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1. Eosinophilic Dermatoses: Cause of Non-Infectious Erythema after Volume Replacement with Diced Acellular Dermal Matrix in Breast Cancer?

Author

Jean Schneider, Seung Taek Lim, Yeong Yi An, and Young Jin Suh

Subjects
erythema, breast cancer, acellular dermal matrix, red breast syndrome, eosinophilic dermatoses, Science
Abstract

Introduction: Non-infectious erythema, or Red Breast Syndrome (RBS), has been observed on the skin where acellular dermal matrix was implanted, although the exact cause is yet to be determined. Patients and Methods: A total of 214 female patients underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS) and volume replacement using diced acellular dermal matrix (dADM) for breast cancer between December 2017 and December 2018. After collecting and evaluating relevant clinical data, inflammation markers, along with NK cell status presented by IFN-γ secretion assay, were measured using ELISA. Results: Nineteen patients (8.88%) presented with RBS after BCS and dADM use. A significant increase of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was noted in the non-RBS group (p = 0.02). Compared to the RBS group (p = 0.042), the WBC level of the non-RBS group showed significant decrease over time. Eosinophil counts increased significantly at follow-up but went up higher in the RBS group. Multivariate analysis showed preoperative chemotherapy significantly increased the hazard of RBS (OR 3.274, p = 0.047 and OR 17.098, p < 0.001, respectively). Discussion: Though no causal relationship between RBS and immune status was proven, the results suggest an association between preoperative chemotherapy and RBS in addition to the possible role of eosinophilia in leading to eosinophilic dermatoses, which warrants further exploration and elucidation.

Published
2024
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2. Interferon-Gamma Secretion Is Significantly Decreased in Stage III Breast Cancer Patients

Author

Jung Im Yi, Jean Schneider, Seung Taek Lim, Byeongkwan Park, and Young Jin Suh

Subjects
breast cancer, natural killer cells, NK cells, interferon-gamma, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Even though some studies have shown possible clinical relationship between molecular subtypes and tumor infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells around tumors, there are few studies showing the clinical relevance of peripheral NK cell activity at diagnosis in female patients with invasive breast cancer. A total of 396 female invasive breast cancer patients who received curative surgical treatment from March 2017 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. NK cell activation-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the activity of peripheral NK cells. Statistical analyses were performed to determine clinical relationships with major clinicopathologic parameters. Quadripartite NK cell activity measured by induced interferon-gamma showed significant relevance with staging and body mass index, and some of the inflammatory serological markers, namely N/L (neutrophil/lymphocyte), P/N (platelet/neutrophil), and P/L (platelet/lymphocyte), showed significantly different NK activity in each interval by univariate analysis. A binary subgroup analysis, setting the IFN-γ secretion cut-off at 100 pg/mL, showed that stage III was significantly increased and axillary lymph node metastasis positivity was increased in the group of IFN-γ < 100 pg/mL, and IFN-γ secretion decreased with an increasing N stage, increased BMI (body mass index), and decreased production of IFN-γ. Following this, the same binary analysis, but with the IFN-γ secretion cut-off at 250 pg/mL, also showed that secretion in stage III was increased in those concentrations with

Published
2024
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3. The 'Drake Equation' of Exomoons—A Cascade of Formation, Stability and Detection

Author

Gyula M. Szabó, Jean Schneider, Zoltán Dencs, and Szilárd Kálmán

Subjects
planets and satellites: detection, planets and satellites: formation, techniques: photometric, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract

After 25 years of the prediction of the possibility of observations, and despite the many hundreds of well-studied transiting exoplanet systems, we are still waiting for the announcement of the first confirmed exomoon. We follow the “cascade” structure of the Drake equation but apply it to the chain of events leading to a successful detection of an exomoon. The scope of this paper is to reveal the structure of the problem, rather than to give a quantitative solution. We identify three important steps that can lead us to discovery. The steps are the formation, the orbital dynamics and long-term stability, and the observability of a given exomoon in a given system. This way, the question will be closely related to questions of star formation, planet formation, five possible pathways of moon formation; long-term dynamics of evolved planet systems involving stellar and planetary rotation and internal structure; and the proper evaluation of the observed data, taking the correlated noise of stellar and instrumental origin and the sampling function also into account. We highlight how a successful exomoon observation and the interpretations of the expected further measurements prove to be among the most complex and interdisciplinary questions in astrophysics.

Published
2024
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4. Effects of Ruxolitinib and Calcitriol Combination Treatment on Various Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

Author

Jean Schneider, Ye Won Jeon, Young Jin Suh, and Seung Taek Lim

Subjects
ruxolitinib, calcitriol, combination, breast cancer, molecular subtype, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

The anticancer effects of ruxolitinib and calcitriol against breast cancer were reported previously. However, the effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment on various molecular subtypes of breast cancer remains unexplored. In this study, we used MCF-7, SKBR3, and MDA-MB-468 cells to investigate the effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell signaling markers, in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed the synergistic anticancer effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment in SKBR3 and MDA-MB-468 cells, but not in MCF-7 cells in vitro, via cell proliferation inhibition, apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and the alteration of cell signaling protein expression, including cell cycle-related (cyclin D1, CDK1, CDK4, p21, and p27), apoptosis-related (c-caspase and c-PARP), and cell proliferation-related (c-Myc, p-p53, and p-JAK2) proteins. Furthermore, in the MDA-MB-468 xenograft mouse model, we demonstrated the synergistic antitumor effect of ruxolitinib and calcitriol combination treatment, including the alteration of c-PARP, cyclin D1, and c-Myc expression, without significant drug toxicity. The combination exhibited a synergistic effect in HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes. In conclusion, our results suggest different effects of the combination treatment of ruxolitinib and calcitriol depending on the molecular subtype of breast cancer.

Published
2022
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5. Present and Future Detection of Terrestrial Biomarkers on Earthshine

Author

Danielle Briot, Jean Schneider, Stéphane Jacquemoud, Luc Arnold, Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102))

Subjects
Earthshine, Spectral signature, Vegetation, Red edge, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Earth, Albedo, Astrobiology, Exoplanet, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Extraterrestrial life, Environmental science, Moon, Remote sensing
Abstract

In the context of life detection on terrestrial exoplanets, new methods of search for spectral signatures of chlorophyll and other biomarkers in the Earthshine have been developed in the last few decades. Astronomical observations made at OHP and ESO (NTT) showed a significant signal when continents are facing the Moon. This signal, called the Vegetation Red Edge (VRE), is undoubtedly due to chlorophyll absorption properties. In order to strengthen these results, the LUCAS (LUmière Cendrée en Antarctique par Spectroscopie) project dedicated to the measurement of the Earthshine from the Concordia Research Station (C Dome, Antarctica) has been set up. One of the objectives of LUCAS was to observe prolonged variations of the VRE corresponding to various parts of the Earth facing the Moon. An extension of this project, called LUCAS II, would allow long-term observations to detect seasonal variations of the vegetation signal. These data, together with accurate measurements of the Earth's albedo, will help validate a model of global and spectral albedo of our planet.

