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The rapid rise in propofol dependency and abuse has highlighted limited resources for addressing substance abuse‐related cognitive impairment, prompting the development of novel therapies. Dysregulated autophagy flow accelerates neuronal cell death, and interventions countering this dysregulation offer an appealing strategy for neuronal protection. Curcumin, a potent natural polyphenol derived from turmeric rhizomes, is renowned for its robust antineurotoxic properties and enhanced cognitive function. Utilizing CCK‐8 and Ki67 fluorescent staining, our study revealed that curcumin treatment increased cell viability and proliferative potential in MN9D cells exposed to propofol‐induced neurotoxicity. Furthermore, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and western blot analysis demonstrated the partial restoration of dopamine synthesis, secretion levels, and TH expression in damaged MN9D cells treated with curcumin. Scanning electrode microscope images displayed reduced autolysosomes and phagosomes in curcumin‐treated cells compared to the propofol group. Immunoblotting revealed that curcumin mitigated the degradation of LC3I to LC3II and p62 induced by propofol stimulation, with green fluorescence expression of LC3 postcurcumin treatment resembling that following autophagy inhibitor HCQ treatment, indicating that modulating autophagy flow can alleviate propofol's toxic effects. Moreover, curcumin treatment upregulated the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway, suggesting that curcumin potentially curtails autophagy dysregulation in nerve cells by activating Akt/mTOR/p70S6K. In conclusion, our findings suggest that curcumin can ameliorate propofol abuse‐induced neurotoxicity, partially through autophagy regulation and Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling activation. Highlights: High‐dose propofol promotes apoptosis in MN9D cells that is dose‐dependent.Curcumin inhibits propofol‐induced apoptosis of neurons that is dose‐dependent.Curcumin inhibits caspases‐dependent neuronal apoptosis and restores neuronal TH and dopamine secretion function.Curcumin improves propofol‐induced dysregulated neuronal autophagy contributes to the Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the influence mechanism of the total water use evolution in a certain region more deeply, it is necessary to accurately identify the driving effects of the total water use evolution, and quantitatively analyze the influence of the driving effects on the total water use evolution. In this research, we studied the driving effects of the total water use evolution in China from the perspective of multi-year long time-series in the whole country for the first time. Through the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition method, we constructed an LMDI decomposition model for the regional total water use evolution, and decomposed the total water use evolution in China and its five stages from 1965 to 2019 into the water use intensity effect (WUIE), sector proportion effect (SPE), per capita total economy effect (PCTEE), and total population effect (TPE). We also considered the driving effects of the total water use evolution when the population or economic proportion changed in the six major districts in China for the first time. Based on the LMDI decomposition method, we separately added the district population proportion variable and the district economic proportion variable to contrast a logarithmic mean Disivia index-population (LMDI-P) decomposition model and a logarithmic mean Divisia index-economic (LMDI-E) decomposition model for the regional total water use evolution. Compared with the LMDI decomposition model, the district population proportion effect (DPPE) and the district economic proportion effect (DEPE) were separately added. We calculated the value and proportion of the driving effects of the total water use evolution in China and analyzed their influence mechanisms. Our findings provide better decision-making reference for water resource planning and management in China. The results show the following: (1) According to the overall situation from 1965 to 2019, the prohibitive role played by the PCTEE (total 22,263.79 × 108 m3) and the TPE (total 2945.38 × 108 m3) with respect to the total water use increasing in China offset the inhibitive role played by the WUIE (total −16,094.31 × 108 m3) and the SPE (total −5930.02 × 108 m3) with respect to the total water use increasing in China; (2) According to the overall situation from 1965 to 2019, both the DPPE and DEPE had heterogeneity in the total water use evolution in the six major districts in China. The DPPE played a prohibitive role in the three population inflow districts (Southeast China, Central South China, and Northwest China) with respect to the total water use increasing (total 291.09 × 108 m3), and an inhibitive role in the other three population outflow districts (North China, Central South China, and Southwest China) with respect to the total water use increasing (total −207.78 × 108 m3). The DEPE played a prohibitive role in the three economically developed districts (North China, Southeast China, and Central South China) with respect to the total water use increasing (total 428.26 × 108 m3), and an inhibitive role in the other three economically underdeveloped districts (Northeast China, Southwest China, and Northwest China) with respect to the total water use increasing (total −477.74 × 108 m3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increased impervious surface in an urban system is considered to have significant impacts on hydrological processes, while the impact of the imperviousness spatial distribution on the regional rainstorm flood process is yet to be comprehended. We propose a spatial allocation optimization system coupled with a harmony search algorithm (HS) and storm water management model (SWMM) to search the optimal imperviousness layout. The new optimization system was applied in an experimental site with an area of 0.5 km2. The distribution characteristics of the model-projected optimized imperviousness layout were analyzed. The main findings are as follows: (1) the flood peak in the outlet section can be effectively reduced by 4.01% to 35.62% merely through a reasonable optimized layout, without changing the scale of construction land; (2) in the optimized imperviousness layout scheme set, the pattern where the imperviousness is concentrated at both ends of the catchments is dominant for lighter rainfalls, while the pattern where the imperviousness is centered in the middle reaches is dominant for heavier rainfalls; and (3) in small rainfall events, with the increase of the average flow distance of the imperviousness, the flood peak tends to decrease first and then increase; in intensive rainfall events, it is almost the opposite. The findings can provide scientific guidance for flood control design in new town planning and old city reconstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable development is a hot issue in global research today. As a large developing country, China has increasingly prominent conflicts between water use, the population, and the economy, so it is necessary to solve the sustainable development issues represented by water use, the population, and the economy. To explore the evolutionary process for water use, the population, and the economy in China, we calculated the evolutionary path of the center of gravity for water use, the population, and the economy in China from 1965 to 2019 by using the center of gravity model, and we calculated the decomposed contributions of the evolutionary path of the center of gravity for water use, the population, and the economy in China from 1965 to 2019, which the six major areas in China contributed to, by using the center of gravity decomposed contributions model. The results show the following: (1) As a whole, the center of gravity cumulative yearly moving distance for water use was 835.77 km, and the center of gravity moving direction as well as angle were north by east, 18.95°. The center of gravity cumulative yearly moving distance for the population was 113.40 km, and the center of gravity moving direction as well as angle were south by west, 31.50°. The center of gravity cumulative yearly moving distance for the economy was 449.83 km, and the center of gravity moving direction as well as angle were south by east, 8.63°. (2) From the decomposed value contribution rate of the evolutionary path of the center of gravity in the latitude direction for water use, the population, and the economy in China from 1965 to 2019, which the six major areas in China contributed to, Northeast China contributed the most (42.26%, 34.09%, and 39.37%, respectively). The increasing proportion of total water use consumption in Northeast China most positively affected the evolutionary path of the center of gravity for water use in China, moving northwards from 1965 to 2019, and the decreasing proportion of the total population as well as gross regional product in Northeast China most negatively affected the evolutionary path of the center of gravity for the population and economy in China, moving southwards from 1965 to 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both the natural and social water cycles form part of the regional water cycle, and the assessment of the health of the social water cycle provides useful recommendations for resource allocation, urban planning, and development. The Zheng-Bian-Luo region (Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang city cluster in China) is used as an example in this study. The three-level "goal criterion index" is used to develop a water cycle index system based on deeper knowledge of the notion of the social water cycle. The system has four criterion layers that measure water quantity, utility, quality, and ecology, in addition to 22 index levels regarding the total water resources and drinking water compliance rate. By using this as a foundation, the minimum information entropy principle was applied to couple AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and EFAST (Extended Fourier Amplitude Sensitivity Analysis) in order to calculate the comprehensive weights of the evaluation indicators and build a VIKOR (Intuitionistic