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Introduction: Urban resilience is suffering from the challenges of climate change. The increasing volatility of climate change and its impact on urban resilience necessitates a deeper understanding of how internal organizational behaviors can contribute toward sustainable city development. Pro-environmental behavior is one of the important methods of affecting climate change and enhancing urban resilience. This study investigates how employee participation in corporate social responsibility activities promotes pro-environmental behavior and its mechanism. Methods: This research was conducted an online survey of 262 employees from 22 industries in mainland China. To mitigate the bias arising from self-reported assessments by the employees, the data were collected at two time points. Results: Empirical research reveals that employee participation in corporate social responsibility is positively related to employee pro-environmental behavior; these empirical findings not only support how psychological ownership mediates the link between corporate social responsibility participation and pro-environmental behavior but also indicate how employee engagement acts as an intermediary mechanism in enhancing this positive association. Moreover, the chain mediation effect of psychological ownership and employee engagement in the positive link between corporate social responsibility participation and pro-environmental behavior is found to be significant. Discussion: These findings not only enrich the effects of the mechanism of corporate social responsibility participation on employee behavior by introducing new theoretical perspectives but also deepen understanding of the antecedents promoting employee pro-environmental behavior, thereby contributing to the improvement of urban resilience in the face of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid progress of urbanization in China, the real estate industry, characterized by a long industrial chain, has become a pillar industry for economic development. Therefore, we inspect the nexus between land finance, housing prices, and economic growth. For this purpose, we use the panel data of 277 cities at the prefecture level or above in China from 2011 to 2019, and empirically examine it by using the Panel Vector Auto Regression (PVAR) model. The results show that there is a causal relationship between housing prices and economic growth. Housing prices promote economic growth in the short term and inhibit it in the long term. Both economic growth and housing prices have a significant impact on land finance. The economic growth show a significantly positive impact, while housing prices promote land finance in the short term with a long-term trend from positive to negative. This is the first study that tries to probe the relationship between urban housing prices, land finance, and economic growth by considering 277 prefecture-level and above cities in China. To promote the stable development of the regional economy, local governments need to overcome their dependence on the housing market and land finance and promote the healthy development of the housing market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate change is becoming an increasingly serious issue. China, the largest carbon emitter, has a long way towards its sustainable development goals (SDGs) and take on its carbon reduction responsibility, especially in the industrial sector. In this vein, industrial intelligence, a key driver in the "Industry 4.0 era", offers an opportunity in this carbon reduction campaign. This paper seeks to examine the influences of industrial intelligence on carbon emissions, their heterogeneous characteristics and transmission mechanisms, and the moderating role of human capital. Therefore, we properly probed theoretical aspects, and then we used China's provincial data from 2006 to 2019 and a number of tests, namely the fixed effect model, the two‐stage test, and the moderating effect model, to test the relevant assumptions. We first unfolded that industrial intelligence can significantly mitigate carbon emissions. Specifically, the heterogeneous analysis found that carbon reduction efforts are more pronounced in China's central and western regions and resource‐based regions. We further highlight the mechanism identification, which reveals that industrial structure upgrading and technological innovation are the main channels for industrial intelligence to abate CO2 emissions. Importantly, we pinpoint the role of human capital, which positively moderates the relationship between industrial intelligence and carbon emissions and can well amplify the industrial structure effect of industrial intelligence. These results are conducive to accurately assessing the environmental benefits of industrial intelligence and providing policy enlightenment for China to alleviate carbon emissions, and they will also offer a reference for other developing countries to learn from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the facts that numerous regions with initially similar economic conditions end up with different levels of entrepreneurial agglomeration, this paper constructs a model assuming that the sequential entrants make their career choices based on existing entrepreneurial ratio and describing the dynamics of entrepreneurial agglomeration formation. After mathematical analysis and numerical simulation using NetLogo, it is found that under social selection, a nonlinear Polya process with self-reinforcing and path-dependency characters will emerge, and the repeated entrants' career choices will lead to the agglomeration of entrepreneurship; the agent's risk compensation value, the initial population of agents, the number of role models in the early