Published
2022

6. Interstellar Now! Missions to and Sample Returns from Nearby Interstellar Objects

Author

Adam Hibberd, Bernd Dachwald, Robert G. Kennedy, Manasvi Lingam, Dan Fries, Pierre Kervella, T. Marshall Eubanks, Andreas M. Hein, Nikolaos Perakis, and Jean Schneider

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics - Space Physics, Physics::Space Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Environmental science, Astronomy, Sample (statistics), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Space Physics (physics.space-ph), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The recently discovered first high velocity hyperbolic objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, have raised the question about near term missions to Interstellar Objects. In situ spacecraft exploration of these objects will allow the direct determination of both their structure and their chemical and isotopic composition, enabling an entirely new way of studying small bodies from outside our solar system. In this paper, we map various Interstellar Object classes to mission types, demonstrating that missions to a range of Interstellar Object classes are feasible, using existing or near-term technology. We describe flyby, rendezvous and sample return missions to interstellar objects, showing various ways to explore these bodies characterizing their surface, dynamics, structure and composition. Interstellar objects likely formed very far from the solar system in both time and space; their direct exploration will constrain their formation and history, situating them within the dynamical and chemical evolution of the Galaxy. These mission types also provide the opportunity to explore solar system bodies and perform measurements in the far outer solar system.

Published
2020

7. Chilblains is a common cutaneous finding during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective nationwide study from France

Author

Adèle de Masson, Jean-David Bouaziz, Luc Sulimovic, Charles Cassius, Marie Jachiet, Marius-Anton Ionescu, Michel Rybojad, Martine Bagot, Tu-Anh Duong, Dominique Denjean, Marie-Pierre Labarthe, Maud Bézier, Marie Risbourg, Geneviève Payan, Sabrina Alain, Frédéric Mathivon, Anny Cohen-Letessier, Delphine Kerob, Jean-Philippe Hellier, Christelle Comte, Fabielle Keller, Caroline Brue, Paul Lestang, Laurence Allanore, Eliane Pierkarski-Carp, Anne Amoric, Hervé Serpier, Philippe Pruvost, Fabien Guibal, Damien Giacchero, Elisa Funck-Brentano, Sandrine Sierra Fortuny, Isabelle Gallay, Agnès Zavarro, Caroline Bider-Valle, Sylvie Lagrange, Etty Grynberg, Florence Weill, Dominique Penso, Marie Gomel, Jean Schneider, Anne Larabelle, Philippe Bonhomme, Marie-Sophie Gautier, Jean Hatchuel, Imane Mourtada, Charlotte Fite, Catherine Oliveres-Ghouti, Elisabeth Domergue, Sabrina Fourcade-Roch, Sylvie Lecanu, Nathalie Sebban, Bruno Halioua, Anne Bellut, Fabienne Keller, Isabelle Baratte, Françoise Lejoyeux, Laurence Ollivaud, Georges Abirached, Marielle Burnouf, Beatrix Reynayd-Mendel, Jean-Noël Dauendorffer, Joëlle Sebaoun, Hervé Garrat, Marie-Martine Pomper, Anne-Marie Heudes, Isabelle Beaulieu, Hugues Cartier, Amélie Arsouze, Dominique Lons-Danic, Michèle Pelletier, Valérie Gallais, Valérie Piantade, Marlène Risbourg, Georges Reuter, Serge Dahan, Murielle Creusot, Abdallah Kolli, Isabelle Egasse-Broca, Jean-Luc Rigon, Pascale Sabban, Hélène Flacher, Benoît Jaillard, Pierre André, Dominique Debjoux, Elodie Poirier, Bénédicte Solyga, Marc Perrussel, Sabrina Makhloufi, Bertrand Margnier, Clotilde Huzar, Laetitia Vandame, Hortense Thelu, Anne-Claire Chollet, Frédérique Marchal, Michael Naouri, Marion Nadaud, Elodie Boissy, Abdelhamid Lameche, Charles Berdougo, Audrey Rolland, Marie-Laure Fléchet, Gabriel Colonna, Delphine Jouannet, Isabelle Berdah, Françoise Truchot, Isabelle Lavallée, Immunologie humaine, physiopathologie & immunothérapie (HIPI (UMR_S_976 / U976)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Adolescent, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pneumonia, Viral, Dermatology, Article, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, Child, Chilblains, Pandemics, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, 030203 arthritis & rheumatology, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Retrospective cohort study, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Child, Preschool, Female, France, Coronavirus Infections, business
Published
2020
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8. Exobodies in Our Back Yard: Science from Missions to Nearby Interstellar Objects

Author

Adam Hibberd, Andreas M. Hein, Robert G. Kennedy, Jean Schneider, and Thomas Marshall Eubanks

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Engineering, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrobiology, Yard, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The recent discovery of the first confirmed Interstellar Objects (ISOs) passing through the Solar System on clearly hyperbolic objects opens the potential for near term ISO missions, either to the two known objects, or to similar objects found in the future. Such ISOs are the only exobodies we have a chance of accessing directly in the near future. This White Paper focuses on the science possible from in situ spacecraft exploration of nearby ISOs. Such spacecraft missions are technically possible now and are suitable potential missions in the period covered by the 2023-2032 Decadal Survey. Spacecraft missions can determine the structure and the chemical and isotopic composition of ISO in a close flyby coupled with a small sub-probe impactor and either a mass spectrometer or a high resolution UV spectrometer; this technology will also be useful for fast missions to TransNeptune Objects (TNOs) and long period comets. ISO exploration holds the potential of providing considerable improvements in our knowledge of galactic evolution, of planetary formation, and of the cycling of astrobiologically important materials through the galaxy., Science White Paper submitted to the 2023-2032 Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey

Published
2020

9. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission

Author

D. Rouan, Davide Gandolfi, Aldo S. Bonomo, François Bouchy, S. C. C. Barros, Eike W. Guenther, Anders Erikson, Heike Rauer, O. L. Creevey, M. Pätzold, M. Fridlund, Tsevi Mazeh, Suzanne Aigrain, Jean Schneider, Hans J. Deeg, Günther Wuchterl, A. Baglin, Peter Klagyivik, Sz. Csizmadia, Sascha Grziwa, M. Deleuil, Hannu Parviainen, A. P. Hatzes, Guillaume Hébrard, J. Cabrera, Marc Ollivier, Pascal Bordé, J. M. Almenara, Cilia Damiani, T. Guillot, Alexandre Santerne, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Roi Alonso, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (INAF), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics, University of Exeter, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [São Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Tel Aviv University (TAU)-Tel Aviv University (TAU), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institute for Geophysics and Meteorology [Köln] (IGM), University of Cologne, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Extrasolare Planeten und Atmosphären, Metallicity, Population, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, planetary systems / stars: fundamental parameters / stars: individual: CoRoT-30 / stars: individual: CoRoT-31, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Stars: fundamental parameters, Stars: individual: CoRoT-30, Stars: individual: CoRoT-31, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, education.field_of_study, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Photometry (astronomy), Planetary systems, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Planetary mass
Abstract

Aims. We report the discovery as well as the orbital and physical characterizations of two new transiting giant exoplanets, CoRoT-30 b and CoRoT-31 b, with the CoRoT space telescope. Methods. We analyzed two complementary data sets: photometric transit light curves measured by CoRoT, and radial velocity curves measured by the HARPS spectrometer. To derive the absolute masses and radii of the planets, we modeled the stars from available magnitudes and spectra. Results. We find that CoRoT-30 b is a warm Jupiter on a close-to-circular 9.06-day orbit around a G3V star with a semi-major axis of about 0.08 AU. It has a radius of 1.01 ± 0.08 RJ, a mass of 2.90 ± 0.22 MJ, and therefore a mean density of 3.45 ± 0.65 g cm−3. The hot Jupiter CoRoT-31 b is on a close-to-circular 4.63-day orbit around a G2 IV star with a semi-major axis of about 0.05 AU. It has a radius of 1.46 ± 0.30 RJ, a mass of 0.84 ± 0.34 MJ, and therefore a mean density of 0.33 ± 0.18 g cm−3. Conclusions. Neither system seems to support the claim that stars hosting planets are more depleted in lithium. The radii of both planets are close to that of Jupiter, but they differ in mass; CoRoT-30 b is ten times denser than CoRoT-31 b. The core of CoRoT-30 b would weigh between 15 and 75 Earth masses, whereas relatively weak constraints favor no core for CoRoT-31 b. In terms of evolution, the characteristics of CoRoT-31 b appear to be compatible with the high-eccentricity migration scenario, which is not the case for CoRoT-30 b. The angular momentum of CoRoT-31 b is currently too low for the planet to evolve toward synchronization of its orbital revolution with stellar rotation, and the planet will slowly spiral-in while its host star becomes a red giant. CoRoT-30 b is not synchronized either: it looses angular momentum owing to stellar winds and is expected reach steady state in about 2 Gyr. CoRoT-30 and 31, as a pair, are a truly remarkable example of diversity in systems with hot Jupiters.

