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Abstract: Cavernous hemangioma of mediastinum is a rare, benign tumor originating from vascular endothelial cells. It typically arises in the anterior mediastinum but has also been reported in the posterior mediastinum or the middle mediastinum, and occasionally involves both the anterior and middle compartments. We present the case of a 20-year-old man with a cavernous hemangioma of mediastinum initially misdiagnosed as a reproductive tumor by 18 F-FDG PET/CT., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: The authors have no potential conflicts of interest to disclose. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Youth Science Foundation (82302259)., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Acute intracerebral hemorrhage (AICH) and cerebral cavernous hemangioma (CCM) are two common cerebral hemorrhage diseases with partially overlapping CT findings and clinical symptoms, making it hard to distinguish between them. The current study used histogram analysis based on CT images to differentiate between CCM and AICH and test its diagnosis performance., Methods: This retrospective study included 158 patients with CCM and 137 patients with AICH. The histograms of brain CT plain scan images of both groups were extracted using Python code and included 18 histogram parameters of the lesions. The most effective parameters were selected by univariate logistic regression analysis and Spearman correlation analysis and included in the final multivariate logistic regression model. The sample was randomly divided into the training set and the validation set by 7:3. The ROC curve was constructed to evaluate the discriminant efficiency of the final logistic regression model in distinguishing between AICH and CCM., Results: The univariate analysis identified seven significant histogram parameters with the following final logistic regression model: F = 3.731 + 2.6411 × 10 -9  × Energy-1.192 × Kurtosis-0.003 × Minimum-1.449 × Skewness + 2.5002 × 10 -10  × Total Energy-1.103 × Uniformity+0.009 × Variance. The model showed good diagnostic performance in distinguishing between AICH and CCM, with an AUC of 0.876, sensitivity of 70.8%, and specificity of 91.9% in the training set, and an AUC of 0.870, sensitivity of 82.9%, and specificity of 85.1% in the validation set., Conclusions: The histogram analysis of brain CT images can be used as an auxiliary method to distinguish between AICH and CCM effectively., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Cavernous hemangioma within the female genital tract is an extremely rare pathology, characterized by irregular vascular spaces containing blood or thrombus. We present a unique case of a 42-year-old primiparous woman who presented with typical endometriosis symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and heavy menstrual bleeding. The patient also experienced complex postpartum symptoms, which were misdiagnosed as cholecystitis and retained placental products. Imaging studies suggested deep infiltrative endometriosis with extraovarian endometriotic lesions. Surgical exploration revealed a hemangioma within the right anterior broad ligament alongside peritoneal endometriosis lesions. The hemangioma itself expresses estrogen and progesterone receptors in stromal cells. The presence of steroid hormone receptors strongly suggests symptom alleviation during the menstrual cycle and the postpartum period. The coexistence of cavernous hemangioma and endometriosis in the broad ligament, previously unreported, and symptomatic overlap between the two conditions complicates diagnosis and management, emphasizing the need for comprehensive evaluation integrating clinical symptoms and imaging findings., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Society for Reproductive Investigation.)

Infantile cavernous hemangioma is a benign vascular tumor in childhood. Cavernous hemangiomas have a tendency of slow enlargement with subsequent complications such as ulceration and bleeding. We report a case of a large cavernous hemangioma affecting the median upper lip in an 11-year-old girl. The lesion was growing and painful on pressure. The patient felt stigmatized. Treatment was wished for by patient and parents. After careful examination including Doppler ultrasound, we suggested a combined approach. In the first step the lesion was coagulated with an intralesional neodymium-YAG laser using a blunt tip. In the second step, immediately after the action of the laser, the lesion was removed completely by surgery. Defect closure was realized with bilateral tissue-expanding vermillion myocutaneous flaps. The patient was followed-up to 5 months. Disfigurement and functional impairment were eliminated. The result was satisfying for both patient and parents. Vascular lesions of the upper lip-particularly when close to Cupid's bow-can become disfiguring and cause functional impairment. We propose a combined approach with intralesional neodymium-YAG laser photocoagulation to avoid bleeding and to shrink the lesion before complete surgical removal. For defect closure, bilateral tissue-expanding vermillion myocutaneous flaps (Goldstein technique modified by Sawada) were used., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