stage and the initial entrepreneurial ratio are determinants to the formation of entrepreneurial agglomeration. The findings confirm that entrepreneurship has "memory" and the entrepreneurial history could have influence on the future. In order to forge the entrepreneurial agglomeration, our suggestions include exerting influence on the determinants from an early age, and improving the individual's risk-taking abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economy's improvement through industrial success is also leading to environmental problems such as the production of greenhouse gases and other chemicals. Since global warming has caught the attention of researchers and authorities, environmental issues are receiving more attention. In this vein, the pressure of sustainable development goals explains the status of corporate sustainable development. Particularly, corporate green practices including green innovation and green total factor productivity have become hot topics. Therefore, how green innovation can be beneficial to green total factor productivity is a major point of concern in this study. For that, corporate factors such as the role of board capital are a new light for developing green innovation. Moreover, this study also takes the competition factor into account for green innovation. This study considers agency theory and the Porter hypothesis as the theoretical base, and the results give distinctive conclusions by using fixed effects, generalized moments methods, and feasible generalized least squares on Chinese manufacturing corporations from 2011 to 2020. After a series of tests, we highlight the benefits of board capital, particularly human capital and social capital, that help to produce firm green innovation. Additionally, we explain that market competition compels corporations to make green innovations. Further, we importantly show that market competitiveness plays a critical role in fostering relationships between green innovation and board capital. It is crucial to note that by enhancing green innovation, the goal of green total factor production can be reached. These findings shed light on the imperative environmental concerns and can be a good example for authorities and governments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

White pollution has become a global problem. China issued a strict plastic ban but fell into an awkward position. Despite the increasing environmental awareness, the positive attitude of consumers toward using reusable bags instead of plastic bags is difficult to reflect on from their behavior. This article bridges this gap by utilizing a consumer behavior framework based on the behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) and the attitude-behavior-context (ABC) model. This framework is tested using structural equation modeling with 481 Chinese consumers. This article confirms that the value has a significant impact on consumer attitudes. Meanwhile, the article reveals the positive influence of “reasons for” in predicting attitudes and the negative influence of “reasons against” in predicting intentions. Reusable bag consumption behavior is a result of multiple pathways working together, which causes the gap between attitudes and behaviors. This article also confirms the moderating role of the Chinese face and the enforcement of the plastic ban in influencing behavior. These findings offer interesting insights for enterprises and governments to solve the problem of plastic consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking cities at prefecture-level and above in China as the research object, we theoretically analyze the e􀀀ects of land finance on housing prices and economic growth as well as the e􀀀ects of housing prices on economic growth, consider themediating role of housing prices, and construct a random-e􀀀ects model of land finance a􀀀ecting economic growth. It is of great significance to make rational use of land finance to promote the economic development and formulate the "city specific policies" plan for the real estate market. The 278 resource-based cities with relatively well-developed land and real estate markets in China are selected to test the mediating e􀀀ect of housing prices on land finance a􀀀ecting economic growth in resource-based cities by type based on panel data from 2011-2019. The results show that (1) land finance significantly and positively a􀀀ects economic growth and housing prices in cities at the prefecture-level and above nationwide, but there is some variability in the degree of influence. The central region has the smallest impact on economic growth but the largest impact on housing prices; the eastern region has the deepest impact on economic growth; and the western region has the smallest impact on housing prices. (2) In the national sample cities and cities in the northeast region, housing prices have a significant partial mediating e􀀀ect at the 1% level on economic growth a􀀀ected by land finance, accounting for 22.03 and 2.84%, respectively. The mediating e􀀀ect of urban housing prices on land finance a􀀀ects economic growth in the eastern, central, and western regions is not significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the environmental dynamics in the Union for Mediterranean (UFM) countries by considering education, urbanization, green innovation, and other key factors for the period 2001–2016. The data are divided based on the income level of UFM countries and analyzed with panel quantile regression, panel unit root tests, panel co-integration test, ordinary least squares method, and fixed effects model to evaluate the nexus between variables. A generalized method of moments (GMM) is employed to deal with the endogeneity issue in the panel data. The results of the study confirm that the urban population