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The aim of this substudy of the EXAMINATION-EXTEND was to analyze 10-year outcomes according to the patient's age at the time of the first ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Of 1,498 patients with STEMI included in the EXAMINATION-EXTEND study, those with a previous history of coronary ischemic even or ischemic stroke were excluded from this analysis. The remaining 1,375 patients were divided into 4 age groups: 75 years. The primary end point was 10-year patient-oriented composite end point (POCE) of all-cause death, any MI, or any revascularization. At 10-year follow-up, patients aged 75 years, led by a lower incidence of all-cause death (75 years: 61.6%, p = 0.001). Cardiac death was more prevalent in the older group (75 years: 35.5%, p = 0.001). In the landmark analyses, between 5- and 10-year follow-up, young patients exhibited a higher incidence of any revascularization (65 years: 1.6%, p = 0.001). In conclusion, in patients with a first STEMI, advanced age was associated with high rates of POCE at 10-year follow-up due to all-cause and cardiac death. Conversely, younger patients exhibited a high risk of revascularization at long-term follow-up.

Introduction and objectives: The final diagnosis of a myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is often hard to achieve. Angiographic findings may be suggestive of the presence of unstable plaques although it is common to discharge patients without an etiologic diagnosis. The high spatial resolution provided by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows the detection of vulnerable and unstable coronary plaques that are prone to rupture, erosion, and thrombi which may lead to more targeted individual therapies. The objective of this study is to assess the utility of OCT when achieving an etiologic diagnosis in selected patients with MINOCA and high clinical suspicion of atherosclerotic etiology. Methods: Registry of 27 patients recruited between September 2015 and January 2020 admitted to a single tertiary hospital with acute coronary syndrome and non-significant stenosis in the coronary angiography who underwent OCT. The baseline data of the study population, the angiographic and OCT findings, treatment and follow-up information were all collected. Results: The OCT imaging showed evidence of unstable plaques (thrombus, plaque erosion or plaque rupture) in 78% of patients, which lead to an etiologic diagnosis of MINOCA. Patients were predominantly males (89%), smokers (63%), middle-aged (median 53 years old) and with a low cardiovascular risk burden. The left anterior descending coronary artery was the most frequently compromised vessel (74%) and 95% of patients ended up receiving coronary stents. The mid-term follow-up was excellent. Conclusions: In our study, OCT imaging proved to be a valuable tool to achieve an etiologic diagnosis in a large proportion of selected patients with MINOCA which, as a result could lead to more specific and individualized treatments.

espanolIntroduccion y objetivos: A menudo resulta complejo diagnosticar a pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio y estenosis coronarias no significativas en la coronariografia (MINOCA). En ocasiones, la angiografia muestra datos sugestivos de placa inestable, aunque no es infrecuente que estos pacientes acaben sin un diagnostico etiologico. La tomografia de coherencia optica (OCT) permite detectar placas vulnerables e inestables con rotura, erosion o trombo gracias a su elevada resolucion espacial, lo que podria implicar un cambio en el manejo de estos pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio es valorar la utilidad de la OCT para alcanzar un diagnostico final en casos seleccionados de MINOCA con alta sospecha de etiologia ateroesclerotica. Metodos: Registro de 27 pacientes desde septiembre de 2015 hasta enero de 2020 en los que se indica OCT en el contexto de sindrome coronario agudo y estenosis Resultados: La OCT evidencio la presencia de placa inestable con trombo, rotura de placa o erosion de placa en el 78% de los pacientes como causa del MINOCA. Los pacientes fueron predominantemente varones (89%), fumadores (63%), de mediana edad (53 anos de mediana), con poca carga de factores de riesgo y afectacion principalmente de la descendente anterior (74%). El 95% de los casos en que se detecto placa inestable fueron tratados con stent. La evolucion a medio plazo fue excelente. Conclusiones: En nuestra serie de pacientes con MINOCA y alta sospecha de causa ateroesclerotica, la OCT resulto ser una tecnica util para identificar la etiologia de la mayoria de ellos, lo que permitio adoptar una estrategia terapeutica mas especifica. EnglishIntroduction and objectives: The final diagnosis of a myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is often hard to achieve. Angiographic findings may be suggestive of the presence of unstable plaques although it is common to discharge patients without an etiologic diagnosis. The high spatial resolution provided by the optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows the detection of vulnerable and unstable coronary plaques that are prone to rupture, erosion, and thrombi which may lead to more targeted individual therapies. The objective of this study is to assess the utility of OCT when achieving an etiologic diagnosis in selected patients with MINOCA and high clinical suspicion of atherosclerotic etiology. Methods: Registry of 27 patients recruited between September 2015 and January 2020 admitted to a single tertiary hospital with acute coronary syndrome and non-significant stenosis in the coronary angiography who underwent OCT. The baseline data of the study population, the angiographic and OCT findings, treatment and follow-up information were all collected. Results: The OCT imaging showed evidence of unstable plaques (thrombus, plaque erosion or plaque rupture) in 78% of patients, which lead to an etiologic diagnosis of MINOCA. Patients were predominantly males (89%), smokers (63%), middle-aged (median 53 years old) and with a low cardiovascular risk burden. The left anterior descending coronary artery was the most frequently compromised vessel (74%) and 95% of patients ended up receiving coronary stents. The mid-term follow-up was excellent. Conclusions: In our study, OCT imaging proved to be a valuable tool to achieve an etiologic diagnosis in a large proportion of selected patients with MINOCA which, as a result could lead to more specific and individualized treatments.

BACKGROUND Outcomes data for a durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stent (EES) at extended long-term follow-up in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) are unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the 10-year outcomes of patients enrolled in the EXAMINATION (A Clinical Evaluation of Everolimus Eluting Coronary Stents in the Treatment of Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction) trial. METHODS The EXAMINATION-EXTEND (10-Years Follow-Up of the EXAMINATION Trial) study is an investigator-driven 10-year follow-up of the EXAMINATION trial, which randomly assigned 1,498 patients with STEMI in a 1:1 ratio to receive either EES (n = 751) or bare-metal stents (n = 747). The primary endpoint was a patient-oriented composite endpoint of all-cause death, any myocardial infarction, or any revascularization. Secondary endpoints included a device-oriented composite endpoint of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization; the individual components of the combined endpoints; and stent thrombosis. RESULTS Complete 10-year clinical follow-up was obtained in 94.5% of the EES group and 95.9% of the bare-metal stent group. Rates of the patient-oriented composite endpoint and device-oriented composite endpoint were significantly reduced in the EES group (32.4% vs. 38.0% [hazard ratio: 0.81; 95% confidence interval: 0.68 to 0.96; p = 0.013] and 13.6% vs. 18.4% [hazard ratio: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.55 to 0.93; p = 0.012], respectively), driven mainly by target lesion revascularization (5.7% vs. 8.8%; p = 0.018). The rate of definite stent thrombosis was similar in both groups (2.2% vs. 2.5%; p = 0.590). No differences were found between the groups in terms of target lesion revascularization (1.4% vs. 1.3%; p = 0.963) and definite or probable stent thrombosis (0.6% vs. 0.4%; p = 0.703) between 5 and 10 years. CONCLUSIONS At 10-year follow-up, EES demonstrated confirmed superiority in combined patient- and device-oriented composite endpoints compared with bare-metal stents in patients with STEMI requiring primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Between 5- and 10-year follow-up, a low incidence of adverse cardiovascular events related to device failure was found in both groups. (10-Years Follow-Up of the EXAMINATION Trial; NCT04462315) (c) 2021 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation.