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Nowadays, according to the growth of information and communication technology in society as well as the development of technologies related to data, information and knowledge, many organizations consider the importance of knowledge and ways of its acquisition, production, storage and transfer to create competitive advantage, success, and organizational survival. Measuring the position of organizational knowledge in the value chain of strategy-focused organizations is carried out through knowledge management process. This process involves the use of data and converting them into knowledge. Thus, tools such as data mining techniques are used to extract knowledge from databases. Therefore, data mining is used as a tool for the development of knowledge. Data mining is also one of the efficient tools to analyze and explore massive amounts of data in application areas. Since the current research is along with previous researches and in the same direction with its conclusion, they are generally based on library studies and questionnaire-based survey, therefore this study investigates the use of data mining techniques to develop knowledge management in organizations using library studies and review articles related to the topic. In addition, this study describes the knowledge management process and the use of data mining for the development of organizational knowledge.

Since the start of the COVID-19 global pandemic, our understanding of the underlying disease mechanism and factors associated with the disease severity has dramatically increased. A recent study investigated the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and the risk of severe COVID-19 in the United States and concluded that the risk of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19 is directly correlated with substance abuse, including opioid use disorder (OUD) and cannabis use disorder (CUD). While we found this analysis fascinating, we believe this observation may be biased due to comorbidities (such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease) confounding the direct effect of SUD on severe COVID-19 illness. To answer this question, we sought to investigate the causal relationship between substance abuse and medication-taking history (as a proxy trait for comorbidities) with the risk of COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Our Mendelian randomization analysis confirms the causal relationship between OUD and severe COVID-19 illness but suggests an inverse causal effect for cannabinoids. Considering that COVID-19 mortality is largely attributed to disturbed immune regulation, the possible modulatory impact of cannabinoids in alleviating cytokine storms merits further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Calcium kidney stones are common and recurrences are often not preventable by available empiric remedies. Their etiology is multifactorial and polygenic, and an increasing number of genes are implicated. Their identification will enable improved management. Methods: DNA from three stone‐formers in a Southampton family (UK) and two from an Italian family were analyzed independently by whole exome sequencing and selected variants were genotyped across all available members of both pedigrees. A disease variant of SLC25A25 (OMIM 608745), encoding the mitochondrial ATP‐Mg/Pi carrier 3 (APC3) was identified, and analyzed structurally and functionally with respect to its calcium‐regulated transport activity. Results: All five patients had a heterozygous dominant SLC25A25 variant (rs140777921; GRCh37.p13: chr 9 130868670 G>C; p.Gln349His; Reference Sequence NM_001006641.3). Non‐stone formers also carried the variant indicating incomplete penetrance. Modeling suggests that the variant lacks a conserved polar interaction, which may cause structural instability. Calcium‐regulated ATP transport was reduced to ~20% of the wild type, showing a large reduction in function. Conclusion: The transporter is important in regulating mitochondrial ATP production. This rare variant may increase urine lithogenicity through impaired provision of ATP for solute transport processes in the kidney, and/or for purinergic signaling. Variants found in other genes may compound this abnormality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the identification of many genetic variants contributing to human disease (the 'disease genome'), establishing reliable molecular diagnoses remain challenging in many cases. The ability to sequence the genomes of patients has been transformative, but difficulty in interpretation of voluminous genetic variation often confounds recognition of underlying causal variants. There are numerous predictors of pathogenicity for individual DNA variants, but their utility is reduced because many plausibly pathogenic variants are probably neutral. The rapidly increasing quantity and quality of information on the properties of genes suggests that gene-specific information might be useful for prediction of causal variation when used alongside variant-specific predictors of pathogenicity. The key to understanding the role of genes in disease relates in part to gene essentiality, which has recently been approximated, for example, by quantifying the degree of intolerance of individual genes to loss-of-function variation. Increasing understanding of the interplay between genetic recombination, selection and mutation and their relationship to gene essentiality suggests that gene-specific information may be useful for the interpretation of sequenced genomes. Considered alongside additional distinctive properties of the disease genome, such as the timing of the evolutionary emergence of genes and the roles of their products in protein networks, the case for using gene-specific measures to guide filtering of sequenced genomes seems strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Neurodevelopmental disorders have challenged clinical genetics for decades, with over 700 genes implicated and many whose function remains unknown. The application of whole-exome sequencing is proving pivotal in closing the genotype/phenotype