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Extensive research efforts have been made over the last few years to proffer solution to the high recombination rate and stability issues associated with Sn-based perovskite solar cells. In line with this, we modeled cesium tin iodide (CsSnI3)–based perovskite solar cell (PSC) with titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) and copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) as the electron and hole transport materials respectively by employing one-dimensional solar cell capacitance simulator (1D-SCAPS). For the CsSnI3-based PSC, n-i-p planar configuration was employed and previously published relevant data were used for the simulation. The results obtained for the initially modeled PSC compared well with similar devices in the literature. Based on the established relationship between charge carrier lifetime and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of a solar cell, we varied defect density in the cesium tin iodide (CsSnI3) from 1013 to 1017 cm−3 and studied its influence on the performance parameters of the modeled CsSnI3-based PSC. We find that the diffusion length and lifetime of charge carriers are significantly increased with decreasing defect density of the CsSnI3 absorber. In this study, we report that it is possible to significantly reduce the dominated Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) high recombination rate occurring in CsSnI3 perovskite layer even at a low defect density of 1013 cm−3 by using a combination of SnCl2 and Br− as additive and dopant respectively for CsSnI3 enrichment. This strategy ensured a reduced concentration of Sn4+ vacancy (VSn) in the CsSnI3 absorber and an improved carrier lifetime beyond 0.05 ns as obtained for the initially modeled CsSnI3-based PSC by a magnitude of the order of 103 while the diffusion length was improved from 1.1 µm by a magnitude of the order of 102 for the enriched CsSnI3-based PSC. For the optimized CsSnI3-based PSC, we recorded an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of magnitude 1.289 V, short-circuit current density (JSC) value 32.60 mA∙cm−2, fill factor (FF) 83.56%, and PCE 35.12%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen atom is a fundamental system in quantum mechanics that has been extensively studied due to its simplicity and relevance to atomic physics. The accurate determination of the energy levels of the hydrogen atom is of paramount importance for various applications in physics and chemistry. Hence, the objective of this work is to solve the fourth-order generalized Schrodinger problem for the hydrogen atom using the Frobenius series application. Findings obtained demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency in determining the energies of the hydrogen atom, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of quantum mechanical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The α-decay preformation probabilities of superheavy nuclei are determined within the binary cluster model by using an interaction generated from a combination of a microscopic and a phenomenological interactions. The calculated α-decay half-lives are compared with the experimental data by also taking into consideration, the predicted angular momentum transfer in the decay process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We generate a hybrid potential by combining the best features of a microscopic and a phenomenological core-cluster potential and use it to analyze the spectra, B(E2) transition rates, and the exotic decays of heavy even-even nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the properties of even-even actinide nuclei using the binary cluster model. Band-mixing calculation of the Kπ = 0- negative parity bands arising from the core nucleus having two different states and with the core and cluster having different effective charges enabled a simultaneous interpretation of the electromagnetic transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A complete kinematics measurement was performed using the 6Li(3He,t) charge exchange reaction to populate 6Be at Elab = 50 MeV. Decay mode of the ground and first excited states were studied through the analysis of the energy and angular distributions of the break-up particles in the 6Be center of mass frame. Two-body decay is observed above the first excited state but not firmly assigned to a 6Be resonant state. Experimental challenges regarding the identification of true 6Be events in the excitation energy region 5 < Ex < 20 MeV are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spectra, reduced electromagnetic B(E2) transition strengths, mean-square charge radii and, for those states above the emission threshold, α-decay widths are calculated by using a local potential cluster model for the ground state Kπ = 0+ and first-excited Kπ = 0- bands of 20Ne, 44Ti, 94Mo, 104Te, and 136Te. These nuclei are all modeled as α-particles outside double-closed-shell core. The nuclear cluster-core potential is taken as a mixture of Saxon-Woods and cubed Saxon-Woods terms whose depths, radii, and diffuseness parameters are determined by the double folding Michigan-3-Yukawa potential model. Generally good agreement with experimental data is obtained without the introduction of effective charges, and predictions are made for many as yet unmeasured quantities in the two Te isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cluster-core hybrid potentials with Woods-Saxon plus cubic terms have been constructed to account for both the decay properties and positive-parity ground-state bands in 212Po, 218Rn, 222Ra, and 228Th. The hybrid potential parameters have been extracted from the real part of the double-folding interaction using the realistic Michigan-3-Yukawa (M3Y) and a complex Gaussian effective interactions. We find that both the effective interactions exhibit similar behavior in the internal region, and the agreement between our estimated results with the existing experimental data is satisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]