Fuzzy Multi-attribute Decision Making Method) model of the relative preference relationship of the fused weights. This model was then compared to the conventional VIKOR model and the FCE (Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method) method in order to reflect on the objectivity of the evaluation results. The primary barriers preventing the improvement of water cycle health in the Zheng-Bian-Luo region were determined in this study by using the barrier degree model. The findings demonstrate that over the past 11 years, the overall water cycle health in the Zheng-Bian-Luo region has developed toward a healthy trend and that the water cycle health level in the region has gradually improved from the initial sub-pathological state to a healthy state. The results also demonstrate compliance with domestic drinking water sources, comprehensive water consumption per capita, the water consumption of CNY 10,000 of industrial-added value, the water consumption of CNY 10,000 of GDP, and the water consumption of CNY 10,000 for water. The primary barrier to the Zheng-Bian-Luo region's improvement in water health is the water consumption ratio. The findings of this study can serve as a scientific foundation for creating a balanced urban water cycle and achieving long-term development in the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is vital for analyzing groundwater chemical characteristics to develop, manage and protect groundwater resources. Hydrogeochemistry simulation, graphic method, and other methods are applied to analyze 22 pieces of groundwater chemical data in the urban area of Zhumadian City. The results show that shallow groundwater is mainly of HCO3-Ca type. Besides, from northeast to southwest, salinity and hardness increase gradually, the hydrodynamic condition becomes worse, and groundwater is significantly affected by human activities. This study is of important significance to scientifically using and managing groundwater resources in the urban area of Zhumadian City. Características químicas y distribución espacial de las aguas freáticas en el área urbana de Zhumadian (China) Resumen El análisis de las características químicas de las aguas freáticas o subterráneas es determinante para desarrollar, administrar y proteger los recursos hídricos. Este trabajo se basó en la simulación hidrogeoquímica, el método gráfico y otros procedimientos para analizar la información química de 22 muestras de aguas freáticas en el área urbana de Zhumadian, en el este de China. Los resultados muestran que las aguas freáticas poco profundas son principalmente del tipo HCO3-Ca. Además, del noreste al suroeste, la salinidad y la rigidez aumentan gradualmente, las condiciones hidrodinámicas empeoran y las aguas freáticas son afectadas por las actividades humanas. Este estudio es de una importancia significativa para el manejo científico y la administración de los recursos de aguas subterráneas en el área urbana de Zhumadian.

The over-exploitation of shallow groundwater in the People's Victory Canal irrigation area has led to the continuous decline in the groundwater level. The formation of a groundwater drawdown cone has changed the original runoff conditions and hydrochemical environment. Based on the groundwater data in the irrigated area from 1996 to 2022, multivariate statistical analysis, traditional hydrochemical methods, and inverse geochemical modeling were used to reveal the impact of the formation of the groundwater depression cone on hydrochemical evolution. The results show that the formation of the groundwater depression cone near the central area in 2003 changed the direction of the canal head flowing to the northwest area, making the groundwater flow from the canal head and the northwest area to the central area. The change in the hydrodynamic fields also caused the groundwater with high salinity in the northwest region to flow to the funnel area, and the ion concentration of groundwater along the pathway area to increase. The groundwater type in the runoff area changes, gradually evolving from Group 1 to Group 2 groundwater. Analysis of the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the runoff area for many years shows that after the formation of the central funnel area in 2003, the groundwater with high SO 4 2 − ion in the northwest area flows to the funnel area, and the correlation between total dissolved solids and S O 4 2 − ions in the groundwater along the way is significantly enhanced. The inverse geochemical modeling shows that the main water–rock action along the runoff direction is the dissolution of halite and gypsum. In addition, the study area has a strong cation exchange reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Grain for Green project (GGP), initialized by the Chinese government in 1999, has achieved substantial achievements accompanied by a decrease in surface runoff on the Loess Plateau, but the impacts of large-scale afforestation on regional water resources are uncertain. Hence, the objective of this study was to explore the impact of land use change on generalized water resources and ecological water stress using the blue and green water concepts, taking the Yanhe River Basin as the case study. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was applied to quantify the green water and blue water, which are defined as generalized water resources. The ecological water requirement of vegetation (forest and grass), agricultural water footprint and virtual water flow are considered regional water requirements. The land use types of 1980 (Scenario I) and 2017 (Scenario II) were entered into the SWAT model while keeping the other parameters constant to isolate the influence of land use changes. The results show that the average annual differences in blue, green and generalized water resources were -72.08 million m3, 24.34 million m3, and -47.74 million m3, respectively, when the simulation results of Scenario II were subtracted from those of Scenario I, which shows that land use change caused by the GGP led to a decrease in blue and generalized water resources and an increase in green water resources. Surface runoff in Scenario I was more than that in Scenario II in all of the years of the study period from 1980–2017, and green water storage in Scenario I was more than that in Scenario II in all of the years of the study period except in 1998; although lateral flow in Scenario I was less than that in Scenario II except in 2000 and 2015, as was groundwater runoff in 1992, 2000 and 2015, and green water flow in 1998. Blue water flow, green water storage and green water flow in Scenario II were less than those in Scenario I in the whole basin, 12.89 percent of the basin and 99.21 percent of the basin, respectively. The total water footprint increased from 1995 to 2010 because the forest water footprint increased significantly in this period, although the agricultural water footprint and grass water footprint decreased. The ecological water stress index values had no obvious temporal change trends in either land use scenario, but the ecological water stress index in Scenario II was greater than that in Scenario I, which illustrates that the GGP led to an increase in ecological water stress from the perspective of generalized water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key component of the hydrological cycle, but traditional monitoring approaches are always based on measurements, which cannot satisfy the requirements of research on a regional scale. Hence, ET estimation by remote sensing is essential. MOD16 is a remote-sensing model based on the P-M equation and has good applicability. However, it describes soil moisture indirectly by RH, etc., which may cause uncertainties in ET estimating, so this study attempts to utilize the NDWI as a supplement to soil moisture information and makes improvements on the MOD16 model (with the resultant new model being named MOD16-sm). Specific work includes two aspects: one is model verification through making comparisons between ET estimates and measurements, and the other is a model application effect test analyzing the spatiotemporal characteristics of ET and exploring how ET responds to climate and land-use changes. Model verification indicated that the accuracy of the improved MOD16-sm model increased, with a higher R2 of 0.71, a lower RMSE 0.9 mm, and a lower MAE 0.91 mm, and that the improved MOD16-sm model was convincing. The application effect test of the MOD16-sm model showed that the average relative change rate of annual ET was 1.7%, showing an upward trend, and areas with growth trends of ET also had high vegetation coverage. As for the impacts of climate and land-use changes on ET, ET was positively correlated with precipitation, whereas it had no relevant correlation with air temperature in most areas, and the ET of all land-use types displayed significant increasing trends resulting from climate change. The application effect test demonstrated that ET estimates by the improved MOD16-sm model were reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change can impact the yield and water footprint of crops. Therefore, assessing such impacts carries great significance for regional water and food security. This study validated and verified the variety parameters of winter wheat for the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model, using the long-term (1993–2013) growth and yield data observed from six agricultural experiment stations in the Haihe River Basin (HRB), China. The growth process was simulated under three representative concentration pathways (RCPs), named RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5—climate scenarios driven by the HadGEM2-ES model. The variety parameters of winter wheat showed high accuracy in the simulation of the anthesis and maturity dates, and could be used for long-term prediction of the growth process. The trends of climate change had positive impacts on the water footprint of winter wheat but adverse impacts on the yield. The growing period was shortened by 3.6 days, 4.7 days, and 5.0 days per decade in the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, due to the rapid accumulation of heat. The yield would be increased in lower emissions scenarios (17% in RCP2.6), but decreased in high-emissions scenarios due to high temperatures, which