has an inverted U-shaped association with environmental degradation in the lower-middle and high-middle income countries. It further comes out that increased education levels decrease environmental degradation in the high-income countries. Hence, green innovation reduces environmental degradation in the upper-middle-income and high-middle-income countries. The study validates an inverted U-shaped relationship between GDP and environmental degradation in all income-based groups of countries, which supports the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The published funding statement is inaccurate. The correct funding statement is as follows: This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China General Program (72373037), Social Science Foundation of Hunan Province Key Program (22ZDB080), Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan (2022JJ30116).By Qian Sun; Sohail Ahmad Javeed; Yong Tang and Yan FengReported by Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

All authorities are attracted to the circular economy due to the excessive use of industrial production. In this vein, the importance of digitization has gained huge attention. Digital technology, particularly block-chain technology, enlightens a new face of industry and economy that stimulates corporate social action. In this setting, we trying to probe the connection amid block-chain technology and circular economy with help of organization factors, agility, institutional, strategic, and green knowledge management as the moderators. After a series of tests in the Chinese corporate sector, we unfold the theoretical concept of block-chain technology that assists in enhancing circular economy practices at the corporate level. We further pinpoint the importance of major organizational factors such as organizational agility, institutional factors, strategic factors, and green knowledge management that are actually responsible for improved circular economy practices. We importantly unveil the way to strengthen the connection amid block-chain technology and the circular economy, which is possible through the effective role of organizational agility, institutional factors, strategic factors, and green knowledge management. We offers guidance to policy makers for improving circular economy through the implication of block-chain technology. This study clarifies the function of organizational elements for enhancing circular economy and block-chain technology connection. • Considering environmental concerns in this digital age, the function of block-chain technology is explored for circular economy practices. • Organizational factors (OA, SF, IF & GKM) are also found to be powerful tools for the promotion of circular economy practices. • Organizational factors (OA, SF, IF & GKM) are strengthened the function of block-chain technology. • We highlight the importance of technology functions for sustainable development through corporate key factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction:Research has shown the negative impacts of climate change on the economy and how the state of the environment has been a complex global challenge. Prior studies have suggested immediate actions to avoid any unforeseen circumstances for all living things on Earth. Previous research has also supported all kinds of sustainability efforts as resolutions to address the deterioration of climate change caused by business activities. Originality: There is a need for companies to start acting and assigning employees to mitigate carbon emitted by corporations. This study is motivated by the lack of empirical evidence that examines how corporate carbon governance influences better carbon performance of organizations and authorizes organizations to implement and embed carbon accounting. Objective: This study used evidence from Malaysia to explore this subject matter and examined the association between carbon governance and carbon performance of corporations. The research also investigated the mediation effect of carbon accounting with respect to carbon governance and carbon performance. Findings: It is revealed that carbon governance had no significant influence on an organization's carbon performance although carbon accounting implementation positively influenced carbon performance. The findings imply that despite its insignificance, carbon accounting remains a vital matter to be deployed by organizations for better carbon emission mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyse the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI), with a focus on foreign ownership of firms, on the growth of output in South Asian firms by using enterprises surveys data for different periods. Using the Cobb–Douglas production function, we employed the econometric model to analyse the relationship between the firm-level characteristics and the output of firms. Furthermore, we estimated the moving averages of FDI inflows and GDP and their trends over the periods. Empirical results demonstrated the significance of inputs, specifically the FDI, employment growth and labour productivity in the context of many selected countries. The moving average results showed that FDI and GDP in major South Asian countries have been reduced after global financial crises of 2008. It can be concluded that the FDI, employment growth and labour productivity are the major contributing factors to the growth of output in the South Asian countries. Thus, this study has insight for the foreign investors and policymakers for the South Asian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, many economies are suffering from environmental problems that have significant effects on the climate and life of human beings, thus, the governments and institutions work to reduce the industrial negative