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1. Determination of antimicrobial resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from farm workers in broiler poultry production and assessment of antibiotic resistance awareness levels among poultry farmers in Lusaka, Zambia

Author

Mwaba Mwansa, Mercy Mukuma, Esther Mulilo, Geoffrey Kwenda, Geoffrey Mainda, Kaunda Yamba, Flavien Nsoni Bumbangi, Elizabeth Muligisa-Muonga, Nelson Phiri, Isaac Silwamba, and John Bwalya Muma

Subjects
antimicrobial resistance, poultry, ESBL E. coli, poultry farmworker, Zambia, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

The challenges posed by antibiotic-resistant pathogens have continued to increase worldwide, particularly in resource-limited countries. Human-livestock interactions are implicated in the complex AMR causal web. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four districts of Lusaka Province, Zambia to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns, ESBL production of E. coli isolated from stool samples of broiler poultry farm workers, and to assess poultry farmers' antibiotic resistance awareness. Sixty-six human stool samples were collected and processed for E. coli isolation, antibiotic resistance testing, and screened for ESBL production. In addition, 80 farmers were assessed for their level of awareness on antibiotic resistance. A total of 58 single E. coli isolates were obtained which showed high (87.9%) resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (48.3%), and ampicillin (46.8%); followed by nalidixic acid (19.0%), ciprofloxacin (12.1%), cefotaxime (8.6%) and chloramphenicol (5.2%). The prevalence of AMR E. coli was 67.2%, and 29.3% were MDR. Two (3.4%) isolates were identified to be ESBL producers, harboring the CTX-M gene. The study results also showed that broiler farmers were aware and knowledgeable of antibiotic resistance, although knowledge about its impact on human health was low. This study demonstrated the presence of resistant and ESBL producing E. coli among poultry farm workers.

Published
2023
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2. Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia

Author

Herman M. Chambaro, Michihito Sasaki, Edgar Simulundu, Isaac Silwamba, Yona Sinkala, Gabriel Gonzalez, David Squarre, Paul Fandamu, Caesar H. Lubaba, Musso Munyeme, Alikhadio Maseko, Choopa Chimvwele, Liywalii Mataa, Lynnfield E. Mooya, Andrew N. Mukubesa, Hayato Harima, Kenny L. Samui, Hetron M. Munang’andu, Martin Simuunza, King S. Nalubamba, Yongjin Qiu, Michael J. Carr, William W. Hall, Yuki Eshita, Hirofumi Sawa, and Yasuko Orba

Subjects
Reoviridae, bluetongue, bluetongue virus, serotypes, topotypes, sero-surveillance, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants with serious trade and socio-economic implications. Although the disease has been reported in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, there is currently no information on circulating serotypes and disease distribution in Zambia. Following surveillance for BT in domestic and wild ruminants in Zambia, BT virus (BTV) nucleic acid and antibodies were detected in eight of the 10 provinces of the country. About 40% (87/215) of pooled blood samples from cattle and goats were positive for BTV nucleic acid, while one hartebeest pool (1/43) was positive among wildlife samples. Sequence analysis of segment 2 revealed presence of serotypes 3, 5, 7, 12 and 15, with five nucleotypes (B, E, F, G and J) being identified. Segment 10 phylogeny showed Zambian BTV sequences clustering with Western topotype strains from South Africa, intimating likely transboundary spread of BTV in Southern Africa. Interestingly, two Zambian viruses and one isolate from Israel formed a novel clade, which we designated as Western topotype 4. The high seroprevalence (96.2%) in cattle from Lusaka and Central provinces and co-circulation of multiple serotypes showed that BT is widespread, underscoring the need for prevention and control strategies.

Published
2020
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3. Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Districts of Zambia

Author

Melai Mubanga, Frederick D. Sagamiko, Jacques Godfroid, Steward Mudenda, Bernard M. Hang’ombe, Ruth Lindizyani Mfune, John Bwalya Muma, Isaac Silwamba, and Victor Daka

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Veterinary medicine, 040301 veterinary sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, lcsh:Medicine, Zambia, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Brucella, Abortion, Article, 0403 veterinary science, Brucellosis, Bovine, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, Seroepidemiologic Studies, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, biology, seroprevalence, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:R, Zoonosis, 0402 animal and dairy science, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Brucellosis, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 040201 dairy & animal science, Antibodies, Bacterial, Cross-Sectional Studies, cattle, brucellosis, Herd, Livestock, Female, business
Abstract

Brucellosis is an infectious zoonosis that has huge economic and public health implications globally. The disease is prevalent in humans, livestock and wildlife in Sub-Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 6 May 2017 and 31 July 2020 during which 1712 sera from 175 cattle herds in five districts from Southern, Western and Eastern Provinces of Zambia were collected and screened against brucellosis. The Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and competitive Enzyme-linked Immuno Assay (c-ELISA) were used in serial testing for the detection of antibodies against Brucella species. A total of 127 animals from 37 herds tested positive, giving overall individual animal and herd-level seroprevalences of 7.53% (95% CI: 6.28–8.78%) and 21.14% (95% CI: 15.0–27.2%), respectively. Namwala district had the highest herd seroprevalence (33.9%, 95% CI: 21.6–46.1%), while Lundazi did not record any seropositivity. Comparably, Southern Province had the highest individual animal (8.97%, 95% CI: 7–11%) and herd-level (28.5%, 95% CI: 20.3–36.7%) seroprevalences, although this was not statistically significant. Within Southern Province, higher seropositivity was observed in Namwala district (OR: 8.55, CI: 2.66–27.44), among female animals (OR: 2.48, CI: 1.38–4.46) and in those aged 11 years and above (OR: 2.67, CI: 1.34–5.34) as well as in gravid cows (OR: 4.34, CI: 2.08–8.92). Seropositivity was also observed among some animals with hygromas (OR: 6.5, CI: 0.45–94.08) and those with a history of abortion (OR: 1.13, CI: 0.18–7.28) although the findings were not statistically significant. Brucella seroprevalence among traditional cattle in Zambia remains high. Control programs against bovine brucellosis must be introduced to reduce its impact on human health and animal production.

Published
2021

4. Seroprevalence of Bovine Brucellosis in Selected Districts of Zambia

Author

Melai Mubanga, Frederick D. Sagamiko, John Bwalya Muma, Bernard M. Hang’ombe, Ruth Lindizyani Mfune, Isaac Silwamba, and Jacques Godfroid

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Bovine brucellosis, Geography, medicine, Seroprevalence, biochemistry, Brucellosis, medicine.disease
Abstract

Brucellosis is an infectious zoonosis that has huge economic and public health implications globally. The disease is prevalent in humans, livestock and wildlife in Sub Saharan Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted between 6th May 2017 and 31st July 2020 during which 1712 sera from 177 cattle herds in Southern, Western and Eastern provinces of Zambia was collected and screened against brucellosis. Rose Bengal Test and c-ELISA were used in serial testing for detection of antibodies against Brucella species. Results: A total of 127 animals and 37 herds tested positive, giving an overall individual and herd seroprevalence of 7.42% (CI: 0.61-0.86) and 20.9% respectively. Namwala district recorded the highest seroprevalence (12.2%) while Lundazi had the lowest (0%). A higher seropositivity was observed among female animals (8.5%), those aged between 11 and 17 years (14.1%) and pregnant cows (13.8%). Conclusions: Brucella seroprevalence among traditional cattle in Zambia remains high. It is vital that control programmes against bovine brucellosis are introduced in order to reduce its zoonotic impact on human health and increase animal production.

Published
2020

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