may restrict the growth of wheat. The water footprint was decreased by 10%, 11%, and 13% in the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively, indicating that the water-use efficiency could be improved in the future. The results showed broad application prospects of the DSSAT model in simulating the response of crop growth to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aging on the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) by employing a wide-field mapping technique of composite images, scanned at the location of a distinctive spiraled subbasal nerve pattern located 1–2 mm inferior to the corneal apex (the inferior whorl) for SNP structural quantification. Materials and Methods: Central corneal tactile sensitivity (CCTS) and inferior whorl length (IWL) were compared among individuals in 3 age-groups (20–39 years, 40–59 years, and 60–79 years). Statistical analyses constituted the Kruskal-Wallis test, one-way analysis of variance (with the post hoc least significant difference test), Spearman correlation coefficient, and linear regression analysis. Results: CCTS remained stable until the age of 50 years, when it began to decrease; the mean CCTS was 58.15 ± 2.46 mm in the group aged 20–39 years, 55.74 ± 3.85 mm in the group aged 40–59 years, and 50.23 ± 3.27 mm in the group aged 60–79 years. IWL decreased with increasing age, with a corresponding linear decline of 0.2088 mm/mm2 per year, and the mean IWL was 25.43 ± 4.50 mm/mm2 in the group aged 20–39 years, 22.71 ± 6.19 mm/mm2 in the group aged 40–59 years, and 18.60 ± 4.21 mm/mm2 in the group aged 60–79 years. Conclusion: Our work provided a more accurate and repeatable method for corneal nerve analysis using laser scanning confocal microscopy. By using this technique, we confirmed that aging is associated with progressive reduction in subbasal nerve length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since water supply association analysis plays an important role in attribution analysis of water supply fluctuation, how to carry out effective association analysis has become a critical problem. However, the current techniques and methods used for association analysis are not very effective because they are based on continuous data. In general, there is different degrees of monotone relationship between continuous data, which makes the analysis results easily affected by monotone relationship. The multicollinearity between continuous data distorts these analytical methods and may generate incorrect results. Meanwhile, we cannot know the association rules and value interval between features and water supply. Therefore, the lack of an effective analysis method hinders the water supply association analysis. Association rules and value interval of features obtained from association analysis are helpful to grasp cause of water supply fluctuation and know the fluctuation interval of water supply, so as to provide better support for water supply dispatching. But the association rules and value interval between features and water supply are not fully understood. In this study, a data mining method coupling kmeans clustering discretization and apriori algorithm was proposed. The kmeans was used for data discretization to obtain the one-hot encoding that can be recognized by apriori, and the discretization can also avoid the influence of monotone relationship and multicollinearity on analysis results. All the rules eventually need to be validated in order to filter out spurious rules. The results show that the method in this study is an effective association analysis method. The method can not only obtain the valid strong association rules between features and water supply, but also understand whether the association relationship between features and water supply is direct or indirect. Meanwhile, the method can also obtain value interval of features, the association degree between features and confidence probability of rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-term fertilization results in accumulation of phosphorus especially in the top layer of the soils. Inundation of agricultural lands leads to a switch to anaerobic soil condition, causing reduction of iron and leaching of phosphate simultaneously. From the ecological and environmental perspective, high nutrients flux especially phosphorus will increase the possibility of eutrophication in aquatic system. The fern Azolla had a good potential to adsorb phosphorus, it also has distinctive nitrogen-fixing capacity. We conducted a 10-week aquarium experiment to investigate the phosphorus release capacity from two agricultural soils in the Netherlands with different Fe and P concentrations but comparable Fe/P ratios. Besides, the research questions rose to whether Azolla could use the mobilized phosphate released from the soils for growth. We also tried to find an effective indicator to estimate the actually phosphate mobilization from sediment to water layer. Results showed that the soils with high Fe and P concentrations had higher phosphate release rate compared with the soil with low Fe and P concentrations. Pore water Fe: PO43− ratios were valid to identify P