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464 results on '"Hall, William W."'

5. Expanding diversity of bunyaviruses identified in mosquitoes

Author

Orba, Yasuko, Abu, Yusuf Eshimutu, Chambaro, Herman M., Lundu, Tapiwa, Muleya, Walter, Eshita, Yuki, Qiu, Yongjin, Harima, Hayato, Kajihara, Masahiro, Mori-Kajihara, Akina, Matsuno, Keita, Sasaki, Michihito, Hall, William W., Hang’ombe, Bernard M., and Sawa, Hirofumi

Published
2023
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6. Combination therapy with oral antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs improves the efficacy of delayed treatment in a COVID-19 hamster model

Author

Sasaki, Michihito, Sugi, Tatsuki, Iida, Shun, Hirata, Yuichiro, Kusakabe, Shinji, Konishi, Kei, Itakura, Yukari, Tabata, Koshiro, Kishimoto, Mai, Kobayashi, Hiroko, Ariizumi, Takuma, Intaruck, Kittiya, Nobori, Haruaki, Toba, Shinsuke, Sato, Akihiko, Matsuno, Keita, Yamagishi, Junya, Suzuki, Tadaki, Hall, William W., Orba, Yasuko, and Sawa, Hirofumi

Published
2024
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13. An African tick flavivirus forming an independent clade exhibits unique exoribonuclease-resistant RNA structures in the genomic 3′-untranslated region

Author

Harima, Hayato, Orba, Yasuko, Torii, Shiho, Qiu, Yongjin, Kajihara, Masahiro, Eto, Yoshiki, Matsuta, Naoya, Hang’ombe, Bernard M., Eshita, Yuki, Uemura, Kentaro, Matsuno, Keita, Sasaki, Michihito, Yoshii, Kentaro, Nakao, Ryo, Hall, William W., Takada, Ayato, Abe, Takashi, Wolfinger, Michael T., Simuunza, Martin, and Sawa, Hirofumi

Published
2021
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16. Establishment of a lethal mouse model of emerging tick-borne orthonairovirus infections.

Author

Ariizumi, Takuma, Tabata, Koshiro, Itakura, Yukari, Kobayashi, Hiroko, Hall, William W., Sasaki, Michihito, Sawa, Hirofumi, Matsuno, Keita, and Orba, Yasuko

Subjects
LABORATORY mice, ANIMAL disease models, EMERGING infectious diseases, HEMORRHAGIC fever, ANTIVIRAL agents
Abstract

Emerging and reemerging tick-borne orthonairovirus infections (family Nairoviridae), which are genetically distinct from Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, have been recently reported in East Asia. Here, we have established a mouse infection model using type-I/II interferon receptor-knockout mice (AG129) both for a better understanding the pathogenesis of these infections and validation of antiviral agents using Yezo virus (YEZV), a novel virus causing febrile illnesses associated with tick bites in Japan and China. YEZV-inoculated AG129 mice developed hepatitis with body weight loss and died by 6 days post infection. Blood biochemistry tests showed elevated liver enzyme levels, similar to YEZV-infected human patients. AG129 mice treated with favipiravir survived lethal YEZV infection, demonstrating the anti-YEZV effect of this drug. The present mouse model will help us better understand the pathogenicity of the emerging tick-borne orthonairoviruses and the development of specific antiviral agents for their treatment. Author summary: Establishment of animal models are pivotal in the study of newly emerging infectious diseases. In this report, we show that mice lacking interferon responses can serve as a lethal animal model for emerging tick-borne orthonairovirus infections. Yezo virus is a tick-borne orthonairovirus that is genetically distinct from previously reported human pathogenic orthonairoviruses such as Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever virus, and has recently been reported to cause acute febrile illnesses in humans in Japan and China. Type-I/II interferon receptor-knockout mice (AG129 mice) infected with Yezo virus developed acute disease with elevated liver enzyme levels, including AST and ALT, similar to human patients. Our pathological and virological analyses in this mouse model revealed that Yezo virus mainly replicates in the liver and spleen and causes fatal hepatitis in AG129 mice. Furthermore, we could demonstrate the antiviral effect of favipiravir for Yezo virus infection. Thus, this animal model will facilitate studies of emerging tick-borne orthonairovirus infections which will allow a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and will permit the screening of potential antiviral agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Field-deployable multiplex detection method of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus using loop-mediated isothermal amplification and DNA chromatography.