A 79 year old female individual presented to the hospital and complained of 1 month melena and anemia due to chronic gastrointestinal bleeding because of cavernous hemangiomatosis of the small bowel. After undergoing an initial video laparoscopic jejunal-ileal resection surgery 7 days after first hospitalization, given the persistence of anemia, she underwent laparotomic duodenojejunal resection surgery again 2 months later. Multiple cavernous hemangiomatosis is a rare vascular disease (7-10% of all benign small bowel tumors), and it often manifests with bleeding, which may be occult or massive; more rarely, it manifests with intestinal occlusion or perforation. Diagnoses often require the use of multiple radiological and endoscopic methods; video capsule endoscopy has significantly increased the diagnostic rate. The gold standard of treatment is surgical resection, whenever possible, balancing the need for radicality with the possible metabolic consequences of massive small intestine resections.

Background and Importance: Various invasive oculoplastic procedures are commonly utilized to control the rectus muscles and widen the surgical corridor through the endoscopic endonasal removal of large orbital apex cavernous hemangiomas (OACHs). They require additional transconjunctival incision, rectus muscle insertional retraction, or muscle deinsertion at the globe that might not be safe and lead to prolonged postoperative extraocular muscle dysfunction. In this article, the authors described a modified 3-handed extracapsular technique for the resection of a large OACH without an additional procedure for rectus muscle control. The aim is to achieve a safe gross total tumor removal while minimizing the procedure-related complications. An intraoperative video is included, along with a stepwise cadaveric dissection relevant to the approach., Clinical Presentation: A 71-year-old female presented with progressive left-sided blurred vision, binocular diplopia, and mild proptosis. Contrast-enhanced brain MRI revealed a large heterogeneous enhanced inferomedial intraconal mass in the left orbital apex, mostly consistent with cavernous hemangioma. Gross total tumor removal was achieved through a modified 3-handed endoscopic endonasal extracapsular approach. The diplopia was resolved, and significant visual improvement was achieved. Computed tomography scan demonstrated complete tumor removal, and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis., Conclusion: Endoscopic endonasal resection of large OACH can be feasibly performed by using a modified 3-handed extracapsular technique through the generous use of Q-tip swab applicators within the natural separation plane around the tumor capsule and a sequential traction-countertraction method. Subsequently, a gross total removal and optimal postoperative functional outcome are attainable through minimal rectus muscle fiber violation and intraconal fat manipulation., (Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2024. All rights reserved.)

Intramuscular haemangiomas (IH) are rare lesions, accounting for less than 1% of all haemangiomas. This article presents the case of a woman in her 40s with a swelling in her left cheek. CT revealed an intramuscular lesion within the masseter, suggestive of a venous malformation. Surgical treatment was carried out with intraoral access to the lesion, allowing for complete removal, resulting in temporary swelling and trismus. There was no facial paralysis. We discuss information on IH in the head and neck and their surgical approaches., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2024. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Competing Interests: AC is a consultant for ERBE; RM is a consultant for ERBE, Fujifilm, 3DMatrix and Boston Scientific; AR is a consultant for Medtronic, ERBE, Fujifilm and Olympus; Other authors nothing to declare.

To explore the advantages and disadvantages of 3D Slicer reconstruction and 3D printing localization combined with transcranial neuroendoscope in the surgical treatment of deep cerebral micro cavernous hemangiomas. Method The clinical data of patients with deep cerebral micro cavernous hemangiomas treated by our hospital from June 2022 to February 2023 using 3D Slicer reconstruction and 3D printing localization technology combined with transcranial endoscopic surgery were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 5 cases with complete data were collected, including 2 males and 3 females, aged 9-59 years. All 5 patients had deep supratentorial cavernous hemangiomas with a diameter of less than 1.5 cm, and had clinical symptoms such as headache or epilepsy, and had been diagnosed by CT or MRI. Repeated bleeding from small cavernous hemangiomas in the deep brain can lead to clinical symptoms such as recurrent headache and epilepsy, and is required surgical treatment. However, cavernous hemangiomas often have smaller lesions and are difficult to locate in the deep part. Without neuronavigation, surgery can become extremely difficult. Our team's newly developed 3D Slicer reconstruction and 3D printing localization technology which could provide new options for surgical treatment of small cavernous hemangiomas or other small lesions in the deep brain, but its accuracy and safety still need to be verified by further clinical research., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