effects on the environment. Based on the Porter Hypothesis, agency theory, and management and organization theory, this study examines the connection between environmental regulations, corporate social responsibility and firm innovation with the moderating role of CEO power and ownership concentration. Importantly, this study divided CEOs into male and female CEO. This study classifies firm innovation into two kinds, such as firm input innovation and firm output innovation. This study selects the sample of Pakistani manufacturing firms and uses the panel data for the period 2008 to 2018. For the analysis purpose, this study employs ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effect (FE) model, generalized method of moments (GMM). For more robust results, this study employs the feasible generalized least square (FGLS) model. Based on the findings from the empirical analysis, this study concludes that environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility have a positive relationship with firm innovation (Input and Output). Moreover, a powerful CEO and ownership concentration are valuable for firm innovation (Input and Output), because these factors are positively connected with firm innovation (Input and Output). Majorly, this study contends that environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility are positively connected with firm innovation (Input and Output) because of the interactive role of CEO power. This study supported the role of both male and female CEOs for firm innovative practices. Therefore, firms of developing economies should also consider the female CEO. Besides, environmental regulations and corporate social responsibility also positively connected with firm innovation (Input and Output) because of the interactive role of ownership concentration. Moreover, this study offers various policy implications for governments and policymakers. • This study examines the moderating role of CEO power and ownership concentration in environmental regulations, CSR and firm innovation. • This study uses data of Pakistani firms from 2008 to 2018, and analyze it by employing OLS, fixed-effect (FE) model, GMM model and FGLS models. • This study concludes that environmental regulations and CSR are positively associated with firm innovation. • This study endorses positive connection of environmental regulations, CSR and firm innovation with CEO power and ownership concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms in developing economies generally find ways to enhance their reputation and growth in the international market. In this context, an Audit Committee (AC) is composed of multiple skilled members that control and monitor auditing activities and present a transparent image of their firm, which automatically attracts investors and builds investor confidence. Therefore, this study used CEO power and ownership concentration as moderating factors to examine the connection between AC and firm performance. For this purpose, this study used the data of Pakistani manufacturing firms for the period 2008 to 2018 and applied the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method, the Fixed Effect (FE) model, and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). To check the robustness of the results, this study used a Feasible Generalized Least Square (FGLS) model. The findings of this study contended that AC and firm performance have a positive association with each other. Moreover, the findings revealed that CEO power positively influenced firm performance. Furthermore, lower ownership concentration is a valuable approach to maximize a firm's performance. Importantly, the outcomes concluded that AC and firm performance have a positive connection with the moderating effects of CEO power. Moreover, AC and firm performance also have a positive association with the moderating effect of ownership concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Audit quality (AQ) is a crucial instrument for ensuring transparency and accountability in both the public and private sectors. If the AQ is responsible for the maximization or minimization of profit, then what are the circumstances that make these possible? In this study, we examined the role of the product market competition (PMC) in the relation between the AQ and firm performance (FP). The PMC on the manufacturing firms of Pakistan was divided into two categories—low product market competition (LPMC) and high product market competition (HPMC). This division was calculated using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index (HHI). Then, we used ordinary least squares (OLS), the fixed-effect model, and the generalized method of moment (GMM) to examine the role of PMC on the association between the AQ and FP. The results of the study revealed that the financial performance of firms was enhanced with the quality of the audit. Highly competitive firms demonstrated higher chances to capture the maximum profit and have a positive relationship with FP, while less competitive firms were negatively associated with FP. Furthermore, the HPMC played a vital role in boosting the profit of the firms. On one hand, the connection between the AQ and FP was positively affected by the HPMC. On the other hand, the connection between the AQ and FP was negatively affected by the LPMC. Thus, the findings of this investigation have various implications for owners, investors, shareholders, and governments. This study can help the governments of developing economies to enhance economic conditions by focusing on the industrial sector. This study also contributes to the literature by supporting the agency theory that PMC can mitigate the agency issue between owners and agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries are facing environmental issues