Published
2020

10. Techniques for Constraining the Abundance of Nonplanetary Substellar Objects

Author

Jean Schneider, Alexandre Arbey, Jérémy Auffinger, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I Lyon), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Astronomy, Relativistic astrophysics, General Medicine, Astrometry, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Stars, 13. Climate action, Abundance (ecology), Planet, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Boson
Abstract

International audience; An interesting problem of relativistic astrophysics is the possible existence of non planetary Compact SubStellar Objects (CSSOs), such as black holes, but also non-standard objects such as boson stars. The challenge is to detect and distinguish them from ordinary planets. Here we present a new approach to this problem, which consists in detecting directly these CSSOs using exoplanet searches by transits, radial velocity measurements and astrometry and comparing the results to standard planet models.

Published
2020

11. What is transiting HD 139139 ?

Author

Jean Schneider

Subjects
Physics, Radial velocity, Rappaport, Solar System, Planet, Astronomy, Private communication, General Medicine, Star (graph theory), Light curve, Variation (astronomy), Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The NASA mission Kepler has detected 28 transits with depths and durations hours in the light curve of HD139139 during a 87 days campaign . Their arrival times are erratic. Rappaport et al. (2019) discard ten explanations. It is not clear if the transits are for HD 139139 or for a star B at 3.3 arcsec. New radial velocity variation data give RV for HD139139 in 4 days (F. Bouchy and S. Udry, private communication) excluding a close-in planet orbiting HD 139139, as proposed earlier (Schneider 2019). (However, this explanation is still valid for the star B for which radial velocity data are very poor). Here I thus explore new tentative explanations and their likelihood: 1/ An eccentric transiters belt around HD 139139 2/ Interstellar transiters 3/ Solar System objects.

Published
2019

12. Co-orbital exoplanets from close period candidates: The TOI-178 case

Author

Adrien Leleu, Alexandre C. M. Correia, Jean Schneider, Marko Sestovic, Simon L. Grimm, Jorge Lillo-Box, Daniel Angerhausen, Philippe Robutel, Nathan Hara, European Southern Observatory (ESO), Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, Okayama University, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Horseshoe orbit, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 520 Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 500 Science, Planetary system, Exoplanet, Celestial mechanics, Orbit, Space and Planetary Science, Trojan, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Despite the existence of co-orbital bodies in the solar system, and the prediction of the formation of co-orbital planets by planetary system formation models, no co-orbital exoplanets (also called trojans) have been detected thus far. Here we study the signature of co-orbital exoplanets in transit surveys when two planet candidates in the system orbit the star with similar periods. Such a pair of candidates could be discarded as false positives because they are not Hill-stable. However, horseshoe or long-libration-period tadpole co-orbital configurations can explain such period similarity. This degeneracy can be solved by considering the transit timing variations (TTVs) of each planet. We subsequently focus on the three-planet-candidate system TOI-178: the two outer candidates of that system have similar orbital periods and were found to have an angular separation close to π∕3 during the TESS observation of sector 2. Based on the announced orbits, the long-term stability of the system requires the two close-period planets to be co-orbital. Our independent detrending and transit search recover and slightly favour the three orbits close to a 3:2:2 resonant chain found by the TESS pipeline, although we cannot exclude an alias that would put the system close to a 4:3:2 configuration. We then analyse the co-orbital scenario in more detail, and show that despite the influence of an inner planet just outside the 2:3 MMR, this potential co-orbital system could be stable on a gigayear time-scale for a variety of planetary masses, either on a trojan or a horseshoe orbit. We predict that large TTVs should arise in such a configuration with a period of several hundred days. We then show how the mass of each planet can be retrieved from these TTVs.

Published
2019

13. Interferometry in the era of time-domain astronomy

Author

Rachael M. Roettenbacher, Jean Schneider, Gail Schaefer, Arnaud Cassan, Alexandre Gallenne, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Brightness, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Cepheid variable, Starspot, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Gravitational microlensing, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Stars, Interferometry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Time domain astronomy
Abstract

The physical nature of time variable objects is often inferred from photometric light-curves and spectroscopic variations. Long-baseline optical interferometry has the power to resolve the spatial structure of time variable sources directly in order to measure their physical properties and test the physics of the underlying models. Recent interferometric studies of variable objects include measuring the angular expansion and spatial structure during the early stages of novae outbursts, studying the transits and tidal distortions of the components in eclipsing and interacting binaries, measuring the radial pulsations in Cepheid variables, monitoring changes in the circumstellar discs around rapidly rotating massive stars, and imaging starspots. Future applications include measuring the image size and centroid displacements in gravitational microlensing events, and imaging the transits of exoplanets. Ongoing and upcoming photometric surveys will dramatically increase the number of time-variable objects detected each year, providing many potential targets to observe interferometrically. For short-lived transient events, it is critical for interferometric arrays to have the flexibility to respond rapidly to targets of opportunity and optimize the selection of baselines and beam combiners to provide the necessary resolution and sensitivity to resolve the source as its brightness and size change. We discuss the science opportunities made possible by resolving variable sources using long baseline optical interferometry.

Published
2018

14. Science cases for a visible interferometer

Author

Philippe Stee, France Allard, Myriam Benisty, Lionel Bigot, Nicolas Blind, Henri Boffin, Marcelo Borges Fernandes, Alex Carciofi, Andrea Chiavassa, Orlagh Creevey, Pierre Cruzalèbes, Willem-Jan de Wit, Armando Domiciano de Souza, Martin Elvis, Nicolas Fabas, Daniel Faes, Alexandre Gallenne, Carlos Guerrero Pena, Michel Hillen, Sebastian Hoenig, Michael Ireland, Pierre Kervella, Makoto Kishimoto, Nadia Kostogryz, Stefan Kraus, Antoine Labeyrie, Jean-Baptiste Le Bouquin, Agnès Lèbre, Roxanne Ligi, Alessandro Marconi, Thomas Marsh, Anthony Meilland, Florentin Millour, John Monnier, Denis Mourard, Nicolas Nardetto, Keiichi Ohnaka, Claudia Paladini, Karine Perraut, Guy Perrin, Pascal Petit, Romain Petrov, Suvendu Rakshit, Gail Schaefer, Jean Schneider, Denis Shulyak, Michal Simon, Ferréol Soulez, Danny Steeghs, Isabelle Tallon-Bosc, Michel Tallon, Theo Ten Brummelaar, Éric Thiébaut, Frédéric Thévenin, Hans van Winckel, Markus Wittkowski, Juan Zorec, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Astrophysique Stellaire, Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituut voor Sterrenkunde [Leuven], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics [Canberra] (RSAA), Australian National University (ANU), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien (IFA), Universität Wien, Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Economie de l'Université Paris Nord (ancienne affiliation) (CEPN), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines (LBCM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR]
Abstract

White Paper prospective. This book is dedicated to the memory of our colleague Olivier Chesneau who passed away at the age of 41. v2 includes some corrections to text; High spatial resolution is the key for the understanding various astrophysical phenomena. But even with the future E-ELT, single dish instruments are limited to a spatial resolution of about 4 mas in the visible. For the closest objects within our Galaxy most of the stellar photosphere remains smaller than 1 mas. With the success of long baseline interferometry these limitations were soom overcome. Today low and high resolution interferometric instruments on the VLTI and CHARA offer an immense range of astrophysical studies. Combining more telescopes and moving to visible wavelengths broadens the science cases even more. With the idea of developing strong science cases for a future visible interferometer, we organized a science group around the following topics: pre-main sequence and main sequence stars, fundamental parameters, asteroseismology and classical pulsating stars, evolved stars, massive stars, active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and imaging techniques. A meeting was organized on the 15th and 16th of January, 2015 in Nice with the support of the Action Specific in Haute Resolution Angulaire (ASHRA), the Programme National en Physique Stellaire (PNPS), the Lagrange Laboratory and the Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, in order to present these cases and to discuss them further for future visible interferometers. This White Paper presents the outcome of the exchanges. This book is dedicated to the memory of our colleague Olivier Chesneau who passed away at the age of 41.

