Search

Al-Qur’an menjelaskan bagaimana wujud dari segala ciptaan (makhluk) Allah, diantaranya manusia, malaikat, jin, syetan, iblis, dan lain sebagainya. Makhluk yang kasat (ghaib) masih menjadi bahasan menarik karena terjadi perbedaan pendapat daripada filsafat dan tasawuf. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini akan membahas dari tafsir Al-Qur’an yang akan menjelaskan perbedaan corak penafsiran, khususnya pada Tafsir Mafatihul Ghaib karya Ar-Razi dan Tafsir Ibn ‘Arabi karya Ibnu ‘Arabi dalam Q.S Ar-Rahman [78]: 56 dan Q.S al-Jin [72]: 8-9. Jenis Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan library research dan metode deskriptif analisis. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa eksistensi Jin menurut Fakhruddin ar-Razi dalam Tafsir Mafatih al-Ghaib disebutkan sebagai makhluk yang diciptakan dari api panas dan memiliki kemampuan untuk menembus angkasa dan mendengar percakapan penghuni-penghuninya tetapi kini langit telah dijaga dan ada semburan api yang dapat membakar mereka bila jin itu mendekat. Sedangkan menurut ibn Arabi eksistensi jin adalah hawa nafsu manusia yang memiliki kemampuan mencuri (pikiran) manusia agar mengikuti pada keraguan, kembali kepada masa yang belum ada adab dan tidak ada syariah.

Fatemeh Hemmati,1,2 Roya Salehi,3 Reza Ghotaslou,4 Hossein Samadi Kafil,3,4 Alka Hasani,4 Pourya Gholizadeh,1,2 Roghayeh Nouri,1,2 Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee1,4 1Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran; 4Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranCorrespondence: Mohammad Ahangarzadeh RezaeeImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranTel + 98-4133364661Email rezaee.mohammad@gmail.comAbstract: There has been excessive rate of use of antibiotics to fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections worldwide, which has consequently caused the increased resistance to multiple antibiotics in this pathogen. Due to the widespread resistance and the current poor effect of antibiotics consumed to treat P. aeruginosa infections, finding some novel alternative therapeutic methods are necessary for the treatment of infections. The P. aeruginosa biofilms can cause severe infections leading to the increased antibiotic resistance and mortality rate among the patients. In this regard, there are no approaches that can efficiently manage these infections; therefore, novel and effective antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents are needed to control and treat these bacterial infections. Quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs) or quorum quenchings (QQs) are now considered as potential therapeutic alternatives and/or adjuvants to the current failing antibiotics, which can control the virulence traits of the pathogens, so as a result, the host immune system can quickly eliminate bacteria. Thus, the aims of this review article were presenting a brief explanation of the research reports on the natural and synthetic QSIs of P. aeruginosa, and the assessment of the current understanding on the QS mechanisms and various QQ strategies in P. aeruginosa.Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, quorum quenchings, quorum sensing, nanoparticle, natural compounds, synthetic compounds

Alka Hasani,1– 3 Elghar Soltani,1,2 Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee,1,2 Tahereh Pirzadeh,2 Mahin Ahangar Oskouee,2 Akbar Hasani,4 Pourya Gholizadeh,2 Arezoo Noie Oskouie,2 Ehsan Binesh5 1Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical, Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 5Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Science, Shahroud, IranCorrespondence: Elghar SoltaniImmunology Research Center and Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranTel +989366295410Fax +984133808693Email elghar_soltani@yahoo.comObjective: Klebsiella pneumoniae, one of the clinical superbugs, causes diverse infections because of its variable capsular antigens. This study focused on K. pneumoniae and aimed to assess any correlation between capsular serotype, capsule-associated virulence genes, and evaluate its resistance to conventional antibiotics in order to gain insight into any regional differences.Materials and Methods: A total of 61 K. pneumoniae collected from various clinical specimens were confirmed genotypically. Clinical and demographic data for all patients were reviewed. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Capsular serotyping and capsule-associated virulence genes were studied using the molecular method.Results: All typeable isolates were typed into K5, K20, and K54 serotypes, and among them, K54 was observed to be predominant. The most common capsule-associated virulence genes comprised uge (93.4%), ycfM (91.8%), and wabG (88.5%), while wcaG (29.5%) and rmpA (21.3%) were noted at much lower prevalence rates. The gene wcaG was significantly associated with K54 positive isolates (p = 0.001), while rmpA was associated with K20 positive isolates (p = 0.01).Conclusion: Serotype K54 had a high frequency in isolates collected from patients with pulmonary diseases, while serotype K20 was associated with burn patients. Carbapenems and levofloxacin were the best therapeutic options for the treatment of infections with serotypes K20 and K54.Keywords: Klebsiella pneumoniae, capsular serotype, virulence factor, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, multidrug-resistance, multiplex-PCR