gap through the discovery of new genes and variants that help to unravel the pathogenic mechanisms driving neuropathogenesis. One such discovery includes TRIO, a gene recently implicated in neurodevelopmental delay. Trio is a Dbl family guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) and a major regulator of neuronal development, controlling actin cytoskeleton dynamics by activating the GTPase Rac1. Methods Whole-exome sequencing was undertaken on a family presenting with global developmental delay, microcephaly and mild dysmorphism. Father/daughter exome analysis was performed, followed by confirmatory Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis on four individuals. Three further patients were recruited through the deciphering developmental disorders (DDD) study. Functional studies were undertaken using patient-specific Trio protein mutations. Results We identified a frameshift deletion in TRIO that segregated autosomal dominantly. By scrutinising data from DDD, we further identified three unrelated children with a similar phenotype who harboured de novo missense mutations in TRIO. Biochemical studies demonstrated that in three out of four families, the Trio mutations led to a markedly reduced Rac1 activation. Conclusions We describe an inherited global developmental delay phenotype associated with a frameshift deletion in TRIO. Additionally, we identify pathogenic de novo missense mutations in TRIO associated with the same consistent phenotype, intellectual disability, microcephaly and dysmorphism with striking digital features. We further functionally validate the importance of the GEF domain in Trio protein function. Our study demonstrates how genomic technologies are yet again proving prolific in diagnosing and advancing the understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aarskog-Scott syndrome (AAS) is a rare developmental disorder which primarily affects males and has a relative prevalence of 1 in 25,000 in the general population. AAS patients usually present with developmental complications including short stature and facial, skeletal and urogenital anomalies. The spectrum of genotype-phenotype correlations in AAS is unclear and mutations of the FGD1 gene on the proximal short arm of chromosome X account for only 20% of the incidence of the disorder. Failure to identify pathogenic variants in patients referred for FGD1 screening suggests heterogeneity underlying pathophysiology of the condition. Furthermore, overlapping features of AAS with several other developmental disorders increase the complexity of diagnosis. Cytoskeletal signaling may be involved in the pathophysiology of AAS. The FGD1 protein family has a role in activation of CDC42 (Cell Division Control protein 42 homolog) which has a core function in remodeling of extracellular matrix and the transcriptional activation of many modulators of development. Therefore, mutations in components in the EGFR1 (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 1) signaling pathway, to which CDC42 belongs, may contribute to pathophysiology. Parallel sequencing strategies (so-called next generation sequencing or high throughput sequencing) enables simultaneous production of millions of sequencing reads that enormously facilitate cost-effective identification of cryptic mutations in heterogeneous monogenic disorders. Here we review the source of phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity in the context of AAS and discuss the applicability of next generation sequencing for identification of novel mutations underlying AAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the scores of the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II and a modified APACHE II system (MAS), without parameters of biochemical tests; and to find prognostic value of individual elements of the APACHE II and MAS in predicting outcomes in organophosphate (OP) poisoning. Data were collected from 131 patients. The median (25th-75th percentiles) of APACHE II score for survivors without intubation were found to be lower than those of non survivors or survivors with intubation and ventilation, [4 (1-7); versus 17.5 (7.8-29), and 13.5 (7.8-16.3)]. Logistic regression analysis identified white blood cell (WBC), potassium, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), age and sodium in APACHE II; GCS and mean arterial pressure in MAS system as prognostically valuable. There was no statistically significance difference between APACHE II and MAS scores in terms of area under Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve [(0.902, 95% confidence interval: (0.837-0.947) for APACHE II), and (0.892, 95% confidence interval: (0.826-0.940) for MAS); P = 0.74) to predict need for intubation. It is concluded usage of MAS facilitates the prognostication of the OP poisoned patients due to simplicity, less time-consuming and effectiveness in an emergency situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Goal programming as a well known technique has been widely used for solving multi objective decision making problems. However, in some practical cases, there may exist situations where the decision maker is interested in setting multi aspiration levels for objectives that may not be expressed in a precise manner. In this paper, a novel formulation of fuzzy multi-choice goal programming (FMCGP) is presented. The proposed approach not only improves the applicability of goal programming in real world situations but also provides useful insight about the solution of a new class of problems. To illustrate and clarify the proposed approach, a numerical example is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) improves patients' Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) compared to before surgery. However, based on our knowledge, the improvement in HRQoL after TKA, which depends on various factors, has yet to be investigated compared to healthy people. This study aimed to evaluate the HRQoL of patients compared to healthy people and the factors affecting the HRQoL after TKA. In this matched case-control study (1002 participants), HRQoL in 501 patients who underwent