release to surface water, when the Fe: PO43− ratios less than 8 mol mol−1 substantial phosphorus mobilization occurred. The conclusions showed that the actual mobilization of phosphate is more important than the phosphorus retained in the sediments for the internal PO43− fluxes. From 10-week experimental results, we found that Azolla can reuse the phosphate retained in soils thus removed the mobilized phosphate in a moderately low surface water nutrient loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer is a type of adenocarcinoma arising from the peripheral zone of the prostate gland, and metastasized prostate cancer is incurable with the current available therapies. The present study aimed to identify open chromosomal regions and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with prostate cancer development. The DNase sequencing data (GSE33216) and RNA sequencing data (GSE22260) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. DNase I hypersensitive sites were detected and analyzed. Subsequently, DEGs were identified and their potential functions were enriched. Finally, upstream regulatory elements of DEGs were predicted. In LNCaP cells, following androgen receptor activation, 244 upregulated and 486 downregulated open chromosomal regions were identified. However, only 1% of the open chromosomal regions were dynamically altered. The 41 genes with upregulated open chromosomal signals within their promoter regions were primarily enriched in biological processes. Additionally, 211 upregulated and 150 downregulated DEGs were identified in prostate cancer, including eight transcription factors (TFs). Finally, nine regulatory elements associated with prostate cancer were predicted. In particular, inhibitor of DNA binding 1 HLH protein (ID1) was the only significantly upregulated TF which exhibited motif enrichment in the promoter regions of upregulated genes. CCCTC‑binding factor (CTCF) and ELK1 ETS transcription factor (ELK1), enriched in the open promoter regions of downregulated genes, were potential upstream regulatory elements. Furthermore, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that ID1 expression was significantly upregulated in LNCaP cells and 5α‑dihydrotestosterone (DHT)‑treated LNCaP cells compared with that in BPH1 cells, while CTCF and ELK1 expression was significantly downregulated in LNCaP cells and DHT‑treated LNCaP cells. In conclusion, ID1, CTCF and ELK1 may be associated with prostate cancer, and may be potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the treatment of malignancy, many therapeutic agents, including small molecules, photosensitizers, immunomodulators, proteins and genes, and so forth, have been loaded into nanocarriers for controllable cancer therapy. Among these nanocarriers, polymeric micelles have been considered as one of the most promising nanocarriers, some of which have already been applied in different stages of clinical trials. The successful advantages of polymeric micelles from bench to bedside are due to their special core/shell structures, which can carry specific drugs in certain disease conditions. Particularly, poly(ethylene glycol)-polylactide (PEG-PLA) micelles have been considered as one of the most promising platforms for drug delivery. The PEG shell effectively prevents the adsorption of proteins and phagocytes, thereby evidently extending the blood circulation period. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic PLA core can effectively encapsulate many therapeutic agents. This review summarizes recent advances in PEG-PLA micelles for the treatment of malignancy. In addition, future perspectives for the development of PEG-PLA micelles as drug delivery systems are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to further investigate the molecular mechanisms of bladder cancer. The microarray data GSE52519 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus, comprising 9 bladder cancer and 3 normal bladder tissue samples. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using Limma package analysis. Subsequently, Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Reactome pathway enrichment analyses were performed for down- and upregulated DEGs. Transcription factors and genes associated with cancer from DEGs were identified. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using STRING, and pathway enrichment analysis was also conducted for genes in the core sub-network that was identified using BioNet. In total, 420 downregulated and 335 upregulated DEGs were identified. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses identified that a number of DEGs, including AURKA, CCNA2, CCNE1, CDC20 and CCNB2, were enriched in the cell cycle. Furthermore, a total of 12 upregulated proto-oncogenes were identified, including AURKA and CCNA2. In the PPI sub-network, a number of DEGs (e.g., CCNB2, CDC20, CCNA2 and MCM6) with higher degrees were enriched in the KEGG pathway of the cell cycle. In conclusion, the DEGs associated with the cell cycle (e.g., CDC20, CCNA2, CCNB2 and AURKA) may serve pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of bladder cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]