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Background: Residential treatment is among the most intensive and expensive settings for children with behavioral health challenges; yet, the extent to which evidence-based practices are used in these settings is unknown. Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the extent which family therapy, case management, telehealth, peer support, and family psychoeducation are provided in residential treatment using data from the National Mental Health Services Survey (N-MHSS). Organizational factors—region, ownership, payment, licensing/accreditation, and facility size—were examined in relation to evidence-based practices to understand disparities in care. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of publicly available data from the 2018 N-MHSS. A subpopulation was created consisting of residential facilities that served children (N = 576). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample, and Cohen's h was calculated to determine patterns of evidence-based practice utilization. Results: Evidence-based practices from most to least prevalent were family therapy (76%), family psychoeducation (74%), case management (71.1%), telehealth (17.2%), and peer support (8.7%). The provision of evidence-based practices was not evenly distributed. There were primarily small to moderate differences by organizational factors, including region (i.e., Northeast, Midwest), ownership status (i.e., for-profit), payment type (i.e., self-pay, private insurance), licensing/accreditation (Department of Family and Children Services), and facility capacity (>251 clients served per year). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate a need for research-practice partnerships to determine the barriers that prevent effective evidence-based practices from being implemented in the residential treatment setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To summarize a preconference workshop that focused on how to be successful in obtaining funding by making one's scholarship innovative and significant. Method: In 2021, at the annual American Psychiatric Nurses Association (APNA) Conference, a panel of nurse scholars reflected on and discussed how to make grant proposals innovative and significant. Two moderators posed questions to five panelists at different stages in their research trajectories about four key research concepts: idea conception, framing for the funding agency, significance, and innovation. Results: Conceptualizing an innovative, scholarly idea starts with a passion for the topic, a team of experts and scholarly community, and time to think and delve into the literature. For funding opportunities, start small, read the funding announcements thoroughly and carefully, and make sure it is the right fit. Strategies to illustrate significance include avoiding generalizations, maintaining objectivity, being clear about impact, and using strength-based language. Contemplate the many facets of innovation as well as balance innovation and feasibility. Conclusions: Inclusion of challenges in composing significance and innovation sections of grant proposals offers knowledge for psychiatric nurse researchers to add to their toolkits as they seek funding and conduct research and scholarship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topic: Early‐life experiences, the transmission of health and disease within families, and the influence of cumulative risks as well as protective factors throughout life shape the trajectory of health, including mental health. Long‐term health trajectories established early in life are influenced by biologic, social, and environmental factors. Negative trajectories may be more salient if exposures to adversity occur during critical developmental periods. Purpose: The purpose of this brief is to (a) review pediatric health disparities related to depression and the intergenerational transmission of pediatric depression using a Life Course Health Development (LCHD) model and (b) provide recommendations for pediatric mental health research. Sources: Peer‐reviewed papers available for PubMed, CINAL, and Medline. Other sources include published books, papers, and gray materials. Conclusions: The LCHD model is a perspective to guide and foster new scientific inquiry about the development of mental health outcomes over the life course. The model enables synthesis of mental health, nursing, and public health, linking mental health prevention, risk reduction, and treatment in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a tiered conceptualization of family partnership developed by the Family-Run Executive Director Leadership Association (FREDLA) with examples of strategies from the literature. This sub-study was part of an overarching systematic review project that aimed to review the literature on family partnership in relation to youth outcomes. The tiers of family partnership include family involvement (i.e. family's inclusion in their child's care); family engagement (i.e. collaboration between TRC and families); family-driven (i.e. families as full partners). This review included thirty studies (n = 23 family involvement, n = 7 family engagement, n = 0 family-driven). The most common family involvement methods were family therapy and family visits to the program, primarily, delivered face-to-face. The most common family engagement method was activities, therapies, and skill building occurring at the home with family present. Methods of measuring family partnership primarily included the use of administrative data. Implications for research and practice include the provision of research that evaluates the effects of family partnership on outcomes important in the TRC setting and the development of research-practice and family-research collaborations to increase the uptake of effective family partnering methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have suggested that parents with adolescents in residential treatment (RT) may struggle with their own mental health. However, few have comprehensively described parents' mental health using valid and reliable measures and examined parent mental health in reference to other contextual factors that may be intertwined and intervenable. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory study was to describe the perceived stress, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in parents with adolescents in RT in the United States. This cross-sectional study included a sample of parents (N = 71) with adolescents in RT. On average, parents reported elevated depressive symptoms, moderate stress, mild-to-moderate anxiety symptoms, and subthreshold PTSD symptoms. However, there were differences in mental health based on gender, race, ethnicity, adolescent living location, and adolescent psychiatric diagnoses (e.g., bipolar, depressive, and substance use disorders). Findings provide a more comprehensive description of parents' mental health during the RT admission, underscoring the bidirectionality of parent-adolescent mental health and well-being. Practice Implications Parent mental health screening and treatment may be necessary because of elevated depressive symptoms, anxiety, and stress Parent stress is chronically elevated across the treatment trajectory, highlighting the need for parent preparation, support, and stress management Assessment of trauma and social support is needed because PTSD scores were higher in unpartnered parents Parent and adolescent mental health is bidirectional and providing treatment and support to parents benefits adolescents [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Research supports holistic expansion of the construct of resourcefulness by adding spiritual practices to the existing personal and social dimensions. This study describes the development and testing of items to measure spiritual resourcefulness. Methods/Design: Study phases were: (1) focus group development of item stems and responses; (2) expert testing; (3) scale construction; (4) field testing in 234 family caregivers; and (5) psychometric analysis to identify items for inclusion in a final scale. Findings: A focus group developed 40 item stems with potential responses reflecting three conceptual components of spiritual practices (rational, ritualistic, and relational). Content experts selected the best response for each item. A six-point Likert scale consistent with the Resourcefulness Scale© was constructed. Data from field testing were factor analyzed. The best solution revealed two factors containing 12 items. Ritualistic and relational items loaded together (44.7% variance explained). Rational items loaded separately (19.5% variance explained). Higher-order factor analysis indicated the two subscales reflected a single construct (71.93% variance explained; r =.44, p <.001). Conclusion: Availability of a psychometrically sound measure of spiritual resourcefulness is critical to expand resourcefulness training interventions to be more holistic. Clinical interventions can be enriched by including strategies to enhance personal, social, and spiritual resourcefulness skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accessibility and use of evidence-based mental health treatment are crucial to children and adolescents with mental health and behavioral health disorders. However, there is little known regarding treatment approaches in residential treatment facilities serving children and adolescents. As mental health disorders affect children and adolescents of all sociodemographic backgrounds, it is important to examine and identify differences in treatment approaches. This study's primary objective was to describe the differences in treatment approaches offered by facilities varying in region, ownership (i.e., private nonprofit vs private for-profit/public), Medicaid status, and client factors (i.e., age, gender, race, ethnicity). Data from the 2018 National Mental Health Services Survey (N-MHSS) was analyzed using Cohen's h to examine the differences in treatment approaches by sociodemographic characteristics in 576 residential treatment facilities. The largest differences in treatment approaches varied by the race/ethnicity and the gender of the client population composition. Particularly, psychotropic medication, seclusion, and restraint were more prevalent when the client composition was majority males, African American or Black, or Native American or Alaska Native. Implications for research and practice related to the intersection of sociodemographic and treatment approaches for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 12% of women in the United States have difficulty getting pregnant or carrying a pregnancy to term (i.e., infertility). Infertility permeates women's lives and is psychologically, socially and financially burdensome. This study aimed to describe women's experiences regarding infertility and explore factors that women find helpful to alleviate their fertility‐related stressors. Using purposive sample, we conducted in‐depth qualitative interviews with infertile women. Participants reported multiple infertility treatment‐related stressors including (a) difficulty accessing infertility treatment due to financial issues, geographic disparities, and healthcare provider factors; (b) challenges during infertility treatment related to painful, embarrassing, confusing treatments, side effects, and healthcare providers' failures to fully address women's needs. The stories and findings add to a body of literature that elucidate significant stressors that women encounter in their fertility journey including a desire for empathetic, understandable, and effective treatment and support, and the crucial role of healthcare providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences and perspectives of mothers with children in residential treatment (RT) regarding parenting, discharge planning, and home-based safety. One-hour interviews were conducted over the phone with 15 mothers. Transcripts were analyzed using a content analysis approach. Three themes were generated including parenting a child in RT, unprepared for discharge, and crisis intervention in the home. This study contributes insight into the lives of an underserved population with implications to inform future research interventions and clinical guidelines to address the needs of families with children in RT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although caregiver identity theory asserts there is no single generic caregiver identity, comparisons on demographic characteristics and burden of care have not been made among caregivers of persons with various health conditions. Using social media to access study participants, this cross-sectional study of 234 family caregivers of persons with various health conditions examined their demographic characteristics (age, gender, and race/ethnicity) and burden of care (daily care hours and caregiving years) using online data collection. Nine groups of caregivers were formed by the care recipient's health condition. Caregiver groups were similar in gender (95% women) and race/ethnicity (88% white), and differed on age (F=4.74; p<.001) daily care hours, and caregiving years (F's=2.76 and 2.84; p<.01). The findings suggest that caution is needed when recruiting caregivers through social media as the sample may not represent all caregivers. However, differences by care recipient condition on age and burden of care warrant further consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the growing number of family members who provide care to adults with a disability or illness, this study examined differences in coping resources and mental health among family caregivers of persons with various health conditions. Within the context of Ensel and Lin's stress paradigm, 234 family caregivers participated in an online study by completing validated measures of resourcefulness, spiritual practices, caregiver burden, anxiety, and depression. Caregivers were categorized into nine groups according to their care recipient's condition. The groups differed significantly on burden and resourcefulness. Greatest burden and lowest resourcefulness were found in caregivers of persons with traumatic brain injury, stroke, and dementia. Caregivers across all groups were found to be at a similarly high risk for anxiety and depression. These results provide insights for tailoring interventions for caregivers, particularly those whose care recipients have traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia, who may benefit from resourcefulness training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study described the frequency of different adverse childhood experience (ACE) types described by women with recent IPV and examined the effects of each ACE type on women's mental health. Over 70% of women reported parental separation or divorce, over 40% reported childhood sexual assault, and around 40% had a mother who was treated violently. Childhood physical abuse and sexual assault were associated with more severe posttraumatic stress disorder or depressive symptoms. Comprehensive interventions that address not only the effects of IPV but also the enduring effects of ACEs are needed to promote mental health for survivors of IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 20% of children and adolescents in the United States are affected by mental, emotional, and behavioral (MEB) disorders. Child flourishment and family resilience contribute to healthy family development, including the promotion of child MEB wellbeing. Identifying factors that promote child flourishment and family resilience are critical. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and parenting factors associated with family resilience and child flourishment among children aged 6–17 years with MEB disorders. This was a secondary analysis of the 2016–2017 National Survey of Children's Health. The sample consisted of parents and their children (n = 1,900, weighted n = 5,375,670). Data were weighted to be representative of the US population and analyzed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. We found that only 6.3% of children aged 6–17 with an MEB were optimally flourishing. Parental aggravation was negatively associated with child flourishment, and parental coping was positively associated with child flourishment. In total, 66.5% of families with children exhibited resilience. Parental coping and availability of parental emotional support were positively associated with family resilience. Potential interventions that leverage study findings include parent training to increase parental emotional regulation (e.g., increase frustration tolerance, coping skills) and family navigation services to increase parental support (e.g., emotional support, coping skills) through the child's treatment trajectory. Overall, this study provides evidence of a disparity in flourishment in America's youth with MEB disorders, and despite this adversity, families are resilient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pregnancy is a sensitive period of life where mental health is of utmost importance to the mother's and child's well-being peripartum and beyond. To better prevent and treat common mental health conditions such as depressive symptoms and perceived stress (defined in this study to encompass psychological and physiological (heart rate variability (HRV)) dimensions), it is crucial to examine and report differences in mental health outcomes among demographically diverse pregnant women. Therefore, the purpose of this secondary analysis (N = 79) was to determine if there are differences in mental health outcomes between pregnant women who differ across demographic factors, as well as to determine if demographic factors predict mental health outcomes when controlling for other demographic variables. Findings indicate that there were significant differences in depressive symptoms and perceived stress by all demographic factors except age. Marital status and total household income were the only significant predictors of depressive symptoms and perceived stress, respectively, when all other factors were controlled. There were no significant differences or correlations between demographic variables and HRV. Pregnant women may be predisposed to adverse mental health outcomes, illustrating the need for more