TKA between 2015 and 2022 at Shafa Yahyainan Hospital affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences were compared with 501 healthy controls. HRQoL was evaluated in two parts (before compared to 12 months after TKA and 12 months after TKA compared to the healthy population). The 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) was used to evaluate HRQoL 12 months after surgery. The influencing factors on HRQoL were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. No significant difference was observed in the demographic characteristics of the participants in the two groups. The mean overall SF-36 score, 12 months after surgery, significantly improved compared to before surgery (64.21 ± 22.2 vs. 37.55 ± 15.13, p:0.001). The mean total score of SF-36 was statistically similar between the case and control groups (64.21 ± 22.2 VS 72.53 ± 25.3). The multivariate analysis showed that sex, BMI, number of comorbidities, postoperative compliance, and complications were significantly related to the decrease in patients' HRQoL (P < 0.001).TKA can improve the HRQoL except for two subscales of happiness/vitality and physical performance, similar to the healthy population. Female gender, obesity and overweight, comorbidity, bilateral TKA, non-adherence to postoperative physiotherapy, and complications were associated with decreased HRQoL., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Neglected knee dislocations are rare and challenging orthopedic injuries. We report using a traction pin to treat a neglected knee dislocation and a concurrent infection. Following the primary reduction with extensive soft-tissue release, a proximal tibial traction pin was used to obtain complete reduction via traction weight change.‎ No ligamentous repair was done for the patient. The patient's one-year follow-up showed an acceptable radiographic reduction supported by satisfactory clinical outcomes. In conclusion, the proximal tibial traction pin could be a good alternative for treating neglected knee dislocations. It makes future knee replacements more practical, a significant concern in such patients. Meanwhile, it is much more affordable than the other available techniques., Competing Interests: None, (2024 © BY THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY.)

Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.

Case: In this report, we present a case of acute patellar dislocation with both vertical and longitudinal rotation of the patella. As a result of rotation in the longitudinal axis, the articular surface of the patella faced outward, and the dorsal surface faced the femoral condyle. The patient underwent open reduction. One year after open reduction and soft-tissue repair, the patient had acceptable knee function and no knee pain., Conclusion: This case shows how similar cases may be treated with an open reduction to properly address the patellar dislocation., Competing Interests: Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (http://links.lww.com/JBJSCC/C173)., (Copyright © 2023 by The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Incorporated.)

Background: Traditionally, the size of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components is predicted by preoperative radiographic templating, which is of limited accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of demographic data and ankle volume in predicting implant size in TKA candidates., Methods: In a retrospective study, 415 patients who underwent TKA at a single institution were included. The mean age of the patients was 67.5 ± 7.1 years. The mean BMI of the patients was 31.1 ± 4.7 kg/m 2 . TKA implants were Zimmer Biomet NexGen LPS-Flex Knee in all cases. The demographic data included age, sex, height, weight, BMI, ethnicity, and ankle volume. Ankle volume was assessed with the figure-of-eight method. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used for predicting factors of implant size., Results: Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the Sex (β:1.41, P < 0.001), height (β:0.058, P < 0.001), ankle volume (β:0.11, P < 0.001), and Age (β:0.017, P = 0.004) were significant predictors of tibial component size. Sex (β:0.89, P < 0.001), height (β:0.035, P < 0.001), and ankle volume(β:0.091, P < 0.001) were significant predictors of femoral component size in the multivariate analysis., Conclusion: Demographic data, adjunct with the ankle volume, could provide a promising model for preoperative prediction of the size of tibial and femoral components in TKA candidates., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: During the posteromedial approach to the tibial plateau fracture (TPF), pes anserine is generally retracted. However, pes anserine detachment could provide a better fracture site exposure. Even so, the general conception is that the latter could negatively affect flexor muscle strength. We aimed to evaluate the effect of pes anserine detachment on the flexion force and functional outcomes of TPF with posteromedial involvement., Methods: In this retrospective-prospective cohort study, 22 TPF patients with Schatzker type IV who were managed with posteromedial approach and pes anserine detachment were included. The knee flexion force was measured 12 months after the surgery at several angles of flexion (30°, 60°, and 90°) and rotations (internal and external). The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were used to assess knee function. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to measure knee pain., Results: The mean strength of the knee flexor muscle was not statistically different between the involved and non-involved sides at 30°, 60°, and 90° knee flexion, and also at the internal and external rotation. The mean IKDC score of the patients was 81.6 ± 7.8. The mean KOOS score of the patients was 82.2 ± 9.1. The mean VAS for pain was 2.4 ± 1.8. The mean knee range of motion was 124 ± 10.5°., Conclusion: Pes anserine release and re-attachment in the posteromedial approach to the TPF has no detrimental effect on the flexion muscle strength and knee function., Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.)