Author

Hayashida, Kyoko, Garcia, Alejandro, Moonga, Lavel Chinyama, Sugi, Tatsuki, Takuya, Kodera, Kawase, Mitsuo, Kodama, Fumihiro, Nagasaka, Atsushi, Ishiguro, Nobuhisa, Takada, Ayato, Kajihara, Masahiro, Nao, Naganori, Shingai, Masashi, Kida, Hiroshi, Suzuki, Yasuhiko, Hall, William W., Sawa, Hirofumi, and Yamagishi, Junya

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, GENE amplification, INFLUENZA viruses, INFLUENZA A virus, INFLUENZA B virus, TREHALOSE, NEURAMINIDASE
Abstract

A novel multiplex loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method combined with DNA chromatography was developed for the simultaneous detection of three important respiratory disease-causing viruses: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus, and influenza B virus. Amplification was performed at a constant temperature, and a positive result was confirmed by a visible colored band. An in-house drying protocol with trehalose was used to prepare the dried format multiplex LAMP test. Using this dried multiplex LAMP test, the analytical sensitivity was determined to be 100 copies for each viral target and 100–1000 copies for the simultaneous detection of mixed targets. The multiplex LAMP system was validated using clinical COVID-19 specimens and compared with the real-time qRT-PCR method as a reference test. The determined sensitivity of the multiplex LAMP system for SARS-CoV-2 was 71% (95% CI: 0.62–0.79) for cycle threshold (Ct) ≤ 35 samples and 61% (95% CI: 0.53–0.69) for Ct ≤40 samples. The specificity was 99% (95%CI: 0.92–1.00) for Ct ≤35 samples and 100% (95%CI: 0.92–1.00) for the Ct ≤40 samples. The developed simple, rapid, low-cost, and laboratory-free multiplex LAMP system for the two major important respiratory viral diseases, COVID-19 and influenza, is a promising field-deployable diagnosis tool for the possible future 'twindemic, ' especially in resource-limited settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. S-217622, a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, decreases viral load and ameliorates COVID-19 severity in hamsters.

Author

Sasaki, Michihito, Tabata, Koshiro, Kishimoto, Mai, Itakura, Yukari, Kobayashi, Hiroko, Ariizumi, Takuma, Uemura, Kentaro, Toba, Shinsuke, Kusakabe, Shinji, Maruyama, Yuki, Iida, Shun, Nakajima, Noriko, Suzuki, Tadaki, Yoshida, Shinpei, Nobori, Haruaki, Sanaki, Takao, Kato, Teruhisa, Shishido, Takao, Hall, William W., and Orba, Yasuko

Subjects
SARS-CoV-2, PROTEASE inhibitors, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, CORONAVIRUS disease treatment, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
Abstract

In parallel with vaccination, oral antiviral agents are highly anticipated to act as countermeasures for the treatment of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Oral antiviral medication demands not only high antiviral activity but also target specificity, favorable oral bioavailability, and high metabolic stability. Although a large number of compounds have been identified as potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, few have proven to be effective in vivo. Here, we show that oral administration of S-217622 (ensitrelvir), an inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro; also known as 3C-like protease), decreases viral load and ameliorates disease severity in SARS-CoV-2–infected hamsters. S-217622 inhibited viral proliferation at low nanomolar to submicromolar concentrations in cells. Oral administration of S-217622 demonstrated favorable pharmacokinetic properties and accelerated recovery from acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamster recipients. Moreover, S-217622 exerted antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including the highly pathogenic Delta variant and the recently emerged Omicron BA.5 and BA.2.75 variants. Overall, our study provides evidence that S-217622, an antiviral agent that is under evaluation in a phase 3 clinical trial (clinical trial registration no. jRCT2031210350), has remarkable antiviral potency and efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and is a prospective oral therapeutic option for COVID-19. A worthwhile antiviral: Despite the success of vaccines and early antivirals in combating the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there remains room for improvement. Here, Sasaki et al. tested the ability of a main protease (Mpro) inhibitor, S-217622 (ensitrelvir), to protect hamsters from disease after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The authors found that S-217622 retained activity against the Mpro of multiple strains of the virus and reduced disease severity in hamsters when administered orally as a prophylactic or as a therapeutic. Hamsters treated prophylactically with S-217622 did not spread virus to cohoused hamsters. These results support further development of S-217622, which is now under evaluation in a phase 3 clinical trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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33. Evidence for exposure of asymptomatic domestic pigs to African swine fever virus during an inter-epidemic period in Zambia

Author

Chambaro, Herman M., Sasaki, Michihito, Sinkala, Yona, Gonzalez, Gabriel, Squarre, David, Fandamu, Paul, Lubaba, Caesar, Mataa, Liywalii, Shawa, Misheck, Mwape, Kabemba E., Gabriel, Sarah, Chembensofu, Mwelwa, Carr, Michael J., Hall, William W., Qiu, Yongjin, Kajihara, Masahiro, Takada, Ayato, Orba, Yasuko, Simulundu, Edgar, and Sawa, Hirofumi

Subjects
Ornithodoros moubata, seroprevalence, Asfarviridae, pigs, Zambia, African swine fever
Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) causes persistent outbreaks in endemic and non-endemic regions in Zambia. However, the epidemiology of the disease is poorly understood, particularly during the inter-epidemic periods. We conducted surveillance for ASF in asymptomatic domestic pigs and soft ticks in selected Zambian provinces. While serum samples (n = 1,134) were collected from crossbred pigs from all study sites between 2014 and 2017, whole blood (n = 300) was collected from both crossbred and indigenous pigs in Eastern Province (EP) in 2017. Soft ticks were collected from Mosi-oa-Tunya National Park in Southern Province (SP) in 2019. Sera were screened for antibodies against ASF by ELISA while genome detection in whole blood and soft ticks was conducted by PCR. Ticks were identified morphologically and by phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Seroprevalence was highest in EP (50.9%, 95% CI [47.0-54.9]) compared to significantly lower rates in SP (2.9%, 95% CI [1.6-5.1]). No antibodies to ASFV were detected in Lusaka Province. In EP, the prevalence of ASFV genome was 11.7% (35/300), significantly higher (OR = 6.2, 95% CI [2.4-16.6]) in indigenous pigs compared to crossbred pigs. The pooled prevalence of ASFV genome in ticks was 11.0%, 95% CI [8.5-13.9]. Free-range husbandry system was the only factor that was significantly associated with seropositive (p < .0001, OR = 39.3) and PCR-positive results (p < .001, OR = 5.7). Phylogenetically, based on the p72 gene, ASFV from Ornithodoros moubata ticks detected in this study belonged to genotype I, but they separated into two distinct clusters. Besides confirming ASF endemicity in EP and the presence of ASFV-infected ticks in SP, these results provide evidence for exposure of domestic pigs to ASFV in non-endemic regions during the inter-epidemic period.

Published
2020

42. Molecular evidence of mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-IIc in the Kararao Village (Kayapo) in the Amazon Region of Brazil

Author

Ishak Ricardo, Vallinoto Antonio Carlos R., Azevedo Vânia Nakauth, Lewis Martha, Hall William W., and Ishak Marluísa O. Guimarães

Subjects
HTLV-II, Molecular epidemiology, Vertical transmission, Amerindian populations, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962
Abstract

Blood samples from native Indians in the Kararao village (Kayapo), were analysed using serological and molecular methods to characterize infection and analyse transmission of HTLV-II. Specific reactivity was observed in 3/26 individuals, of which two samples were from a mother and child. RFLP analysis of the pX and env regions confirmed HTLV-II infection. Nucleotide sequence of the 5' LTR segment and phylogenetic analysis showed a high similarity (98%) between the three samples and prototype HTLV-IIa (Mot), and confirmed the occurrence of the HTLV-IIc subtype. There was a high genetic similarity (99.9%) between the mother and child samples and the only difference was a deletion of two nucleotides (TC) in the mother sequence. Previous epidemiological studies among native Indians from Brazil have provided evidence of intrafamilial and vertical transmission of HTLV-IIc. The present study now provides molecular evidence of mother-to-child transmission of HTLV-IIc, a mechanism that is in large part responsible for the endemicity of HTLV in these relatively closed populations. Although the actual route of transmission is unknown, breast feeding would appear to be most likely.

Published
2001

49. Deaths associated with human adenovirus-14p1 infections, Europe, 2009-2010

Author

Carr, Michael J., Kajon, Adriana E., Lu, Xiaoyan, Dunford, Linda, O'Reilly, Paul, Holder, Paul, De Gascun, Cillian F., Coughlan, Suzie, Connell, Jeff, Erdman, Dean D., and Hall, William W.

Subjects
Continuing medical education -- Health aspects, Online health care information services -- Health aspects, Adenoviruses -- Health aspects, Online health care service, Health
Abstract

Human adenovirus (HAdV) serotype 14 is rarely identified. However, an emerging variant, termed HAdV-14p1, recently has been described in the United States in association with outbreaks of acute respiratory disease [...]

Published
2011
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