that affect the natural climate and life of human beings, therefore, governments have developed the strategies and regulations to control the industrial negative effects on the environment which is called environmental regulations (ER). To extend the porter hypothesis, we examined the moderating effect of product market competition (PMC) to find the circumstances that affect the association between ER and FP. We have divided PMC into high and low product market competition (HPMC and LPMC) by following the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). The empirical investigation of this study demonstrates the following outcomes: ER indicates a statistically significant and positive relationship with FP. Furthermore, HPMC has great importance for FP, while LPMC has shown a negative relationship with FP. Besides, we tested the moderating effects of HPMC and LPMC on the association between ER and FP. The moderating effects of HPMC have significant and positive effects on the association between ER and FP. On the other side, the moderating effects of LPMC have significant and negative effects on the association between ER and FP. Moreover, this study promotes the importance of ER and PMC for firms. This study is beneficial for owners, investors, policymakers, and governments to form comprehensive and viable ER for reducing environmental negative effects. • This study tested the association of ER and FP along Product Market Competition (PMC). • This study employed fixed effect and GMM models and positive association between ER and FP occurred. • HPMC shows positive effects on FP. LPMC shows negative effects on FP. • The interaction of HPMC has shown positive effects on the association of ER and FP. • The interaction of LPMC has shown negative effects on the association of ER and FP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) are the activities of firms that are not only considered for economic profit but also include the social welfare returns. To find the key drivers that affect the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance, we investigated the moderating effects of CEO power and ownership structure. Ownership structure is classified into two parts: managerial ownership and ownership concentration. We selected a sample of firms from eight manufacturing sectors of the Pakistani economy for the analysis. We collected data from the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP), Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP), Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), and companies' annual reports over the period 2008 to 2017. We employed the Fixed Effects model and Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) to investigate the association between CSR and firm performance. The empirical analysis of this study highlights the following conclusions: First, CSR has a significant positive association with firm performance. Second, the relationship between CSR and firm performance shows the same results with the interaction of CEO power. Thirdly, interaction of the managerial ownership with CSR has a significant positive relationship with firm performance. Fourth, the interaction of the ownership concentration with CSR has a positive effect on firm performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although empirical studies of the link between foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and economic development have long influenced economic studies, the results have been inconclusive. Focusing on ten countries, this study contributes to our understanding of foreign investment as a determinant of regional economic performance. More specifically, this study seeks to analyze the short- and long-term relationship between foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in ten ASEAN member states using data from the 2009–2020 period. For this examination, this study employs a cross-sectional dependency test, followed by panel unit root and panel cointegration testing. From the results of this test, Dumitrescu–Hurlin Panel Causality (DHPC) analysis is conducted. These results show that FDI and GDP have a positive bilateral association, i.e., FDI positively affects GDP and GDP positively affects FDI, as presumed by the theory. Testing also finds bilateral causality between FPI and GDP in the ten analyzed nations. This study contributes to the literature by testing the association between FDI/FPI and GDP using fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic least squares (DMOLS) panel testing. These results show that FPI and FDI have significantly influenced GDP in ten ASEAN member states. Foreign investment has thus been shown to be the most potent means of accelerating economic development in the studied nations, and thus the governments of these ASEAN member states should formulate policies that attract foreign investors and better direct their investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations are formed to gain long-term benefits. However, sometimes myopic management for feigned value enhancement led to the early demise of the firm. Further, to the best of our knowledge empirical role of financing constraints has not yet been explored between the relationship of leverage and earnings management practices. Therefore, the present study aims to empirically examine the impact of leverage on Real Earnings Management (REM) practices and how financing constraints influence this association. Employs a panel dataset of 3250 non-financial Chinese listed firms for a time period spanning from 2009 to 2018. Leverage is categorized into short-term, long-term, and total leverage to check the individual effects of each leverage category on REM practices. The data were analyzed through panel data fixed-effects and random-effects techniques as