Gastrointestinal malignancies are the most prevalent type of cancer around the world. Even though numerous studies have evaluated gastrointestinal malignancies, the actual underlying mechanism is still unknown. These tumors have a poor prognosis and are frequently discovered at an advanced stage. Globally, there is an increase in the incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal malignancies, including those of the stomach, esophagus, colon, liver, and pancreas. Growth factors and cytokines are signaling molecules that are part of the tumor microenvironment and play a significant role in the development and spread of malignancies. IFN-γ induce its effects by activation of intracellular molecular networks. The main pathway involved in IFN-γ signaling is the JAK/STAT pathway, which regulates the transcription of hundreds of genes and mediates various biological responses. IFN-γ receptor is composed of two IFN-γR1 chains and two IFN-γR2 chains. Binding to IFN-γ, causes the intracellular domains of IFN-γR2 to oligomerize and transphosphorylate with IFN-γR1 which activates downstream signaling components: JAK1 and JAK2. These activated JAKs phosphorylate the receptor, creating binding sites for STAT1. STAT1 is then phosphorylated by JAK, resulting in the formation of STAT1 homodimers (gamma activated factors or GAFs) that translocate to the nucleus and regulate gene expression. The balance between positive and negative regulation of this pathway is crucial for immune responses and tumorigenesis. In this paper, we evaluate the dynamic roles of IFN- γ and its receptors in gastrointestinal cancers and present evidence that inhibiting IFN- γ signaling may be an effective treatment strategy., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest This statement is to confirm that all authors have seen and approved the submitted manuscript entitled “The Role of Interferon-gamma and Its Receptors in Gastrointestinal Cancers”. We would like to mention that none of the authors have any competing interests in the manuscript. We hope that our manuscript is appropriate for publication in your journal. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)

Background: Individual variability in the length and thickness of hamstring tendon autografts is a serious drawback in using these tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation between the anthropometric parameters and the size of hamstring tendon autografts., Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 52 male ACLR candidates were included. The length of semitendinosus and gracilis tendons and the diameter of single, doubled, and quadrupled tendons were measured. A graft sizing block device with an incremental size change of 0.5 mm (range 4.5-12) was used to measure the tendon graft diameter. The evaluated anthropometric parameters included age, gender, height, weight, BMI, thigh length and diameter, calf length, thigh-to-calf ratio, wrist diameter, and ankle diameter. A Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient test was used for evaluating the correlation of anthropometric factors with graft characteristics., Results: The mean age of the patients was 27.1 ± 6.4 years. The semitendinosus length was significantly correlated with the patient's height (r = 0.373, P = 0.007), thigh length (r = 0.364, P = 0.009), and calf length (r = 0.340, P = 0.015). The gracilis length was significantly correlated with thigh length (r = 0.278, P = 0.049). The mean quadruple diameter was 8.56 ± 1.15 mm (range 6.5-11). The quadruple diameter was significantly correlated with the thigh length (r = 0.283, P = 0.044). No other significant correlation was found between the tendons' size and evaluated anthropometric parameters., Conclusion: Thigh length was correlated with the semitendinosus length, gracilis length, and quadruple diameter. Therefore, it could be regarded as the most consistent and promising anthropometric factor in the prediction of hamstring autograft size., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2023 Iran University of Medical Sciences.)

