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Elevation of serum IgE levels has long been associated with allergic diseases. Many genes have been linked to IgE production, but few have been linked to the developmental aspects of genetic association with IgE production. To clarify developmental genetic association, we investigated what genes and gene-gene interactions affect IgE levels among fetus, infancy and childhood in Taiwan individuals. A birth cohort of 571 children with completion of IgE measurements from newborn to 1.5, 3, and 6 years of age was subject to genetic association analysis on the 384-customized SNPs of 159 allergy candidate genes. Fifty-three SNPs in 37 genes on innate and adaptive immunity, and stress and response were associated with IgE production. Polymorphisms of the IL13, and the HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DQA1 were, respectively, the most significantly associated with the IgE production at newborn and 6 years of age. Analyses of gene-gene interactions indentified that the combination of NPSR1, rs324981 TT with FGF1, rs2282797 CC had the highest risk (85.7%) of IgE elevation at 1.5 years of age (P=1.46 × 10(-4)). The combination of IL13, CYFIP2 and PDE2A was significantly associated with IgE elevation at 3 years of age (P=5.98 × 10(-7)), and the combination of CLEC2D, COLEC11 and CCL2 was significantly associated with IgE elevation at 6 years of age (P=6.65 × 10(-7)). Our study showed that the genetic association profiles of the IgE production among fetus, infancy and childhood are different. Genetic markers for early prediction and prevention of allergic sensitization may rely on age-based genetic association profiles.

It remains unclear whether the GSTM1 genotype interacts with tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) in asthma development. This study aimed to investigate the interactions among GSTM1 genotype, gender, and prenatal TSE with regard to childhood asthma development. In a longitudinal birth cohort in Taiwan, 756 newborns completed a 6-year follow-up, and 591 children with DNA samples available for GSTM1 genotyping were included in the study, and the interactive influences of gender-GSTM1 genotyping prenatal TSE on childhood asthma development were analyzed. Among these 591 children, 138 (23.4%) had physician-diagnosed asthma at 6 years of age, and 347 (58.7%) were null-GSTM1. Prenatal TSE significantly increased the prevalence of childhood asthma in null-GSTM1 children relative to those with positive GSTM1. Further analysis showed that prenatal TSE significantly increased the risk of childhood asthma in girls with null-GSTM1. Furthermore, among the children without prenatal TSE, girls with null-GSTM1 had a significantly lower risk of developing childhood asthma and a lower total IgE level at 6 years of age than those with positive GSTM1. This study demonstrates that the GSTM1 null genotype presents a protective effect against asthma development in girls, but the risk of asthma development increases significantly under prenatal TSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Exposure to cow's milk protein in early infancy could lead to increased rates of allergic diseases later in life. We investigated whether feeding a protein-hydrolyzed formula (HF) in the first 6 months of life decreased allergic diseases up to 36 months later. Methods: Newborns who had at least 1 first-degree family member with a history of atopy and could not breast-feed were enrolled. They were fed with HF or cow's milk infant formula (CM) for at least 6 months via an open-label protocol and were monitored prospectively at 6, 18 and 36 months of age to assess allergy sensitization and allergic diseases. Results: A total of 1,002 infants were enrolled and 679 infants were consistently fed the same formula for the first 6 months of life (345 HF and 334 CM). The percentage of food sensitization (especially to milk protein) was significantly lower in the HF group than in the CM group at 36 months (12.7 vs. 23.4%, p = 0.048). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of aeroallergen sensitization between the groups. Occurrence of allergic diseases during the first 3 years of life was significantly correlated with aeroallergen sensitization, but not to food allergen sensitization, parental atopy or feeding types. Conclusions: Infants fed with HF during the first 6 months of life had a significantly lower percentage of sensitization to milk protein allergens, but not allergic diseases during the first 3 years of life. Avoidance of cow's milk protein alone in infancy is not enough to decrease rates of allergic diseases. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]