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The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of implicit professional identity (IPI) and its relationship with explicit professional identity (EPI) and well-being of pre-service teachers. A total of 81 Chinese female pre-service teacher volunteers participated in the study, in which their IPI, EPI, and well-being were measured using the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), the professional identification scale for pre-service teachers, and the short depression-happiness scale, respectively. The results indicated that (a) pre-service teachers had positive IPI; (b) the correlation between the measures of pre-service teachers' EPI and IPI was not significant; (c) IPI significantly predicted well-being negatively, while EPI positively predicted well-being; and (d) IPI moderated the relationship between EPI and well-being. In the weak IPI group, EPI did not significantly predict well-being; however, in the strong IPI group, EPI significantly predicted well-being positively.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of implicit professional identity (IPI) and its relationship with explicit professional identity (EPI) and well-being of pre-service teachers. A total of 81 Chinese female pre-service teacher volunteers participated in the study, in which their IPI, EPI, and well-being were measured using the Single Category Implicit Association Test (SC-IAT), the professional identification scale for pre-service teachers, and the short depression-happiness scale, respectively. The results indicated that (a) pre-service teachers had positive IPI; (b) the correlation between the measures of pre-service teachers' EPI and IPI was not significant; (c) IPI significantly predicted well-being negatively, while EPI positively predicted well-being; and (d) IPI moderated the relationship between EPI and well-being. In the weak IPI group, EPI did not significantly predict well-being; however, in the strong IPI group, EPI significantly predicted well-being positively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The present study aimed to investigate alterations in neuroinflammation after heart failure (HF) and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods: Male wild-type (WT) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-knockout (KO) mice were subjected to sham operation or ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce HF. 8 weeks later, cardiac functions were analyzed by echocardiography, and intestinal barrier functions were examined by measuring tight junction protein expression, intestinal permeability and plasma metabolite levels. Alterations in neuroinflammation in the brain were examined by measuring microglial activation, inflammatory cytokine levels and the proinflammatory signaling pathway. The intestinal barrier protector intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) and intestinal homeostasis inhibitor L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) were used to examine the relationship between intestinal barrier dysfunction and neuroinflammation in mice with HF. Results: Eight weeks later, WT mice with HF displayed obvious increases in intestinal permeability and plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, which were accompanied by elevated expression of TLR4 in the brain and enhanced neuroinflammation. Treatment with the intestinal barrier protector IAP significantly attenuated neuroinflammation after HF while effectively increasing plasma LPS levels. TLR4-KO mice showed significant improvements in HF-induced neuroinflammation, which was not markedly affected by intestinal barrier inhibitors or protectors. Conclusion: HF could induce intestinal barrier dysfunction and increase gut-to-blood translocation of LPS, which could further promote neuroinflammation through the TLR4 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: People can be categorized into one of four meaning‐in‐life profiles: High Presence High Search (HPHS), High Presence Low Search (HPLS), Low Presence High Search (LPHS), and Low Presence Low Search (LPLS).The main goal of this study is to provide a theoretical explanation for why Chinese people with different meaning‐in‐life profiles have different mental health levels than Western people, based on their emotional‐cognitive‐processing ability. Method: We adopted eye‐movement analysis and recognition‐judgment experimental paradigm concerning absolute‐recognition judgment and relative‐recognition judgment in our study. Moreover, we applied a multifactor and multilevel mixed‐experimental design. We selected 118 participants for the experiments from the 788 Chinese college students who responded. Results: Our results showed that HPHS individuals preferred positive‐emotion pictures, LPLS individuals preferred negative‐emotion pictures, HPLS individuals preferred positive‐ and neutral‐emotion pictures, and LPHS individuals preferred neutral‐emotion pictures. Moreover, HPHS individuals were better at accurately processing facial expression from pictures, while LPLS individuals lacked such ability. The fine‐processing ability of HPLS and LPHS individuals was lower than that of HPHS yet higher than that of LPLS individuals. Moreover, the features of HPLS individuals were closer to HPHS, while those of LPHS individuals were closer to LPLS. Conclusions: Our findings support the hypothesis that meaning‐in‐life profiles have different immediate processing abilities and preferences regarding facial expression recognition and different emotional‐cognitive‐processing ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to establish a method for assessing implicit meaning in life (MIL), as well as to determine the relationship between implicit MIL and explicit MIL. This study also tested the hypothesis that implicit MIL would moderate the relationship between explicit MIL and depression. The participants were 242 undergraduate university students (120 women) aged between 18 and 23 (M = 19.71, SD = 1.25) years. Implicit MIL was assessed via a standard implicit association test. In addition, participants completed the Chinese version of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Structural equation modeling and other methods were used to analyze data. The results showed that implicit MIL demonstrated good validity in the implicit association test. Implicit and explicit MIL were uncorrelated and structurally distinct. In addition, the implicit presence of meaning moderated the relationship between the explicit presence of meaning and depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 60 university students were selected as research participants based on the Chinese Student Adjustment Scale. Participants were divided into two groups: high level of social adjustment and low level of social adjustment. Then using the Go/No-go Association Task as the implicit association