an econometric approach. First, consistent with positive accounting theory, the impact of total leverage on REM is positive. Second, compared to the long-term leverage, short-term leverage has more pronounced effects on managers' opportunistic behavior towards using REM. Third, the influence of total leverage is higher (lower) on REM practices in financially unconstrained (constrained) firms. Fourth, the influence of short-term leverage on REM practices compared to long-term leverage is also weak in the financially constrained firms. These findings imply that, to avoid the consequences of managerial myopia, investors should abstain to invest in the firms that use higher amount of short-term debt and are financially unconstrained. This study is the first research to examine the impact of different leverage categories on REM practices in an emerging market, i.e., China, where the legal and financial structure is much poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disclosure of integrated reporting elements can reduce information asymmetry for investors when valuing a company. This study aimed to empirically evaluate the effect of manager compensation, directly or indirectly, on firm value, through the mediating role of the disclosure of integrated reporting elements. The research sample included manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the Singapore Stock Exchange (SGX). The method of analysis was PLS-SEM, using the WarpPLS 7.0 application. The results showed that compensation significantly affects firm value and the disclosure of integrated reporting elements. Integrated reporting has a significant positive impact on firm value. In addition, the disclosure of integrated reporting can mediate the impact of manager compensation on increasing firm value. This research theoretically supports agency theory, disclosure theory, and signal theory, although it is not fully applicable to each country or region of the sample company. The current research contributes to the understanding of the importance of a company's integrated reporting disclosure in improving company value among investors. Integrated reporting describes how a company creates value over time. Our results also suggest that regulators should oblige public companies to disclose integrated reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extant empirical studies have predominantly focused on the nexus between working capital management (WCM) and corporate profitability. While there is a dearth of literature on the nexus between WCM and a firm's risk, the present study examines Pakistani-listed firms coming from 12 diverse industrial segments to observe this association for a time span of ten years (2005–2014). To ensure robustness, we employed a System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM) regression estimation to investigate the influence of WCM on the operational and market risk for firms. Empirical testing revealed that higher working capital levels were associated with lower volatility in firms' stock price, which shows that shareholders prefer a conservative working capital policy. Moreover, firms with better cash positions were subject to lesser stock market volatility. In contrast, excess working capital and a larger net trade cycle were associated with increased volatility in the operating income. Besides, firms with lower working capital levels relative to their respective industry experienced fewer fluctuations in their operating profits. Our findings assert that short-term financial management has important ramifications for firms' operating and market fundamentals. Practical implications are discussed for corporate managers and relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explore the main actors' views on the current state of sustainability reporting in a developing country context. This qualitative study is based on the interviews of 20 individuals and organizations from Pakistan who were identified as main actors involved in the practice of sustainability reporting. This paper draws on the arguments of multiple theoretical frameworks, including legitimacy theory, stakeholders' theory, institutional theory, political cost theory, and signalling theory. Following a semi-structured interview protocol, main actors were asked to share their views on the drivers and barriers of sustainability reporting, sufficiency and suitability of sustainability-related regulation and standards, perceived benefits of sustainability reporting, level of stakeholder engagement and transparency. Interviews were then analysed to compare the viewpoints of different stakeholder groups on various issues. This paper concludes that, like other emerging and developing economies, the practice of sustainability reporting is largely driven by the external forces. Foreign buyers, international professional associations and standard-setting organizations are playing a pivotal role in the emergence and development of sustainability reporting. Sustainability reporting awards also played an important role as they provide the normative basis and intangible benefits for reporting. Despite these external forces driving the emergence and development of SR in Pakistan, the structural and cultural conditions that exist in the societal context of Pakistan significantly impact the disclosure practices and organizational rationales for SR. In particular, weak government structures, lack of awareness and interest in sustainability matters, lack of regulation, lack of enforcement capabilities, lack of a political will has been identified as the main barriers of SR. The paper explores the perceptions of both managerial and non-managerial stakeholders regarding the current state of sustainability reporting in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]