An 8-year-old boy presenting with left-angle paralysis, tremor in upper and lower extremities, and diplopia was diagnosed with hemorrhage from a mesencephalic cavernous hemangioma. He underwent hemangiomectomy through the occipital transtentorial approach 4 weeks post-hemorrhage, after which Holmes tremor (HT) markedly reduced. A year later, hemangioma has not recurred; he is now independent in his daily activities. Early intervention in the subacute stage allows for the complete removal of brainstem cavernomas (BSCs), with minimal risk of complications or sequelae. Proper timing and surgical approach for BSCs can prevent re-bleeding and improve HT after an initial hemorrhage, without any lasting negative consequences., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Hemangioma is a common vascular neoplasm that arises in the head and neck regions but is rare in the petrous bone. We report the first case of a solitary cavernous hemangioma in the mastoid antrum. A 68-year-old woman visited our hospital with a complaint of tinnitus without any other symptoms. Tinnitus of the right ear occurred especially when the patient yawned or swallowed. Both tympanic membranes appeared normal on otoscopic examination. On pure-tone audiometry, mild hearing loss up to 25 dB was detected in the right ear. Temporal bone computed tomography revealed a 7.0 mm × 4.5 mm × 5 mm, solitary soft tissue mass in the aditus ad antrum. Excisional biopsy was performed under general anesthesia through the canal wall as in a mastoidectomy. The mass was completely removed without any bleeding or ossicular chain damage. The mass was confirmed as a cavernous hemangioma. During follow-up, the patient's tinnitus and right low-tone hearing loss improved. No solitary hemangioma of the mastoid antrum has been reported previously. Surgical excision of the lesion appears to be proper treatment to achieve pathologic confirmation along with resolution of symptoms.

Introduction: Pure epidural spinal cavernous hemangiomas are rare, benign vascular tumors that account for approximately 4% of all spinal epidural tumors. Due to their dumbbell shape and propensity for foraminal invasion, they are often misdiagnosed and inadequately treated. We present a case of a 58-year-old male with extra-osseous cavernous hemangioma to better aid in diagnosis and management of these lesions., Case Presentation: A 58-year-old male presented with chronic lower back pain, progressive lower extremity weakness, T10 sensory level, absent lower extremity proprioception, hyperreflexia, and an episode of bowel incontinence. Imaging demonstrated T7-T10 homogenous dorsal epidural mass causing cord signal change. He underwent resection with histopathologic exam revealing a pure epidural cavernous hemangioma., Conclusion: Spinal epidural cavernous hemangiomas are exceedingly rare lesions that are often misdiagnosed as nerve sheath tumors and meningiomas. Common features include chronic pain and myelopathy as well as T1 isodensity, T2 hyperintensity, and homogenous enhancement. Uniquely, they present as a lobulated, spindled shape with tapered ends in the dorsal epidural space. Both gross and subtotal resection result in favorable neurologic outcomes., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to International Spinal Cord Society.)