refined interventions that are sensitive to pre-existing factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social and behavioral scientists increasingly use Facebook to recruit research participants. Given the everchanging social media landscape, it is important to consider the ethical principles of using such a strategy. The aims of this methodological article are to (a) examine Facebook recruitment in light of the ethical principles of the Belmont Report (respect for persons, beneficence, and justice), (b) describe ethical challenges that may be faced in Facebook recruitment, and (c) provide recommendations for researchers interested in adopting this recruitment method. Ethical challenges inherent in Facebook recruitment include selecting subjects fairly, privacy, and data security. Overall, Facebook is a beneficial resource for recruiting participants into research; however, researchers need to be aware of their responsibility in protecting human subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peripartum women are exposed to a variety of stressors that have adverse health consequences for the maternal–child dyad (e.g., impaired bonding). To combat these adverse health consequences, heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVBF) may be implemented by holistic nurses to aid peripartum women experiencing a high level of stress. A systematic review was completed using the guidelines established in the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement. To be included in the review, studies had to meet the following criteria: (a) published scientific articles, (b) studies published in English, (c) experimental, quasi-experimental, or case reports, (d) use of HRVBF as the main treatment, (e) use of psychological stress as a dependent variable, and (f) studies published until December 2017. The major findings of this review can be described as follows: (a) HRVBF and psychological stress in peripartum women are related concepts, (b) peripartum women who completed HRVBF report a reduction in stress compared with participants who did not receive HRVBF, and (c) there is currently no information on the effectiveness of HRVBF on psychological stress in the first and early second trimester of pregnancy. Overall, this systematic review of the literature provides objective evidence that HRVBF may be a potential beneficial adjuvant treatment for stress management in peripartum women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress in pregnancy is an exceedingly common issue that impacts the mother's mental health and the health of her baby. Yet, women with a supportive network of friends and family may experience lower stress and improved mental health. Therefore, the aims of this secondary analysis were to (a) examine relationships between stress experiences (i.e. perceived stress, pregnancy-specific stress) and indicators of mental health (i.e. absence of depressive symptoms and resourcefulness), (b) determine the effects of social support on stress experiences and indicators of mental health, and (c) determine if social support mediates the relationship between stress experiences and indicators of mental health. A convenience sample of 82 women in their second and third trimester of pregnancy participated in the parent study. Findings indicate that stress experiences were moderately correlated with indicators of mental health and social support predicted stress experiences and indicators of mental health. All social support mediation models were not significant with the exception of social support mediating the relationship between pregnancy-specific stress and resourcefulness. This was the first study to investigate the mediating role of social support on the relationship between pregnancy-specific stress and resourcefulness. Pregnant women may benefit from social support interventions to meaningfully reduce their stress and promote mental health. Such interventions may be physical activity, group prenatal care, or even peripartum home visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined relationships among personal and social resourcefulness and spiritual practices and their associations with perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and self-assessed health in 138 women caregivers of elders with dementia. Caregivers who rated high on personal and social resourcefulness and spiritual practices (by median splits) had the lowest perceived stress, fewest depressive symptoms, and best self-assessed health, followed in sequence by women rating high on two of the three, high on one of the three, and low on all three. Hierarchical regression analyses that introduced spiritual practices after resourcefulness showed significant increases in the R-square change by 3% and 5% for perceived stress and depressive symptoms, respectively, but no significant change for self-assessed health. Strong associations among personal and social resourcefulness and spiritual practices, and similar relationships with two health outcomes, suggest that spiritual practices may be a third dimension of resourcefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the six critical parameters for evaluating interventions, including necessity, acceptability, feasibility, safety, fidelity, and effectiveness, of a heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback training intervention in a sample of 20 grandmothers who were the primary caregivers of their grandchildren. After the grandmothers completed the HRV biofeedback training, they answered open-ended questions to provide data on the six parameters during face-to-face interviews. The findings of the study provided evidence for the necessity, acceptability, feasibility, safety, fidelity, and effectiveness of the HRV biofeedback intervention for reducing the stress experienced by grandmothers in raising their grandchildren. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Promoting active participation of families and youth in mental health systems of care is the cornerstone of creating a more inclusive, effective, and responsive care network. This article focuses on the inclusion of parent and youth voice in transforming our mental health care system to promote increased engagement at all levels of service delivery. Youth and parent peer support delivery models, digital innovation, and technology not only empower the individuals involved, but also have the potential to enhance the overall efficacy of the mental health care system., Competing Interests: Disclosure No disclosures noted for all authors., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Although adolescents make treatment gains in psychiatric residential treatment (RT), they experience significant difficulty adapting to the community and often do not sustain treatment gains long term. Their parents are often not provided with the necessary support or behaviour management skillset to bridge the gap between RT and home. Parent training, a gold standard behaviour management strategy, may be beneficial for parents of these youth and web-based parent training programmes may engage this difficult-to-reach population. This study focuses on a hybrid parent training programme that combines Parenting Wisely (PW), a web-based parent training with facilitated discussion groups (Parenting Wisely for Residential Treatment (PW RT )). This study aims to: (1) establish the feasibility and acceptability of PW RT , (2) evaluate whether PW RT engages target mechanisms (parental self-efficacy, parenting behaviours, social support, family function) and (3) determine the effects of PW RT on adolescent outcomes (internalising and externalising behaviours, placement restrictiveness)., Methods and Analysis: In this randomised control trial, parents (n=60) will be randomly assigned to PW RT or treatment as usual. Each week for 6 weeks, parents in the PW RT condition will complete two PW modules (20 min each) and attend one discussion group via Zoom (90 min). Adolescents (n=60) will not receive intervention; however, we will evaluate the feasibility of adolescent data collection for future studies. Data from parents and adolescents will be collected at baseline, post intervention (6 weeks post baseline) and 6 months post baseline to allow for a robust understanding of the longer-term effects of PW RT on treatment gain maintenance., Ethics and Dissemination: The study has been approved by The Ohio State University Institutional Review Board (protocol number 2022B0315). The outcomes of the study will be shared through presentations at both local and national conferences, publications in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to the families and organisations that helped to facilitate the project., Trial Registration Number: NCT05764369 (V.1, December 2022)., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with an increased risk of depression and intimate partner violence (IPV). Social support and partner support may help explain this association. Few researchers have focused on Chinese immigrant women, who are less likely than native-born women to seek help for mental health challenges and IPV., Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the mediation effects of social and partner support on the relationship between (a) ACEs and (b) depressive symptoms and IPV among Chinese immigrant women living in the United States., Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from 475 Chinese immigrant women recruited online. Depressive symptoms, IPV, ACEs, perceived social support, and perceived partner support were measured cross-sectionally. Mediation analyses were conducted to test the mediating role of social and partner support on the associations between ACEs and depressive symptoms and IPV., Results: Social support and partner support fully mediated the relationship between ACEs and depressive symptoms. However, partner support only partially mediated the relationship between ACEs and IPV., Discussion: ACEs indirectly affect depressive symptoms by undermining both general perceptions of support and perceived partner support. The findings of this study underscore the critical influence of a lack of partner support in mediating the effects of ACEs on Chinese immigrant women's risk of IPV. Promoting strong existing support networks, creating new support resources, and improving partner relationships are important targets for interventions to mitigate the effects of ACEs on depression and IPV in Chinese immigrant women., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to report., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: It is critically important to determine the effectiveness of an intervention before it can be translated into clinical practice. However, the future implementation and sustainability of the intervention may be diminished if other intervention parameters are not assessed. This requires obtaining feedback from intervention recipients so interventions will be perceived as appealing, relevant, meaningful and beneficial to them; otherwise recipients may be unlikely to perform them over time, resulting in unsuccessful health outcomes., Aim: To propose the addition of two intervention parameters to the existing six-parameter model and provide examples from recent research of how each parameter can be tested., Discussion: Definitions of the eight parameters are provided and methods for analysing each of them explained. While some studies show necessity, fidelity and cost have unique distinguishing characteristics, other studies indicate feasibility, acceptability and safety have common features, and efficacy and effectiveness are closely associated., Conclusion: Researchers frequently examine one or two parameters, but few simultaneously apply the six-parameter model. This model is also missing two vital parameters - efficacy and cost., Implications for Practice: Comprehensive and systematic evaluation of all eight intervention parameters is recommended before researchers begin randomised controlled trials and translate them into practice., Competing Interests: None declared, (© 2018 RCN Publishing Company Ltd. All rights reserved. Not to be copied, transmitted or recorded in any way, in whole or part, without prior permission of the publishers.)