Objectives: Many surgeons avoid performing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) due to various concerns. Cohort studies showing the satisfactory outcomes of UKA can convince surgeons to use this technique. In this study, we report the mid-term outcomes of UKA in a series of patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis., Methods: Seventeen patients with unicompartmental degenerative joint disease of the knee that underwent UKA and were available for final evaluation were included. The mean age of the patients was 63 ± 5.1 years. The mean follow-up of the patients was 37.2 ± 18.3 months. The outcome measures were the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Knee Society Score (KSS) for knee score and knee function, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), knee range of motion (ROM), and satisfaction rate on a 5-point Likert scale., Results: In the last follow-up visit, the mean of OKS and knee score section of the KSS were 44.6 ± 3.2 and 83.8 ± 2.1, respectively. The mean knee function section of the KSS was measured at 98.2 ± 7.2. The mean KOOS score and the mean knee ROM were 84 ± 9.4 and 134.4 ± 7º, respectively. The mean VAS for pain was 8.9 ± 1.1 (range 8-10) before the operation and 1.2 ± 0.8 (range 0-2) at the last follow-up. All the patients were very satisfied (n=14) or satisfied (n=3) with the results. No postoperative complication or reoperation was recorded during the follow-up., Conclusion: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty provides satisfactory outcomes and a high survival rate, at least in mid-term follow-up. These findings suggest increased use of UKA in future workups., Competing Interests: None

Background: The impact of periarticular corticosteroid injection for pain control after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is controversial. The present study aimed to investigate this controversy in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA)., Methods: A total of 42 THA and 42 TKA patients were included in this study. The patients of each group were randomly allocated into group A (cocktail+Depo-Medrol) and group B (cocktail alone). The outcome measures were a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain at five different time points for both THA and TKA, as well as the knee range of motion (ROM) and straight leg raise (SLR) for the TKA group only. Patients were followed for three months to observe infection, wound complications, and any venous thromboembolic event., Results: In the THA group, the preoperative VAS, 12, 24, 48, and 72h postoperative VAS were not statistically different between groups A and B ( P=0.49 , P=0.5 , P=0.96 , P=0.15 , and P=0.11 , respectively). In the TKA group, the preoperative VAS, 12, 24 48h, and 72h postoperative VAS were not statistically different between groups A and B ( P=1.0 , P=0.47 , P=0.82 , P=0.92 , P=0.5 , respectively). The mean scores of knee range of motion and ability to perform SLR were not significantly different between TKA patients in the steroid and non-steroid groups ( P=0.18 and P=0.58 , respectively). The only observed complication was one surgical site infection in the non-steroid group of the TKA., Conclusion: The obtained results did not support the benefit of including a steroid (Depo-Medrol) in the periarticular injection cocktail for pain control after the THA and TKA., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflict of interest concerning the materials or methods used in this study or the findings specified in this paper., (2022 © BY THE ARCHIVES OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY.)