Published
2017

15. Erratum to: 'Exoplanet discoveries with the CoRoT space observatory'

Author

R. den Hartog, J. Weingrill, François Bouchy, M. Fridlund, Heike Rauer, J. Hasiba, M. Steller, Pascal Bordé, A. Shporer, C. Lovis, J. M. Almenara, Aldo S. Bonomo, P. Gondoin, H. Bruntt, A. Llebaria, A. Baglin, Rudolf Dvorak, Michel Mayor, M. Havel, Magali Deleuil, Laurent Jorda, D. Queloz, Helmut Lammer, J.-C. Gazzano, G. Hebrard, Brandon Tingley, Suzanne Aigrain, Francesco Pepe, B. Samuel, M. Hidas, Frederic Pont, Davide Gandolfi, Daniel Rouan, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Ludmila Carone, Petr Kabath, Eike W. Guenther, Roi Alonso, Tsevi Mazeh, Stéphane Udry, Juan Cabrera, Günther Wuchterl, Marc Ollivier, Szilard Csizmadia, B. Stecklum, A. Léger, A. P. Hatzes, Willy Benz, Markus Rabus, Rachel Street, Michel Auvergne, Michaël Gillon, Anders Erikson, Pierre Barge, Alessandro Mura, David R. Ciardi, H. Ottacher, M. Barbieri, Hans J. Deeg, C. Moutou, Martin Pätzold, Tristan Guillot, Jean Schneider, T. A. Lister, and S. Carpano

Subjects
Physics, Planetary science, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space observatory, Exoplanet, Astrobiology
Published
2016

16. The secondary eclipse of CoRoT-1b

Author

Roi Alonso, A. Léger, Tsevi Mazeh, François Bouchy, Laurent Jorda, Günther Wuchterl, Frederic Pont, Anders Erikson, Pierre Magain, Suzanne Aigrain, M. Pätzold, Magali Deleuil, Marc Ollivier, R. de la Reza, A. P. Hatzes, M. Fridlund, Antoine Llebaria, S. Chaintreuil, Hans J. Deeg, P. Gondoin, M. Barbieri, Pierre Barge, Helmut Lammer, A. Alapini, C. Moutou, Didier Queloz, Aldo S. Bonomo, M. Auvergne, Pascal Bordé, Jean Schneider, Heike Rauer, Tristan Guillot, D. Rouan, F. Fialho, A. Baglin, Rudolf Dvorak, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, photometry, media_common.quotation_subject, Flux, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, symbols.namesake, Bond albedo, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Black-body radiation, Circular orbit, Eccentricity (behavior), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Eclipse, Physics, Thermal equilibrium, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astronomy and Astrophysics, CoRoT, secondary eclipse, exoplanets, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, transit method, symbols, CoRoT-1b, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The transiting planet CoRoT-1b is thought to belong to the pM-class of planets, in which the thermal emission dominates in the optical wavelengths. We present a detection of its secondary eclipse in the CoRoT white channel data, whose response function goes from ~400 to ~1000 nm. We used two different filtering approaches, and several methods to evaluate the significance of a detection of the secondary eclipse. We detect a secondary eclipse centered within 20 min at the expected times for a circular orbit, with a depth of 0.016+/-0.006%. The center of the eclipse is translated in a 1-sigma upper limit to the planet's eccentricity of ecosomega, 6 pages, to appear in A&A, submitted 18 march 2009, accepted 7 July 2009

Published
2016

17. Planetary transit candidates in the CoRoT initial run: resolving their nature

Author

Eike W. Guenther, Günther Wuchterl, François Bouchy, Tsevi Mazeh, Magali Deleuil, S. Carpano, Francesco Pepe, C. Lovis, Martin Pätzold, Davide Gandolfi, J. M. Almenara, Suzanne Aigrain, Pierre Barge, Daniel Rouan, A. P. Hatzes, M. Fridlund, Laurent Jorda, C. Moutou, Antoine Llebaria, Michel Mayor, M. Auvergne, Pascal Bordé, Willy Benz, Jean Schneider, Heike Rauer, Marc Ollivier, Hans J. Deeg, G. Hebrard, Frederic Pont, M. Barbieri, A. Léger, Markus Rabus, P. Gondoin, R. de la Reza, Didier Queloz, B. Loeillet, Helmut Lammer, Petr Kabath, H. Bruntt, Tristan Guillot, Avi Shporer, A. Baglin, Rudolf Dvorak, Michaël Gillon, Anders Erikson, Pierre Magain, Roi Alonso, Stéphane Udry, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, photometry, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Giant planet, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Planetary system, Light curve, follow-up observations, 01 natural sciences, CoRoT, Radial velocity, Stars, exoplanets, transit method, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Binary star, transit candidates, Transit (astronomy), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract

With the release of CoRoT lightcurves of the Initial Run IRa01, 50 transiting planetary candidates have been published in a companion paper. About twenty of them were identified as binary stars from the CoRoT lightcurve itself. Complementary observations were conducted for 29 candidates, including ground-based photometry and radial-velocity measurements. Two giant planets were identified and fully characterized. Nineteen binaries are recognized, from which 10 are background eclipsing binaries in the CoRoT mask or triple systems, diluted by the main CoRoT target. Eight cases remain of unclear origin, one of them still being a planetary candidate. Comparison with simulations shows that the actual threshold of confirmed planet detection in this field does not yet fulfill the expectations, and a number of reasons are invoked, like the ranking process based on lightcurve analyses, and the strategy and limits of follow-up observations for targets fainter than magnitude 15.

Published
2016

18. SPICES: A Mission Concept to Characterize Long Period Planets from Giants to Super-Earths

Author

Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Jean Schneider, Dimitri Mawet, Anthony Boccaletti, Anne-Lise Maire, Raphaël Galicher, Daphne Stam, John T. Trauger, W. A. Traub, Pierre Baudoz, Raffaele Gratton, Haghighipou, N., Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), European Southern Observatory, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), and Haghighipour, Nader

Subjects
Physics, Solar System, Zodiacal light, Cosmic Vision, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Planetary system, Exoplanet, Jupiter, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) was proposed in 2010 for a five-year M-class mission in the context of ESA Cosmic Vision. Its purpose is to image and characterize long-period extrasolar planets located at several AUs (0.5-10 AU) from nearby stars (⊕), possibly habitable. In addition, circumstellar disks as faint as a few times the zodiacal light in the Solar System can be studied. SPICES is based on a 1.5-m off-axis telescope and can perform spectro-polarimetric measurements in the visible (450 - 900 nm) at a spectral resolution of about 40. This paper summarizes the top science program and the choices made to conceive the instrument. The performance is illustrated for a few emblematic cases.

Published
2014

19. Revisiting the transits of CoRoT-7b at a lower activity level

Author

G. Wuchterl, M. Pätzold, S. C. C. Barros, Sz. Csizmadia, R. Bordé, M. Fridlund, Hans J. Deeg, A. Collier Cameron, Magali Deleuil, Anders Erikson, François Bouchy, Sascha Grziwa, Jean Schneider, Roi Alonso, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Heike Rauer, T. Pasternacki, Raphaëlle D. Haywood, A. Léger, C. Moutou, A. F. Lanza, J. M. Almenara, Suzanne Aigrain, Eike W. Guenther, Marc Ollivier, Tristan Guillot, S. Chaintreuil, Alexandre Santerne, A. P. Hatzes, J. Cabrera, D. Rouan, Davide Gandolfi, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science & Technology Facilities Council, and University of St Andrews. School of Physics and Astronomy

Subjects
​planetary systems – stars: individual: (CoRoT-7b) –stars:activity –techniques: photometric–methods:data analysis–methods:observational, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, observational [methods], Flux, Astrophysics, Light curves, Space mission, 01 natural sciences, Occultation, photometric [techniques], Methods: observational, QB Astronomy, Transit (astronomy), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, Super-Earths, QB, Hot, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), activity [stars], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Radius, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Extrasolar planets, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Stars: activity, Radial-velocity variations, FOS: Physical sciences, Stars: individual: CoRoT-7b, 0103 physical sciences, Planetary systems, Techniques: photometric, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, planetary systems, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Stellar activity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Mode (statistics), Mass, QC Physics, Parameters, Satellite, individual: CoRoT-7b [stars], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

CoRoT-7b, the first super-Earth with measured radius discovered, has opened the new field of rocky exoplanets characterisation. To better understand this interesting system, new observations were taken with the CoRoT satellite. During this run 90 new transits were obtained in the imagette mode. These were analysed together with the previous 151 transits obtained in the discovery run and HARPS radial velocity observations to derive accurate system parameters. A difference is found in the posterior probability distribution of the transit parameters between the previous CoRoT run (LRa01) and the new run (LRa06). We propose this is due to an extra noise component in the previous CoRoT run suspected to be transit spot occultation events. These lead to the mean transit shape becoming V-shaped. We show that the extra noise component is dominant at low stellar flux levels and reject these transits in the final analysis. We obtained a planetary radius, $R_p= 1.585\pm0.064\,R_{\oplus}$, in agreement with previous estimates. Combining the planetary radius with the new mass estimates results in a planetary density of $ 1.19 \pm 0.27\, \rho_{\oplus}$ which is consistent with a rocky composition. The CoRoT-7 system remains an excellent test bed for the effects of activity in the derivation of planetary parameters in the shallow transit regime., Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted to A&A

Published
2014

21. SPICES a small space coronagraph to characterize giant and telluric planets in reflected light

Author

Raphaël Galicher, Jean Schneider, Anthony Boccaletti, Anne-Lise Maire, Pierre Baudoz, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102))

Subjects
Physics, Solar System, Zodiacal light, QC1-999, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Astrometry, Terrestrial Planet Finder, Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, law, Planet, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Coronagraph
Abstract

SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) was proposed in 2010 for a a five-year M-class mission in the context of ESA Cosmic Vision. Its purpose is to image and characterize long-period extrasolar planets located at several AUs (0.5-10 AU) from nearby stars (

Published
2012

22. Detection of Neptune-size planetary candidates with CoRoT data. Comparison with the planet occurrence rate derived from Kepler

Author

P.-Y. Chabaud, Jean Schneider, Roi Alonso, Suzanne Aigrain, Alexandre Santerne, Claire Moutou, Antonino F. Lanza, P. Guterman, Tsevi Mazeh, Juan Cabrera, François Bouchy, Aldo S. Bonomo, Magali Deleuil, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), stars: statistics, 01 natural sciences, techniques: photometric, Neptune, Planet, planetary systems – techniques: photometric – stars: solar-type – stars: statistics, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Transit (astronomy), planetary systems, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, stars: solar-type, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Orbital period, Light curve, Stars, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

[Abridged] Context. The CoRoT space mission has been searching for transiting planets since the end of December 2006. Aims. We aim to investigate the capability of CoRoT to detect small-size transiting planets in short-period orbits, and to compare the number of CoRoT planets with 2 \leq R_p \leq 4 Rearth with the occurrence rate of small-size planets provided by the distribution of Kepler planetary candidates (Howard et al. 2012). Methods. We performed a test that simulates transits of super-Earths and Neptunes in real CoRoT light curves and searches for them blindly by using the LAM transit detection pipeline. Results. The CoRoT detection rate of planets with radius between 2 and 4 Rearth and orbital period P \leq 20 days is 59% (31%) around stars brighter than r'=14.0 (15.5). By properly taking the CoRoT detection rate for Neptune-size planets and the transit probability into account, we found that according to the Kepler planet occurrence rate, CoRoT should have discovered 12 \pm 2 Neptunes orbiting G and K dwarfs with P \leq 17 days in six observational runs. This estimate must be compared with the validated Neptune CoRoT-24b and five CoRoT planetary candidates in the considered range of planetary radii. We thus found a disagreement with expectations from Kepler at 3 \sigma or 5 \sigma, assuming a blend fraction of 0% (six Neptunes) and 100% (one Neptune) for these candidates. Conclusions. This underabundance of CoRoT Neptunes with respect to Kepler may be due to several reasons. Regardless of the origin of the disagreement, which needs to be investigated in more detail, the noticeable deficiency of CoRoT Neptunes at short orbital periods seems to indirectly support the general trend found in Kepler data, i.e. that the frequency of small-size planets increases with increasing orbital periods and decreasing planet radii., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2012

23. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XXIII. CoRoT-21b: a doomed large Jupiter around a faint subgiant star

Author

J. Weingrill, M. Fridlund, Michael Endl, Hannu Parviainen, Pascal Bordé, A. Léger, François Bouchy, Sascha Grziwa, Brandon Tingley, Günther Wuchterl, Guillaume Hébrard, Sz. Csizmadia, Didier Queloz, A. S. Bonomo, Suzanne Aigrain, A. Llebaria, Tsevi Mazeh, A. P. Hatzes, Helmut Lammer, Alexandre Santerne, Annie Baglin, D. Rouan, Magali Deleuil, Rudolf Dvorak, Davide Gandolfi, J. M. Almenara, Tristan Guillot, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Ruben Diaz, William D. Cochran, Roi Alonso, Marc Ollivier, Juan Cabrera, Jean Schneider, C. Cavarroc, Ludmila Carone, Phillip J. MacQueen, Aviv Ofir, T. Pasternacki, Martin Pätzold, Michaël Gillon, Anders Erikson, M. Auvergne, Heike Rauer, Pierre Barge, C. Moutou, Hans J. Deeg, Laurent Jorda, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, planetary systems planet-star interactions extrasolar planets, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Jupiter, Rings of Jupiter, Planet, planet-star interactions, 0103 physical sciences, Hot Jupiter, MECÂNICA CELESTE, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, planetary systems, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Stellar rotation, Giant planet, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, planetary systems – planet-star interactions, Exoplanet, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, ddc:520, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Jupiter mass
Abstract

CoRoT-21, a F8IV star of magnitude V = 16 mag, was observed by the space telescope CoRoT during the Long Run 01 (LRa01) in the first winter field (constellation Monoceros) from October 2007 to March 2008. Transits were discovered during the light curve processing. Radial velocity follow-up observations, however, were performed mainly by the 10-m Keck telescope in January 2010. The companion CoRoT-21b is a Jupiter-like planet of 2.26 ± 0.33 Jupiter masses and 1.30 ± 0.14 Jupiter radii in an circular orbit of semi-major axis 0.0417 ± 0.0011 AU and an orbital period of 2.72474 ± 0.00014 days. The planetary bulk density is (1.36 ± 0.48) × 103 kg m-3, very similar to the bulk density of Jupiter, and follows an M1/3 − R relation like Jupiter. The F8IV star is a sub-giant star of 1.29 ± 0.09 solar masses and 1.95 ± 0.2 solar radii. The star and the planet exchange extremetidal forces that will lead to orbital decay and extreme spin-up of the stellar rotation within 800 Myr if the stellar dissipation is Q∗/k2∗ ≤ 107. CoRoT-21, a F8IV star of magnitude V = 16 mag, was observed by the space telescope CoRoT during the Long Run 01 (LRa01) in the first winter field (constellation Monoceros) from October 2007 to March 2008. Transits were discovered during the light curve processing. Radial velocity follow-up observations, however, were performed mainly by the 10-m Keck telescope in January 2010. The companion CoRoT-21b is a Jupiter-like planet of 2.26 ± 0.33 Jupiter masses and 1.30 ± 0.14 Jupiter radii in an circular orbit of semi-major axis 0.0417 ± 0.0011 AU and an orbital period of 2.72474 ± 0.00014 days. The planetary bulk density is (1.36 ± 0.48) × 103 kg m-3, very similar to the bulk density of Jupiter, and follows an M1/3 - R relation like Jupiter. The F8IV star is a sub-giant star of 1.29 ± 0.09 solar masses and 1.95 ± 0.2 solar radii. The star and the planet exchange extremetidal forces that will lead to orbital decay and extreme spin-up of the stellar rotation within 800 Myr if the stellar dissipation is Q∗/k2∗ ≤ 107. The CoRoT space mission, launched on December 27th 2006, has been developed and is operated by CNES, with the contribution of Austria, Belgium, Brazil, ESA (RSSD and Science Programme), Germany and Spain.

Published
2012

24. Atmospheric characterization of cold exoplanets with a 1.5-m space coronagraph

Author

Raphaël Galicher, Anne-Lise Maire, Jean Schneider, Anthony Boccaletti, Daphne Stam, Pierre Baudoz, Kerri Cahoy, Wesley A. Traub, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL)

Subjects
High contrast imaging, Jupiters, Metallicity, Atmosphere models, Potential targets, Millimeter waves, Surface coverages, Astrophysics, Imaging techniques, Technical feasibility, Atmospheric characterization, Space telescopes, law.invention, Jupiter, Parameter spaces, law, Planet, Integral field, High angular resolutions, Coronagraph, Discoveries of exoplanets, Physics, Astronomy, Metallicities, Solar type stars, Computer simulation, Stars, Exoplanet, Spectral properties, Earth (planet), Exo-planets, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Instruments, Circumstellar habitable zone
Abstract

Several small space coronagraphs have been proposed to characterize cold exoplanets in reected light. Studies have mainly focused on technical feasibility because of the huge star/planet ux ratio to achieve in the close-in stellar environment (108-1010 at 0.2). However, the main interest of such instruments, the analysis of planet properties, has remained highly unexplored so far. We performed numerical simulations to assess the ability of a small space coronagraph to retrieve spectra of mature Jupiters, Neptunes and super-Earths under realistic assumptions. We describe our assumptions: exoplanetary atmosphere models, instrument numerical simulation and observing conditions. Then, we define a criterion and use it to determine the required exposure times to measure several planet parameters from their spectra (separation, metallicity, cloud and surface coverages) for particular cases. Finally, we attempt to define a parameter space of the potential targets. In the case of a solar-type star, we show that a small coronagraph can characterize the spectral properties of a 2-AU Jupiter up to 10 pc and the cloud and surface coverage of super-Earths in the habitable zone for a few stars within 4{5 pc. Potentially, SPICES could perform analysis of a hypothetical Earth-size planet around α Cen A and B., Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Series: Proceedings of SPIE

Published
2012

25. SPICES: a 1.5-m space coronagraph for spectro-polarimetric characterization of cold exoplanets

Author

Pierre Baudoz, Raffaele Gratton, Wesley A. Traub, Jean Schneider, Anne-Lise Maire, Pierre-Olivier Lagage, Daphne Stam, Anthony Boccaletti, Raphaël Galicher, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova

Subjects
High contrast imaging, Millimeter waves, Polarimetry, Imaging techniques, Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), Space telescopes, law.invention, Physicochemical property, law, Planet, Ice giants, Integral field, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, High angular resolutions, Spectral resolution, Coronagraph, Visible light, Physics, Chemical properties, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Optical design, Astronomy, Exoplanet, Characterization (materials science), Food products, Circumstellar disks, Exo-planets, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Instruments, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Polarimeters, Ice giant
Abstract

The study of the physico-chemical properties of wide-separated exoplanets (> 1 AU) is a major goal of highcontrast imaging techniques. SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) is a project of space coronagraph dedicated to the spectro-polarimetric analysis of gas and ice giant planets, super-Earths and circumstellar disks in visible light at a spectral resolution of about 40. After recalling the science cases of the mission, we describe the optical design and the critical subsystems of the instrument. We then discuss the SPICES performance that we derived from numerical simulations., Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Series: Proceedings of SPIE

Published
2012

26. Atmospheric characterization of cold exoplanets using a 1.5-m coronagraphic space telescope

Author

Kerri Cahoy, Wesley A. Traub, Pierre Baudoz, Anthony Boccaletti, Jean Schneider, Raphael Galicher, Anne-Lise Maire, Daphne Stam, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)

Subjects
Metallicity, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Jupiter, Spitzer Space Telescope, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Exoplanet, Stars, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. High-contrast imaging is currently the only available technique for the study of the thermodynamical and compositional properties of exoplanets in long-period orbits. The SPICES project is a coronagraphic space telescope dedicated to the spectro-polarimetric analysis of gaseous and icy giant planets as well as super-Earths at visible wavelengths. So far, studies for high-contrast imaging instruments have mainly focused on technical feasibility because of the challenging planet/star flux ratio of 10-8-10-10 required at short separations (200 mas or so) to image cold exoplanets. However, the analysis of planet atmospheric/surface properties has remained largely unexplored. Aims. The aim of this paper is to determine which planetary properties SPICES or an equivalent direct imaging mission can measure, considering realistic reflected planet spectra and instrument limitation. Methods. We use numerical simulations of the SPICES instrument concept and theoretical planet spectra to carry out this performance study. Results. We find that the characterization of the main planetary properties (identification of molecules, effect of metallicity, presence of clouds and type of surfaces) would require a median signal-to-noise ratio of at least 30. In the case of a solar-type star \leq 10 pc, SPICES will be able to study Jupiters and Neptunes up to ~5 and ~2 AU respectively. It would also analyze cloud and surface coverage of super-Earths of radius 2.5 RE at 1 AU. Finally, we determine the potential targets in terms of planet separation, radius and distance for several stellar types. For a Sun analog, we show that SPICES could characterize Jupiters (M \geq 30 ME) as small as 0.5 Jupiter radii at ~2 AU up to 10 pc, and super-Earths at 1-2 AU for the handful of stars that exist within 4-5 pc. Potentially, SPICES could perform analysis of a hypothetical Earth-size planet around alpha Cen A and B., 18 pages, 20 figures, 9 tables, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2012

27. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission.XX.CoRoT-20b: A very high density, high eccentricity transiting giant planet

Author

Davide Gandolfi, A. Santerne, M. Fridlund, Eike W. Guenther, Tsevi Mazeh, François Bouchy, M. Havel, C. Cavarroc, Hannu Parviainen, M. Deleuil, H. Bruntt, Stefania Carpano, G. Hebrard, Laurent Jorda, J. M. Almenara, A. Baglin, Adrián Rodríguez, H. J. Deeg, Rudolf Dvorak, J. Weingrill, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Suzanne Aigrain, A. P. Hatzes, Roi Alonso, A. Léger, Tristan Guillot, Pascal Bordé, J. Cabrera, Jean Schneider, Pierre Barge, Brandon Tingley, Günther Wuchterl, A. S. Bonomo, C. Moutou, M. Gillon, M. Auvergne, D. Rouan, D. Queloz, Helmut Lammer, Heike Rauer, Marc Ollivier, Anders Erikson, Lev Tal-Or, Sz. Csizmadia, Aviv Ofir, Cilia Damiani, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Orbital plane, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Angular velocity, Astrophysics, ​stars: planetary systems - stars: fundamental parameters - techniques: photometry - techniques: radial velocities - techniques: spectroscopy, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Eccentricity (behavior), Spin (physics), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Giant planet, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Orbital period, ESPECTROSCOPIA, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

We report the discovery by the CoRoT space mission of a new giant planet, CoRoT-20b. The planet has a mass of 4.24 +/- 0.23 MJ and a radius of 0.84 +/- 0.04 RJ. With a mean density of 8.87 +/- 1.10 g/cm^3, it is among the most compact planets known so far. Evolution models for the planet suggest a mass of heavy elements of the order of 800 ME if embedded in a central core, requiring a revision either of the planet formation models or of planet evolution and structure models. We note however that smaller amounts of heavy elements are expected from more realistic models in which they are mixed throughout the envelope. The planet orbits a G-type star with an orbital period of 9.24 days and an eccentricity of 0.56. The star's projected rotational velocity is vsini = 4.5 +/- 1.0 km/s, corresponding to a spin period of 11.5 +/- 3.1 days if its axis of rotation is perpendicular to the orbital plane. In the framework of Darwinian theories and neglecting stellar magnetic breaking, we calculate the tidal evolution of the system and show that CoRoT-20b is presently one of the very few Darwin-stable planets that is evolving towards a triple synchronous state with equality of the orbital, planetary and stellar spin periods.

Published
2012

28. Ground-based and spacecraft observations of lightning activity on Saturn

Author

A. A. Konovalenko, Rodolphe Weber, Georg Fischer, V. Nikolaenko, C. Mylostna, Jean Schneider, Valery V. Shevchenko, Vladimir B. Ryabov, Philippe Zarka, Dmytro M. Vavriv, V. V. Vinogradov, B. Ryabov, L. Pallier, R. V. Kozhyn, G. Litvinenko, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, C. Fabrice, M. A. Sidorchuk, D. V. Mukha, Baptiste Cecconi, A. Coffre, Loïc Denis, V. V. Zakharenko, Helmut O. Rucker, Institute of Radio Astronomy of NASU [Kharkiv] (IRA), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Future University-Hakodate, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), and ANR-05-BLAN-0018,RADIO-EXOPLA(2005)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Frequency band, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Saturn electrostatic discharges, 01 natural sciences, Coincidence, Radio telescope, Saturn, Spectrum, 0103 physical sciences, Storm activity, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Spacecraft, Waves in plasmas, business.industry, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Lightning, Space and Planetary Science, Time differences, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Radio astronomy
Abstract

International audience; In late 2007, Saturn electrostatic discharges (SED) were simultaneously observed at the radio telescope UTR-2 and with the Cassini spacecraft. Observations at UTR-2 were performed with a multichannel receiver in the frequency range 12-33MHz, and those performed on Cassini-with a swept frequency receiver that is part of the RPWS (Radio and Plasma Wave Science) instrument in the frequency band 1.8-16MHz. We got a very good coincidence between data of UTR-2 and Cassini. It is shown for the first time that ground-based radio astronomy lets us detect Saturn's lightning with a high degree of reliability despite terrestrial interferences. This is the necessary basis for further detailed study of the temporal and spectral characteristics of the SEDs with ground based radio telescopes. Based on six observation sessions, several parameters of SEDs were determined, in particularly a correlation of 0.77 ± 0.15 between the average intensity of storms and the e-folding time. [All rights reserved Elsevier].

Published
2012

29. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XXI. CoRoT-19b: a low density planet orbiting an old inactive F9V-star

Author

Aldo S. Bonomo, Magali Deleuil, M. Ollivier, Lev Tal-Or, Stefan Dreizler, Guillaume Hébrard, Helmut Lammer, Hannu Parviainen, François Bouchy, J. Weingrill, Laurent Jorda, Annie Baglin, C. Moutou, B. Tingley, Rudolf Dvorak, Michaël Gillon, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Roi Alonso, Rodrigo F. Díaz, J. M. Almenara, B. Samuel, Alexandre Santerne, S. Carpano, Michel Auvergne, Emmanuel Jehin, Neale P. Gibson, Lisa Nortmann, Anders Erikson, Pierre Barge, Davide Gandolfi, A. Léger, Daniel Rouan, Sz. Csizmadia, Pascal Bordé, Hans J. Deeg, Martin Paetzold, Didier Queloz, Aviv Ofir, Hans Bruntt, E. W. Guenther, Tristan Guillot, Ludmila Carone, M. Havel, G. Wuchterl, Jean Schneider, Heike Rauer, T. Pasternacki, Tsevi Mazeh, M. Fridlund, Artie P. Hatzes, J. C. Gazzano, Suzanne Aigrain, Juan Cabrera, C. Cavarroc, Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), School of Physics and Astronomy [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences [Tel Aviv] (TAU), Tel Aviv University (TAU)-Tel Aviv University (TAU), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Physics [Oxford], University of Oxford, DLR Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung (RIU), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Vienna [Vienna], Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Institute of Aerodynamics & Flow Technology, Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Physics, University of Exeter, Departamento de Matemàtica, PUC RIO, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stellar Astrophysics Centre [Aarhus] (SAC), Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ON/MCT (ON/MCT, 20921-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)), ON/MCT, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [São Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rhenish Institute for Environmental Research (RIU), University of Cologne, DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), and Institut für Astrophysik [Göttingen]

Subjects
transits, photometry, planetary systems, photometric, radial velocities, spectroscopic, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Ephemeris, 01 natural sciences, Jupiter, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Transit (astronomy), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Giant planet, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Exoplanet, Corot, Radial velocity, exoplanets, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Observations of transiting extrasolar planets are of key importance to our understanding of planets because their mass, radius, and mass density can be determined. The CoRoT space mission allows us to achieve a very high photometric accuracy. By combining CoRoT data with high-precision radial velocity measurements, we derive precise planetary radii and masses. We report the discovery of CoRoT-19b, a gas-giant planet transiting an old, inactive F9V-type star with a period of four days. After excluding alternative physical configurations mimicking a planetary transit signal, we determine the radius and mass of the planet by combining CoRoT photometry with high-resolution spectroscopy obtained with the echelle spectrographs SOPHIE, HARPS, FIES, and SANDIFORD. To improve the precision of its ephemeris and the epoch, we observed additional transits with the TRAPPIST and Euler telescopes. Using HARPS spectra obtained during the transit, we then determine the projected angle between the spin of the star and the orbit of the planet. We find that the host star of CoRoT-19b is an inactive F9V-type star close to the end of its main-sequence life. The host star has a mass M*=1.21+/-0.05 Msun and radius R*=1.65+/-0.04 Rsun. The planet has a mass of Mp=1.11+/-0.06 Mjup and radius of Rp=1.29+/-0.03 Rjup. The resulting bulk density is only rho=0.71+/-0.06 gcm-3, which is much lower than that for Jupiter. The exoplanet CoRoT-19b is an example of a giant planet of almost the same mass as Jupiter but a 30% larger radius., 6 pages, 7 figures

