographs (Orthopanthomogram, OPT), errors are frequent. Previous research has shown that eye movement modelling examples (EMME) are a supportive training method for medical image interpretation to reduce errors. To date, EMME support for OPTs has not been verified. Objectives: We investigated whether a training with EMME and verbal explanations supports dental students in evaluating OPTs. Methods: Dental students were randomly assigned to an intervention (N = 42) or a control group (N = 41). The intervention group received the EMME between pre‐ and post‐test. In a laboratory study, we measured students' gaze behaviour during evaluating OPTs and the detection rate of anomalies. Results and conclusions: The training led to fewer, shorter, and later fixations on anomalies and no difference in visual coverage of the OPT. The detection rate of anomalies did not improve. We replicated the latter finding in an online study (N = 31). Students may not have been able to apply the information from the EMME to detect anomalies. The image reading processes changed to more efficient rather than deeper visual search. Major takeaways: This study evaluated a training method with EMME for anomaly detection of OPTs. EMMEs did not improve the anomaly detection of dental students and changed their visual search process toward a more efficient rather than a deeper search. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic: Dental students and dentists commit many errors when interpreting radiographs.Validated interventions to support radiograph interpretations are lacking.Eye movement modelling examples (EMME) consist of videos showing an expert's gaze behaviour while performing a visual task.EMME improve processing of visual information in other domains (e.g., multimedia learning, chest x‐rays). What this paper adds: We investigated whether EMME improved detection of anomalies and gaze behaviour for dental students.Three EMME videos of dental experts explaining their behaviour and observations were presented to students.Studying the EMME videos did not improve the detection of anomalies.The gaze behaviour changed to a more efficient visual search. Implications for practice and/or policy: EMME do not seem to be effective as a short‐term intervention to improve anomaly detection for dental students.Further research is needed to develop effective training methods that could be applied in university teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This clinical trial tested bilayered restorations based on ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia/alumina frameworks veneered with feldspathic ceramic.Materials and Methods: A total of 67 crowns and 40 fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) were luted in 57 patients with self-etching/self-adhesive composite resin cement. Dental status and integrity of restorations were evaluated at 2 weeks, 6 months, and then annually.Results: A total of 66 crowns and 36 FDPs (88% posterior) survived for success rates of 93.4% for crowns and 89% for FDPs at 2 years. In particular, 11 cohesive ceramic chippings were observed in 5 crowns and 6 FDPs.Conclusion: The material allows excellent marginal adaptation. Susceptibility to veneering failures might be due to framework design and the necessities of esthetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expert behavior is characterized by rapid information processing abilities, dependent on more structured schemata in long-term memory designated for their domain-specific tasks. From this understanding, expertise can effectively reduce cognitive load on a domain-specific task. However, certain tasks could still evoke different gradations of load even for an expert, e.g., when having to detect subtle anomalies in dental radiographs. Our aim was to measure pupil diameter response to anomalies of varying levels of difficulty in expert and student dentists' visual examination of panoramic radiographs. We found that students' pupil diameter dilated significantly from baseline compared to experts, but anomaly difficulty had no effect on pupillary response. In contrast, experts' pupil diameter responded to varying levels of anomaly difficulty, where more difficult anomalies evoked greater pupil dilation from baseline. Experts thus showed proportional pupillary response indicative of increasing cognitive load with increasingly difficult anomalies, whereas students showed pupillary response indicative of higher cognitive load for all anomalies when compared to experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: A total of 24 zirconia-based single tooth-retained restorations inserted in 18 patients were followed up for 15 to 61 months (mean: 35 months).Materials and Methods: Recall consisted of dental and hygiene status as well as quality assessment and check for occlusal relationship. One patient was lost to follow-up. In the incuded patients, 15 central incisors, 3 canines, and 5 lateral incisors replaced 16 lateral incisors and 7 central incisors, mostly in the maxilla (n = 17).Results: One retainer debonded, two pontics experienced incisal chip-offs, and one patient showed an orthodontic relapse. The success rate was estimated at 82.4%, with 100% survival at 36 months.Conclusion: Technical protocol and occlusal protection are crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty-two patients who had been treated with 71 computer-aided design/computer-assisted manufacture-fabricated Cercon crowns were followed to assess clinical performance by time-to-event analysis. Clinical examinations consisted of a complete dental and oral hygiene examination and a quality assessment by modified California Dental Association criteria. Four patients (6 crowns) were lost to follow-up; another 11 crowns had to be excluded from evaluation for comparability reasons. Six of 54 evaluated crowns experienced complications (PC = 11.1%) throughout a mean observation time of 21 months. Survival was estimated at 0.98 over 24 months. The good overall clinical performance was affected predominantly by technical complications of the veneering ceramic (PTC = 9.3%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Expert behavior extends from rapid information processing abilities [1], which relates to more structured working memory designated for their domain-specific tasks [2] and reflects cognitive load. Much of the literature has used pupil dilation changes as an indicator of cognitive load [3] in an n-back task. Our aim was to see how generalizable the pupil diameter is to cognitive load for expert dentists and students during dental X-Ray examination. First year dental students (n = 50) and experts (n = 26) in the university clinic viewed panoramic radiographs with instructions to find areas that could be indicative of pathologies (see [4] for methods). We measured percent pupil dilation change from baseline from both groups as well as fixation and saccade behavior from the left eye after comprehensive pre-processing. Median pupil percent change and variance were then used as features for 10 different machine learning classifiers with a cost function for expert misclassification . With pupil information alone, the average accuracy for all classifiers was 64.93%. However, for the same classifiers with the gaze feature in combination with the pupil dilation change were trained, the average accuracy was 80.52%, with one exception . Therefore, using pupil dilation alone was not able to distinguish experts from students with high accuracy. These results stress that pupil diameter alone may not be a strong indicator or cognitive load [5], and that other features may be needed for better classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To cross-sectionally analyse the submucosal microbiome of peri-implantitis (PI) lesions at different severity levels., Materials and Methods: Microbial signatures of 45 submucosal plaque samples from untreated PI lesions obtained from 30 non-smoking, systemically healthy subjects were assessed by 16s sequencing. Linear mixed models were used to identify taxa with differential abundance by probing depth, after correction for age, gender, and multiple samples per subject. Network analyses were performed to identify groups of taxa with mutual occurrence or exclusion. Subsequently, the effects of peri-implant probing depth on submucosal microbial dysbiosis were calculated using the microbial dysbiosis index., Results: In total, we identified 337 different taxa in the submucosal microbiome of PI. Total abundance of 12 taxa correlated significantly with increasing probing depth; a significant relationship with lower probing depth was found for 16 taxa. Network analysis identified two mutually exclusive complexes associated with shallow pockets and deeper pockets, respectively. Deeper peri-implant pockets were associated with significantly increased dysbiosis., Conclusion: Increases in peri-implant pocket depth are associated with substantial changes in the submucosal microbiome and increasing levels of dysbiosis., (© 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)