Rationale: Rectal cavernous hemangioma is a rare, benign vascular disease that seldom causes lower gastrointestinal bleeding, characterized by a high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses. Surgical treatment is considered to be relatively effective; however, it is accompanied by certain employed in the treatment of superficial hemangioma, boasting the advantages of minimally invasive surgery, including safety, effectiveness, reduced trauma, and rapid recovery. However, there is a lack of literature regarding the application of foam sclerosing agents for gastrointestinal hemangiomas., Case Concerns: We present a case of a 60-year-old male who was admitted to our hospital with a history of recurrent hematochezia for >1 year and worsening symptoms for 1 week. The patient's medical history was unremarkable., Diagnoses: Following colonoscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and other examinations, the final diagnosis was rectal cavernous hemangioma., Interventions: Due to the patient's refusal of surgery, endoscopic foam sclerotherapy using a lauromacrogol injection was performed after obtaining informed consent from the patient and their relatives., Outcomes: Post-sclerotherapy, hematochezia symptoms ceased, and no adverse reactions were observed. Two months later, colonoscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging showed that the hemangioma had almost completely disappeared, with only a small amount of tumor remnants, yielding a satisfactory curative effect., Conclusion: Our findings indicate that endoscopic injection of a lauromacrogol foam sclerosing agent is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment option for gastrointestinal cavernous hemangiomas., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Purpose: Herein, we reported a case of retinal cavernous hemangioma (RCH) and its multimodal imaging., Case Presentation: Many grape-like lesions were incidentally found along the distal portion of the vascular arcade in a 23-year-old man's superonasal quadrant of the retina. The best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. The fluorescein angiography showed saccular lesions that slowly filled with hypofluorescence in the early stage and clusters of aneurysms with hyperfluorescence and a special "fluorescein cap" appearance in the late stage. The optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) B-scan revealed multilocular cavernous spaces with different sizes in the inner retinal layers, varying signals, and an epiretinal membrane. The enface OCTA of retina showed grape-like changes and multiple highly reflective signal cavities with clear and complete boundaries., Conclusion: Different multimodal images are better for understanding the characteristics of RCH and more convenient for its diagnosis and follow-up., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Hemangiomas account for only 0.4% to 0.6% of all parotid tumors, making them extremely rare in adults. Unlike pediatric parotid hemangiomas, those in adults typically present as asymptomatic swellings of the parotid, have no skin discoloration, and usually do not regress spontaneously. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis of parotid hemangiomas in adults before surgical excision is generally challenging. Herein, we present 3 cases of adult parotid hemangiomas. The patients all received parotidectomies with tumor resection. Histopathological analysis of the resected specimens revealed numerous dilated, thin- or thick-walled (small, large, or variably sized) vessels lined with flattened endothelial cells. A diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma of the parotid gland was established only after the histopathological analysis. Parotid cavernous hemangiomas in adults are rare and often misdiagnosed before surgical resection. Clinical presentation and imaging features on ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography may support an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Surgical resection proved a suitable treatment approach for our 3 cases., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Orbital schwannoma is a rare benign tumor, originating from the Schwann cells of the orbital peripheral nerve sheath. Orbital schwannoma is easily misdiagnosed if the patient shows atypical presentations and atypical appearance on MRI imaging. A 56-year-old male experienced hyposmia for 1 year and was misdiagnosed with cavernous hemangioma pre-operation. This case was treated by surgery through the endoscopic trans-nasal approach. After operation, the patient had no recurrence or complications. Preoperative diagnosis for these cases remains difficult. Combined imaging modalities including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can help in differential diagnosis. Surgery is the main treatment modality for treating orbital schwannoma. Outcomes in most cases are favorable without complications or recurrence., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: Lesions situated within the orbit pose significant challenges in management due to the confined space they occupy and their proximity to critical anatomical structures. The objective of our study is to assess the feasibility of the ipsilateral endoscopic endonasal approach for orbital cavernous hemangiomas and to comprehend the surgical anatomy of the orbital apex and inferomedial orbital structures., Methods: Thirteen patients (8 women, 5 men), with ages ranging from 25 to 54 years (mean 35.2 ± 8.3 years), with orbital cavernous hemangioma who underwent surgery via the ipsilateral mononostril endoscopic endonasal approach between August 2018 and August 2023 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic characteristics, clinical data, radiographic images, and clinical outcomes of the patients were collected from digital medical records., Results: The left orbit was more commonly affected (9 left, 4 right). The average postoperative follow-up duration was 22.2 months (range: 6-50 months). Among the 13 cases of orbital cavernous hemangioma, 1 (7.7%) was located in the extraconal compartment, and 12 (92.3%) were situated in the intraconal compartment. Complete surgical resection of the tumor was successfully achieved in all patients., Conclusions: Our study highlights the potential advantages of employing a purely ipsilateral mononostril endoscopic endonasal approach for orbital surgery, particularly for accessing the orbital apex and managing medial and inferomedial orbital lesions. This technique holds promise for reducing morbidity and enhancing outcomes, especially when combined with careful patient selection, preoperative planning, and advanced endoscopic skills., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Background: Cavernous sinus cavernous malformations (CSCMs) is a vascular malformation of the cavernous sinus. Nowadays, there is an increasing preference to withhold using the terms cavernoma or cavernous hemangioma in order to stop considering these lesions as vascular neoplasms. These lesions are highly vascularized making surgical resection a challenge, mainly in endoscopic approaches. We present a case of this tumor treated in our institution with an endoscopic endonasal approach and incomplete resection. Because of the strenuous resection through this approach, we systematically reviewed the reported endoscopic cases of CSCMs to determine their intraoperative complications, results and tumor features., Methods: Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, one database (PubMed) and crossed references were queried for CSCMs from 1948 to 2020. Data regarding demographic features, clinical presentation, MRI features, surgical results and overall pathology features extracted., Results: Eighteen patients were selected (including our case). The mean age was 50.4 ± 14 years. Pituitary dysfunction and cavernous sinus nerve compression were the most reported symptoms. Only five cases (27%) reported a gross total resection (GTR) through endoscopic endonasal approach. Intraoperative bleeding was the most frequent intraoperative complication., Conclusion: We present a comprehensive analysis of every reported CSCM treated through endoscopic approach. Partial or subtotal resection are the most used techniques because of the intraoperative bleeding and the adherence to surrounding structures. Radiotherapy is a very good option for patients with incomplete resections.