Hospitals are the most important and costly component of the healthcare system. Therefore, hospital performance evaluation (HPE) is an important issue for the managers of these centres. This paper presents a new approach for HPE that can be used to calculate the efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity of hospitals simultaneously. Efficiency refers to the ratio of inputs and outputs, effectiveness refers to the extent to which outputs align with predetermined goals, and productivity refers to the sum of both efficiency and effectiveness. To this end, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model is developed to simultaneously measure the efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity (DEA-EEP) of hospitals. DEA is a linear programming technique that in its traditional form, calculates the performance of similar decision-making units (DMUs) that have both inputs and outputs. In this study, the inputs are the number of health workers, the number of other staff, and the number of patient beds; while the outputs are the bed occupancy rate and the bed turnover rate. A target value is set for each output to measure the effectiveness of hospitals. The advantage of the developed model is the ability to provide a solution for non-productive units so that they can improve their performance by changing their inputs and outputs. In the case study, data of 11 hospitals in Tehran were evaluated for a 3-year period. Based on the results, some hospitals experienced an upward trend in the period, but the efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity scores of most hospitals fluctuated and did not have a growing trend. This indicates that although most hospitals sought to improve the quality of their services, they needed to take more serious steps.

Naser Alizadeh,1,2 Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee,1,3 Hossein Samadi Kafil,3 Alka Hasani,3 Mohammad Hossein Soroush Barhaghi,3 Morteza Milani,4 Fatemeh Yeganeh Sefidan,3 Mohammad Yousef Memar,3,5 Aidin Lalehzadeh,3 Reza Ghotaslou1,3 1Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Students’ Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IR, Iran; 4Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science, Medical, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran; 5Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranCorrespondence: Reza GhotaslouImmunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranTel/Fax + 984133364661Email rzgottaslo@yahoo.comBackground: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is a major concern leading to morbidity and mortality in the world. CRE often is becoming a cause of therapeutic failure in both hospital and community-acquired infections.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the resistance mechanisms of CRE by phenotypic and molecular methods.Materials and Methods: Sixty CRE (50 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6 Escherichia coli, and 4 Enterobacter spp.) were isolated from October 2018 to June 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using phenotypic methods. The carbapenem resistance mechanisms including efflux pump hyperexpression, AmpC overproduction, carbapenemase genes, and deficiency in OmpK35 and OmpK36 were determined by phenotypic and molecular methods, respectively.Results: Sixty CRE (50 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 6 Escherichia coli, and 4 Enterobacter spp.) were isolated from October 2018 to June 2019. Amikacin was found to be the most effective drug against CRE isolates. All isolates were resistant to imipenem and meropenem by the micro-broth dilution. AmpC overproduction was observed in all Enterobacter spp. and three K. pneumoniae isolates. No efflux pump activity was found. Carba NP test and Modified Hodge Test could find carbapenemase in 59 (98%) isolates and 57 (95%) isolates, respectively. The most common carbapenemase gene was blaOXA-48-like (72.8%) followed by blaNDM (50.8%), blaIMP (18.6%), blaVIM (11.8%), and blaKPC (6.7%). The ompK35 and ompK36 genes were not detected in 10 and 7 K. pneumoniae isolates, respectively.Conclusion: The amikacin is considered as a very efficient antibiotic for the treatment of CRE isolates in our region. Carbapenemase production and overproduction of AmpC are the main carbapenem resistance mechanisms in CRE isolates. Finally, Carba NP test is a rapid and reliable test for early detection of carbapenemase-producing isolates.Keywords: amikacin, carbapenemase genes, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Carba NP test

This study examines the interpretation of the ulama of Indonesia regarding kalimatun saw‘ which as recited in QS. li ‘Imrn verse 64. The method of this study is qualitative research that produces descriptive data in the form of conclusions delivered verbally by thematic methods. The author explains the meaning of kalimatun saw‘ and its interpretation according to the ulama of Indonesia which in this case focused on four ulama. They are Syaikh Nawawi al Bantani in Tafsir Marh Labd, Hasbi ash-Shiddieqy in Tafsir Al-Qur’anul Majid an-Nuur, Buya Hamka in Tafsir Al-Azhar, and M. Quraish Shihab in Tafsir al-Misbh. The analysis was done in order to infer the meaning of kalimatun saw‘ in general. The conclusion of this study is the meaning of kalimatun saw‘ is the same, fair, balanced and there is no dispute in it. The phrase forbids humans to worship other than Allah, not to associate partners with anything, and not making other humans as God.

Tafsir (exegesis) scholars traced in the Nusantara archipelago, will not be separated from the figure of ‘Abdurrauf al-Fansuri with his Tarjuman alMustafid. Through this work, tafsir had been developed through many media teaching until today. This work also allegedly gave birth to a variety of tafsir model and methodology of qur’anic interpretation in the archipelago. At least two aspects of the interpretation gives birth to the scholars transmission; and to development of the science of interpretation. Firstly, through the activities of teaching; and secondly, through writings. Through these two transmission lines the network of interpretation, until today continues to progress well.

Sejarah mencatat pada awal abad 19, Banten menjadi rujukan para ulama di Nusantara, bahkan di Asia Tenggara, khususnya tentang ilmu keIslaman. Kebudayaan Banten, yang nampak sederhana, sesungguhnya memiliki kompleksitas yang tinggi. Artikel ini mengetengahkan potret budaya Banten dengan memfokuskan pada dua pokok bahasan yakni atraksi debus dan tradisi Panjang Maulid. Penelitian menemukan bahwa beragamnya seni pertunjukan kesenian rakyat Banten, yang berkembang secara turun temurun, tidak terlepas dari pengaruh keagamaan, khususnya Islam.