Background: A higher mortality and morbidity rate has been reported in COVID-19 patients undergoing surgery. To reduce the morbidity and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients undergoing orthopedic procedures, we aimed to increase the threshold for surgical planning., Methods: In a prospective cohort study, COVID-19 patients who underwent elective or emergent orthopedic surgery in three orthopedic surgery centers from February 2020 to September 2020 were included. In this period, 6751 patients were scheduled for orthopedic surgery. To increase surgical threshold planning, all patients with grade 5 of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification and patients with COVID-19 related moderate to severe pulmonary involvement were identified as high-risk patients and were excluded., Results: 35 deaths occurred during the study. The frequency of deaths was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19, 6 (9.4%) than patients without COVID-19, 29 (0. 43%). The average hospitalization stay was 12.8 ± 12.1 days. The odds ratio (OR) for death was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than patients without COVID-19. [OR: 8.13, Confidence interval 95% (CI95%) (5.02-11.25), P: 0.001]. Four (6.3%) COVID-19-associated complications were recorded in this series that all were respiratory failure requiring unexpected postoperative ventilation. Twenty surgical complications (31.3%) were recorded. The odds ratio for ICU admission was significantly higher in patients with COVID-19 than patients without COVID-19. [OR: 5.46, CI 95% (2.68-8.68), P: 0.001]., Conclusions: An increased threshold for orthopedic surgery is suggested for COVID-19 patients with a mortality rate of 9.3%, which is less than the mortality rate in other studies. Level of evidence III., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: postoperative shivering is a common complication of various surgical, so far no acceptable theory has been presented on the prevention of it. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous injection of dexmedetomidine, ondansetron, and pethidine on postoperative shivering among patients under abdominal surgery., Materials and Methods: In a double-blind clinical trial study, 128 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were selected and randomly divided into four groups of 32. In the 4 groups, 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine, 0.5 mg/kg pethidine, 0.1 mg/kg ondansetron, and the same volume of normal saline were injected intravenously when anesthetics were discontinued and the incidence and severity of postoperative shivering were determined and compared in four groups., Results: The incidence of postoperative shivering was 12.5% in the dexmedetomidine group, 31.3% in the ondansetron group, 31.3% in the pethidine group, and 50% in the control group ( P = 0.015). The mean of shivering severity in the four groups was 1.33 ± 0.5, 0.17 ± 0.8, 1.09 ± 0.4, and 1.13 ± 0.39, and the difference between the four groups was significant ( P = 0.005)., Conclusion: The use of all three drugs of dexmedetomidine, ondansetron, and pethidine is effective in decreasing the incidence of postoperative shivering, but the use of dexmedetomidine is associated with less postoperative shivering, better hemodynamic stability, and fewer other postoperative complications., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Advanced Biomedical Research.)

Background: Although infections following arthroscopic surgery of cruciate ligament and meniscus are uncommon, they have potentially serious consequences for the graft and articular cartilage. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of correct sampling and appropriate media, especially resin-containing media, for the detection of infections in patients receiving antibiotics under suspicion of joint infection after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and meniscal surgery. In such cases, proper sampling and the use of suitable culture media that cause the neutralization of antibiotics are very effective in isolating microorganisms from the patient samples and positive cultures., Methods: In total, 10 patients who had received antibiotics with suspected knee infection after arthroscopic ACL and meniscal surgery were identified after referral to surgeons during a period of 10 months and investigated in this study. The sample collection, culture on various media (i.e., resin-containing culture media), microbiological tests, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed in this study. The amplification of the mecA gene using PCR assay was accomplished for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus strains., Results: This study was conducted on 10 patients who underwent arthroscopic procedures and had received antibiotics. Overall, joint fluid and tissue culture were positive in 60% of the patients. The resin-containing media revealed a trend toward increased detection of bacteria. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus strains were the most frequently isolated bacteria in arthroscopic ACL surgery infections. Out of five methicillin-resistant staphylococcus strains, four strains were found that were resistant to cefoxitin and positive-mecA designated as methicillin-resistant strains. Except for one case, the rest of the staphylococcal strains were resistant to methicillin but susceptible to vancomycin., Conclusion: Despite uncommon and low percentage of infections after arthroscopic ACL and meniscal surgery, the results of our study showed that correct sampling, appropriate cultures, especially aerobic and anaerobic resin-containing media, and microbiological testing remained useful and valuable for diagnosing bacterial infections., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Background: Accurate and rapid identification of microorganisms causing periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) are necessary for choosing an appropriate antibiotic therapy. Therefore, molecular techniques are suggested for diagnosis in suspected PJIs. The Broad-range PCR and High-Resolution Melt Analysis (HRMA) were evaluated for the identification of causative organisms of PJIs in this study., Results: For 47 of 63 specimens, both the culture and broad-range PCR were positive. The culture was found to be able of organism's detection in 74.6% (47/63) of patients. Of 47 positive cultures, 11 (23.4%) were polymicrobial and 36 (76.59%) were monomicrobial cultures, in which 34 (91.89%) cases were detected by HRM assay. The sensitivity, specificity of HRMA vs monomicrobial culture were 91.89, 93.75%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity of total HRMA (mono + poly) vs culture were 82.92, 93.75%., Conclusions: HRM assay coupled with broad-range PCR are effective screening, rapid, and relatively cost-effective methods for discrimination of PJIs especially in aiding culture method. Using computer programs such as the Matlab-2018b program for HRM data analysis is also valuable and helpful in diagnosis.