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest.

Vascular anomalies comprise a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations related to disturbances in the blood or lymph vessels. They correspond to mainly tumors (especially hemangiomas), characterized by high mitotic activity and proliferation of the vascular endothelium, and malformations, endowed with normal mitotic activity and no hypercellularity or changes in the rate of cell turnover. However, the classifications of these lesions go beyond this dichotomy and consist various systems adapted for and by different clinical subgroups. Thus, the classifications have not reached a consensus and have historically caused confusion regarding the nomenclatures and definitions. Cavernous venous malformations of the orbit, previously called cavernous hemangiomas, are the most common benign vascular orbital lesions in adults. Herein, we have compiled and discussed the various evidences, including clinical, radiological, morphological, and molecular evidence that indicate the non-neoplastic nature of these lesions.

The aim of this article is show the neuroimaging, the pathological analysis and makes a brief review regarding to a giant cavernous haemangioma located in cavernous sinus in a 72 years old patient. A brief review was made in the literature searching for the key words "hemangioma" and "cavernous sinus" in the databases PubMed and Scielo for the last ten years. The images addressed were obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in FLAIR, T1 and T1-weighted contrast-enhanced. The intracranial cavernous haemangiomas are rare conditions that comprise from 0,1 to 4% of intracranial vascular malformations. Diagnosis is made by MRI, when available SPECT (99mTc) is used to confirm and the treatment is done surgically with complement of radiotherapy and radiosurgery. The reported neuroimaging and pathological analysis show a giant cavernous hemangioma in cavernous sinus, a benign neoplasm involving the left internal carotid artery and maintaining contact with the contralateral internal carotid artery formed by abundant vascular structures, but without the presence of a muscular tunic.

Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common benign liver tumors. Typically, small- to medium-sized hemangiomas are asymptomatic and discovered incidentally through the widespread use of imaging techniques. Giant hemangiomas (>5 cm) have a higher risk of complications. A variety of imaging methods are used for diagnosis. Cavernous hemangioma is the most frequent type, but radiologists must be aware of other varieties. Conservative management is often adequate, but some cases necessitate targeted interventions. Although surgery was traditionally the main treatment, the evolution of minimally invasive procedures now often recommends transarterial chemoembolization as the treatment of choice.

Competing Interests: Conflict of interest None.

Orbital cavernous hemangiomas are the most common primary orbital tumors in adults, providing challenges for optimal surgical approach planning within an anatomically complex area with close proximity to vital neurovascular structures. The authors present an individualized lateral mini-orbitozygomatic approach for the resection of an orbital cavernous haemangioma based on a preoperative 3-dimensional-printed model. This individualized approach enabled the surgeons to achieve optimal exposure while maintaining safety during the resection of the lesion, but also to respect the patient's physiognomy and hairline. In addition, the model was used for patient informed consent, helping the patient understand the procedure. Although adding additional effort to preoperative planning, 3-dimensional model-based approaches can offer great benefits when it comes to customizing surgical approaches, especially for anatomically challenging resections., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.)