experimental paradigm, implicit emotions were evaluated by having participants respond to different facial expressions as quickly as possible. The group of participants with higher levels of social adjustment performed better when responding to self-concepts with positive facial expressions, compared to responding to non-self-concepts with either positive or negative facial expressions. Thus, they showed an implicit preference for processing information about self with positive emotions. The group of participants with lower levels of social adjustment did not show the same benefit when responding to self-concepts. Instead, they performed better when responding to other-related concepts with different facial expressions, irrespective of the emotional content. Thus, they manifested an implicit preference for processing information about others with different emotions, suggesting a deficiency in processing their own emotions. In addition, the results validated the objectivity of the Chinese Student Adjustment Scale as an assessment tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-service teachers with different professional identity may actively construct different subjective profession-related events based on the same objective profession-related events. To explore the priming effect among pre-service teachers with different professional identity, this study examined the effect of positive, negative, or neutral priming sentences in an individualized narration of profession-related events through a priming paradigm. Forty-two female volunteers were asked to complete positive, negative, and neutral priming sentences describing profession-related events. The results showed that, relative to those with weak professional identity, participants with strong professional identity generated a higher number of positive items when primed with different stimuli and displayed greater positive priming bias for positive and neutral stimuli. In addition, relative to those with strong professional identity, participants with weak professional identity generated a higher number of neutral and negative items when primed with positive and negative stimuli, respectively, and displayed greater negative priming bias toward negative stimuli. These results indicate that pre-service teachers with strong professional identity were likely to have established positive self-schemas involving profession-related events, which facilitated active, positive construction of such events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the mediating effects of future social expectations and interpersonal distrust on the relationship between individual relative deprivation and intention to rebel. Data were gathered from 807 people from multiple occupational backgrounds in a municipality in southwest China. Structural equation modelling showed that individual relative deprivation predicted intention to rebel directly and also that it predicted intention to rebel indirectly via negative future social expectations, interpersonal distrust, and a chain mediating effect of negative future social expectations and interpersonal distrust. These results highlight the importance of the associations between future social expectations and interpersonal distrust with intention to rebel in people who report relative deprivation. The findings also indicate that prevention and intervention programs related to relative deprivation and intention to rebel in China are worthy of further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate effects of renal denervation (RDN) on pressure overload‐induced cardiac remodelling in rats and the related mechanisms. Methods: Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent transverse aortic constriction (TAC) to generate cardiac remodelling. RDN was performed 1 week after TAC. The animals were divided into four groups: control group, TAC group, TAC+RDN group and control+RDN group. Rats in all groups were studied at 3 and 10 weeks after TAC respectively. Echocardiography and histology were used to evaluate cardiac function and pathological changes. TUNEL staining and western blotting were used to assess apoptosis. Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to evaluate autophagy. Results: Three weeks after TAC, the TAC rats exhibited cardiac hypertrophy with normal cardiac function and no myocardial interstitial fibrosis or apoptosis, accompanied by a lower LC3 II level and fewer autophagic vacuoles in the left ventricles, both in the presence and absence of chloroquine (CQ), indicating suppressed autophagy at this stage. RDN ameliorated these pathological changes and attenuated the decrease in autophagy. Ten weeks after TAC, the TAC rats had decreased cardiac function, obvious cardiac interstitial fibrosis and apoptosis, with increased autophagy. RDN prevented these pathological changes, coincident with attenuation of increased autophagy. Conclusion: Autophagy was suppressed at the early stage but activated at the late stage of TAC‐induced cardiac remodelling. RDN attenuated the pathological changes of TAC rats, accompanied by attenuation of the changes in autophagy. Thus, RDN ameliorated TAC‐induced cardiac remodelling partially associated with biphasic modulation of autophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) has been reported to improve glycemic control. This study was designed to investigate the effects of SGLT2i dapagliflozin (dapa) on cardiomyopathy induced by isoproterenol (ISO) and its potential mechanisms. Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the control (n=10) and the ISO (2.5 mg/kg/day)-treated groups (n=40). After 2 weeks, the 28 surviving rats with obvious left ventricular dysfunction in the ISO group were randomized into three medication groups, including the angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) sacubitril/valsartan group (S/V, n=9), the dapa group (n=9), and the ISO group (n=10) for 4 weeks. Next, electrical programmed stimulation was performed in all the groups to evaluate their susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Compared to the ISO rats, the dapa administration not only effectively reduced the cumulative risk of death, the myocardial fibrosis, the plasma angiotensin II levels and its functional receptor AT1R protein expressions in the heart, and the proinflammatory cytokine levels in the cardiac tissue of the ISO-treated rats, but it also improved their cardiac function and inhibited oxidative stress. These effects were similar to S/V. However, dapa showed a greater efficacy than S/V in reducing the left ventricular end-diastolic volumes, lowing the heart rates and VAs, and decreasing the body weights and plasma glucose levels. The mechanisms by which dapa exerts protective effects on cardiomyopathy may be related to its indirect antioxidant capacity and direct hypoglycemic action., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2021.)

Aims: The development of neuroinflammation deteriorates the prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to investigate the effect of renal denervation (RDN) on post-MI neuroinflammation in rats and the related mechanisms. Methods and Results: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham or ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce MI. One week later, the MI rats received a sham or RDN procedure. Their cardiac functions were analyzed by echocardiography, and their intestinal structures, permeability, and inflammatory cytokines were tested. The intestinal microbiota were characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing. The degrees of neuroinflammation in the brains of rats were analyzed for microglia activation, inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation-related signal pathways. In comparison with the Control rats, the MI rats exhibited impaired cardiac functions, intestinal injury, increased intestinal barrier permeability, and microbial dysbiosis, accompanied by increased microglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the brain. A RDN procedure dramatically decreased the levels of renal and intestinal sympathetic nerve activity, improved cardiac functions, and mitigated the MI-related intestinal injury and neuroinflammation in the brain of MI rats. Interestingly, the RDN procedure mitigated the MI-increased intestinal barrier permeability and pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasma LPS as well as ameliorated the gut microbial dysbiosis in MI rats. The protective effect of RDN was not significantly affected by treatment with intestinal alkaline phosphatase but significantly reduced by L-phenylalanine treatment in MI rats. Conclusions: RDN attenuated the neuroinflammation in the brain of MI rats, associated with mitigating the MI-related intestinal injury., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Huo, Jiang, Lyu, Zhu, Liu, Chen, Chen, Geng, Jiang and Shan.)

The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi) on the susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in rats with myocardial infarction (MI) and to explore the related mechanisms.A total of 32 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: a control group, MI group, and MI+ARNi group. MI was generated by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. ARNi was given at 68 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks after MI surgery. At 4 weeks after MI, electrical programmed stimulation (EPS) was performed in all groups for the evaluation of VAs, and echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function. Indicators of sympathetic neural remodeling and cardiac remodeling were detected to further explore the related mechanisms.Four weeks after MI, rats in the ARNi group exhibited low susceptibility of VAs in comparison with that in the MI group, which was coincident with the attenuation of sympathetic nerve remodeling, amelioration of cardiac fibrosis, and regulation of Cx43 expression.ARNi is effective in reducing VAs in rats with ischemic cardiomyopathy, which is associated with attenuating sympathetic nerve remodeling and myocardial fibrosis.

In this study, 60 university students were selected as research participants based on the Chinese Student Adjustment Scale. Participants were divided into two groups: high level of social adjustment and low level of social adjustment. Then using the Go/No-go Association Task as the implicit association experimental paradigm, implicit emotions were evaluated by having participants respond to different facial expressions as quickly as possible. The group of participants with higher levels of social adjustment performed better when responding to self-concepts with positive facial expressions, compared to responding to non-self-concepts with either positive or negative facial expressions. Thus, they showed an implicit preference for processing information about self with positive emotions. The group of participants with lower levels of social adjustment did not show the same benefit when responding to self-concepts. Instead, they performed better when responding to other-related concepts with different facial expressions, irrespective of the emotional content. Thus, they manifested an implicit preference for processing information about others with different emotions, suggesting a deficiency in processing their own emotions. In addition, the results validated the objectivity of the Chinese Student Adjustment Scale as an assessment tool.