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Fluorocarbon (FC) films were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) plates and PET fabrics respectively by a radiofrequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a target. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology, structure and composition of the obtained FC films. The hydrophobicity and uvioresistant properties of the FC film coated fabric were studied. The results show that the FC films were successfully deposited on the PET substrates by a RF magnetron sputtering. The deposited films are made up of four components -CF3, -CF2-, CF- and -C-. The proportions of the four components and surface morphologies of the deposited films vary with the sputtering conditions. Compared with the original fabric samples, the hydrophobicity of the FC film coated fabrics is quite good and improved significantly.

An increasing number of textiles is being functionalized using magnetron sputtering. A wide spectrum of colors can be produced by coating thin films on textiles via magnetron sputtering, which reduces pollution issues by bypassing the high requirements of water, chemical dyes, and auxiliary setups of traditional textile dyeing. By covering single-layer, double-layer, or multilayer films with metal, semiconductor, or ceramic targets possessing a particular structure, composition, thickness, and morphology using the magnetron sputtering method, metallic colors or interference structural colors have been successfully produced on textile surfaces. Intelligent, decorative, and practical products use coated colors and other features. Herein, we review the research advancements in textile coloring and applications of colored textiles coated by sputtering, including the sputter deposition technique, color-generating mechanism, and principles of the color regulation of sputtered thin films. The difficulties and future directions for research on colored sputtered thin films in textiles is also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interference structural colors and excellent ultraviolet (UV) protection performance were prepared by coating SiO2/TiO2 composite multilayer film on polypropylene non-woven fabrics (PP-NW) and polyester woven fabrics (PET-W) via a magnetron sputtering method. The colors on the coated structured film of "substrate/[TiO2/SiO2]k/air" (TSk) and "substrate/[SiO2/TiO2]k/air" (STk) (k=2, 3, 4, 5) was confirmed to be the interference structural colors. The positions and numbers of the strongest reflection peaks of the reflection-reducing type of TSk film and the reflection-enhancing type of STk film were consistent with theoretical calculations. The optical properties obtained from depositing the same STk film on PP-NW and PET-W were different. The reflectivity of the STk film was greater than the TSk film. The STk-coated samples with the PET substrate have a higher reflectivity than samples with the PP substrate because of the higher refractive index of PET. The reflection-enhancing film structure and higher refractive index substrate improved the film reflectivity. This research offered a theoretical basis and practical guidance for structural coloration and functional fabrication on fabric substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single-layer film of copper and/or copper oxide was deposited on a polypropylene nonwoven fabric substrate to prepare multifunctional textiles with a metallic color appearance. The pristine uncoated nonwoven fabric was gray, the copper film-coated fabric was orange-red, and the copper oxide film-coated fabrics were dark red and dark green. With the increase of flowing oxygen, the Cu content of the film decreased and changed into Cu2O, after which it gradually changed to CuO. The color lightened as the color brightness increased, while the K/S value decreased as the CuO content increased. The hydrophobicity of the copper oxide film-coated samples slightly increased while the ultraviolet (UV) protection performance (UPF) was overall reduced as the oxygen flowing rate increased and the film thickness decreased. The copper film-coated sample exhibited momentary electrostatic attenuation, but the electrostatic elimination ability of the copper oxide film-coated samples decreased owing to the conversion of elemental Cu to Cu2O and then CuO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/objectives: Immunization with the hepatitis B vaccine is the most effective means of preventing acute HBV infection. However, whether the primary vaccination of infants confers lifelong immunity remains controversial. Therefore, the ongoing surveillance of vaccine recipients is required., Methods: A longitudinal study was carried out based on LongAn county, one of the five clinical trial centers for hepatitis B immunization in China in the 1980s. Serum samples were collected and tested for HBV serological markers and DNA., Results: A total of 637 subjects born in 1987-1993 were recruited, including 503 males and 134 females. The total prevalence of HBsAg was 3.9%. The prevalence in females (8.2%) was significantly higher than that in males (2.8%) ( p = 0.004). The prevalence of anti-HBc in females (52.2%) was also significantly higher than that in males (41.2%) ( p = 0.021). The prevalence of anti-HBs was 42.7% and did not differ significantly between males (41.7%) and females (46.3%) ( p = 0.347). Compared to data from surveillance over the last ten years, the positivity rate of HBsAg did not increase. The positivity rate of anti-HBs decreased significantly ( p = 0.049) while that of anti-HBc increased significantly ( p = 0.001). The prevalence of occult HBV infection (OBI) in 2024 (6.0%) was significantly higher than that in 2017 (1.6%) ( p = 0.045). Subjects diagnosed with OBI in 2017 maintained occult infection in 2024., Conclusions: Neonatal HBV vaccination maintained effective protection for at least 37 years. However, the prevalence of OBI increases with age in those vaccinated at birth, raising a new issue of how to prevent and control OBI in the post-universal infant vaccination era.