Introduction: Retinal cavernous hemangioma (RCH) is a rare retinal vascular disease characterized by grape-like clusters of saccular aneurysms, usually unilateral, asymptomatic and non-progressive. The diagnosis is made by multimodal imaging including conventional fluorescein angiography (FA). The recent introduction of swept source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) has allowed new insight into vascular diseases, allowing non-invasive, more precise visualization of retinal and choroidal blood flow, and represents a possible alternative to FA., Methods: We herein describe two cases of RCH with multimodal imaging, including SS-OCTA, and compare our findings with those previously described., Results: On OCTA, the presence of a draining vessel, a reduction in flow signal in the SCP and DCP, and a fluid level can be observed., Conclusion: These OCTA signs are in accordance with those described on conventional fluorescein angiography, allowing this invasive exam to be avoided in typical cases., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

A 31-year-old female presented to the clinic with a 2 year history of proptosis of the right eye. She was diagnosed with cavernous hemangioma during her initial ophthalmologic consult and was advised monitoring. However, after a considerable increase in proptosis, she underwent an excision biopsy of the right orbital mass. A diagnosis of Rosai Dorfman disease was made after the histopathology report revealed a fibrosclerotic tissue with histiocytic proliferation showing emperipolesis that is mixed with numerous small lymphocytes and plasma cells. Rosai Dorfman disease is a rare disease presenting with lymphadenopathy and sinus histiocytosis. Orbital involvement can be the principal manifestation with proptosis as the most common presentation. Resection of the orbital lesion helped in the resolution of the mild ophthalmic symptoms but since the disease has other systemic associations, a complete systemic workup should be done to monitor recurrence.

Unilateral chorea movements caused by cavernous haemangioma in the putamen are extremely rare. We report a case with chorea movements linked to cavernous haemangioma, localised to an area including the putamen in which pharmacotherapy was found to be ineffective. Symptoms were, however, improved by resection of the cavernous haemangioma. In cases where chorea movements linked to cavernous haemangioma, involving the putamen, prove intractable with watchful waiting or pharmacotherapy, improvement can be expected with surgical removal of the cavernous haemangioma. It is also possible to reduce the risk of complications through the use of intraoperative navigation and monitoring., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Small bowel hemangiomas are benign congenital vascular lesions that can be asymptomatic or cause anemia, gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction, or intestinal perforation. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who, after years of study for iron-deficiency anemia, was diagnosed with a cavernous hemangioma of the jejunum by capsule endoscopy, which was confirmed after surgical resection.

Cardiac tumours are extremely rare. Most of the cases are diagnosed post-mortem.In this case, a tumour was found in a neonate during routine ultrasound screening in the first trimester of pregnancy. After birth, resection of the formation was performed and histologically confirmed as a cavernous haemangioma. Additionally, propranolol was prescribed in order to prevent relapse.

We present a unique case of a man presenting with progressive short-term memory deficits over 10+ years who was found to have a large intraventricular cavernoma in the anterior wall of the third ventricle with invasion of medial limbic structures. Identifying intraventricular cavernomas early is crucial to prevent substantial growth and to increase the chance of successful patient outcomes., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Limited 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Cavernous hemangioma represents a rare vascular malformation usually located in the cavernous sinus that could be exceptionally found purely in the intrasellar region. The clinical presentation of intrasellar cavernous hemangioma (ICH), frequently variable and unspecific, poses the patient at risk for misdiagnosis and the clinical consequences of suboptimal treatment. We present a case of ICH and describe the advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features that should direct toward the clinical suspicion of ICH., Case Presentation: An illustrative case of a 61-year-old man complaining of recurrent headaches and diagnosed with a sellar and parasellar lesion was reported and used as a cue to discuss MRI imaging sequences that may aid in the distinction of ICH from pituitary adenoma and other skull base lesions. Heterogeneous enhancement followed by intense homogeneous enhancement at the dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences ("fill-in" phenomenon), absence of blooming signs at the gradient recalled echo (GRE) T2*-weighted and/or susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI sequences, and elevated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values usually characterize ICH instead of pituitary adenoma., Conclusion: Advanced MRI imaging plays an invaluable role in the pre-operative characterization of skull base lesions. Although rare, skull base surgeons should be aware of the ICH in the differential diagnosis process in case of the intrasellar lesion, and a tailored MRI examination should be performed to direct the patient toward the safest and optimal treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Hepatic Haemangioma is the most common benign liver tumour. There are two types of haemangiomas: capillary haemangioma and cavernous haemangiomas. The term"giant haemangioma"isreserved for lesionslarger than 5 cm. Given the abundance of vascular structures around the liver, SPECT/CT hybrid imaging with 99mTc labelled Red Blood Cells (RBCs) constitutes an excellent modality for localization and characterization of hepatic haemangiomas.

Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.