Published
2012

30. Planetary transit candidates in the CoRoT LRa01 field

Author

M. Hartmann, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Roi Alonso, Rodrigo F. Díaz, Stéphane Udry, Heike Rauer, Pascal Bordé, Ludmila Carone, William D. Cochran, Lev Tal-Or, Lisa Nortmann, Clara Régulo, Laurent Jorda, C. Lovis, A. Léger, Stefania Carpano, Francesco Pepe, P. Eigmueller, Markus Rabus, Sz. Csizmadia, A. S. Bonomo, Michael Endl, A. Baglin, H. Bruntt, J. Weingrill, J. M. Almenara, Hannu Parviainen, Sascha Grziwa, J. C. Gazzano, Davide Gandolfi, Aviv Ofir, Rudolf Dvorak, Martin Paetzold, Avi Shporer, P. Gondoin, C. Moutou, S. Dreizler, Michaël Gillon, Anders Erikson, Hans J. Deeg, Suzanne Aigrain, Magali Deleuil, A. P. Hatzes, Brandon Tingley, Jean Schneider, J. Cabrera, Pierre Barge, A. Alapini, B. Samuel, Jochen Eisloeffel, S. Renner, Helmut Lammer, A. Llebaria, Didier Queloz, Günther Wuchterl, Neale P. Gibson, M. Fridlund, Tristan Guillot, Frederic Pont, R. de la Reza, B. Stecklum, M. Auvergne, Alexandre Santerne, Marc Ollivier, G. Hebrard, Eike W. Guenther, François Bouchy, Tsevi Mazeh, Petr Kabath, D. Rouan, Michel Mayor, Phillip J. MacQueen, M. Havel, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bouchy, François, Gillon, Michael, Lovis, Christophe, Mayor, Michel, Pepe, Francesco Alfonso, Queloz, Didier, Udry, Stéphane, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
photometry, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Asteroseismology, photometric [techniques], techniques: photometric - techniques: radial velocities - techniques: spectroscopic - stars: planetary systems - binaries: eclipsing, eclipsing [binaries], spectroscopic, photometric, eclipsing, radial velocities, planetary systems, Primary (astronomy), Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Transit (astronomy), 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy, ESTRELAS BINÁRIAS, Astronomy and Astrophysics, radial velocities [techniques], Exoplanet, Radial velocity, CoRoT, Stars, exoplanets, Space and Planetary Science, transit method, ddc:520, spectroscopic [techniques], Geology, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context: CoRoT is a pioneering space mission whose primary goals are stellar seismology and extrasolar planets search. Its surveys of large stellar fields generate numerous planetary candidates whose lightcurves have transit-like features. An extensive analytical and observational follow-up effort is undertaken to classify these candidates. Aims: The list of planetary transit candidates from the CoRoT LRa01 star field in the Monoceros constellation towards the Galactic anti-center is presented. The CoRoT observations of LRa01 lasted from 24 October 2007 to 3 March 2008. Methods: 7470 chromatic and 3938 monochromatic lightcurves were acquired and analysed. Instrumental noise and stellar variability were treated with several filtering tools by different teams from the CoRoT community. Different transit search algorithms were applied to the lightcurves. Results: Fifty-one stars were classified as planetary transit candidates in LRa01. Thirty-seven (i.e., 73 % of all candidates) are "good" planetary candidates based on photometric analysis only. Thirty-two (i.e., 87 % of the "good" candidates) have been followed-up. At the time of this writing twenty-two cases have been solved and five planets have been discovered: three transiting hot-Jupiters (CoRoT-5b, CoRoT-12b, and CoRoT-21b), the first terrestrial transiting planet (CoRoT-7b), and another planet in the same system (CoRoT-7c, detected by radial velocity survey only). Evidences of another non-transiting planet in the CoRoT-7 system, namely CoRoT-7d, have been recently found., Comment: 30 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A, Section 14 "Catalogs and Data"

Published
2012

31. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission - XIX. CoRoT-23b: a dense hot Jupiter on an eccentric orbit

Author

Sz. Csizmadia, Aviv Ofir, Pierre Barge, C. Moutou, Michaël Gillon, M. Ollivier, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Roi Alonso, Rodrigo F. Díaz, B. Samuel, Tsevi Mazeh, Suzanne Aigrain, Jean Schneider, Alexandre Santerne, Heike Rauer, M. Havel, Anders Erikson, Helmut Lammer, G. Wuchterl, Aldo S. Bonomo, Didier Queloz, C. Cavarroc, Laurent Jorda, Antoine Llebaria, Daniel Rouan, Pascal Bordé, Davide Gandolfi, Rudolf Dvorak, Tristan Guillot, A. Léger, C. Lovis, Magali Deleuil, François Bouchy, Hannu Parviainen, Martin Pätzold, B. Tingley, M. Fridlund, Artie P. Hatzes, Annie Baglin, Guillaume Hébrard, Michel Auvergne, Juan Cabrera, Hans J. Deeg, Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität zu Köln, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], media_common.quotation_subject, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Orbital eccentricity, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, FOTOMETRIA, 01 natural sciences, techniques: spectroscopic – techniques: photometric – stars: fundamental parameters – planetary systems – techniques: radial velocities, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Hot Jupiter, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Eccentricity (behavior), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Subgiant, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Planetary mass, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the detection of CoRoT-23b, a hot Jupiter transiting in front of its host star with a period of 3.6314 \pm 0.0001 days. This planet was discovered thanks to photometric data secured with the CoRoT satellite, combined with spectroscopic radial velocity (RV) measurements. A photometric search for possible background eclipsing binaries conducted at CFHT and OGS concluded with a very low risk of false positives. The usual techniques of combining RV and transit data simultaneously were used to derive stellar and planetary parameters. The planet has a mass of Mp = 2.8 \pm 0.3 MJup, a radius of Rpl = 1.05 \pm 0.13 RJup, a density of \approx 3 g cm-3. RV data also clearly reveal a non zero eccentricity of e = 0.16 \pm 0.02. The planet orbits a mature G0 main sequence star of V =15.5 mag, with a mass M\star = 1.14 \pm 0.08 M\odot, a radius R\star = 1. 61 \pm 0.18 R\odot and quasi-solar abundances. The age of the system is evaluated to be 7 Gyr, not far from the transition to subgiant, in agreement with the rather large stellar radius. The two features of a significant eccentricity of the orbit and of a fairly high density are fairly uncommon for a hot Jupiter. The high density is, however, consistent with a model of contraction of a planet at this mass, given the age of the system. On the other hand, at such an age, circularization is expected to be completed. In fact, we show that for this planetary mass and orbital distance, any initial eccentricity should not totally vanish after 7 Gyr, as long as the tidal quality factor Qp is more than a few 105, a value that is the lower bound of the usually expected range. Even if Corot-23b features a density and an eccentricity that are atypical of a hot Jupiter, it is thus not an enigmatic object., Astronomy & Astrophysics in press

Published
2011

32. Defining and cataloging exoplanets: The exoplanet.eu database

Author

Cyrill Dedieu, Renaud Savalle, Pierre Le Sidaner, Ivan Zolotukhin, and Jean Schneider

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Point (typography), Database, Computer science, Online database, FOS: Physical sciences, Cataloging, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Direct imaging, Planetary system, computer.software_genre, Exoplanet, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Host (network), computer, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe an online database for extra-solar planetary-mass candidates, updated regularly as new data are available. We first discuss criteria for the inclusion of objects in the catalog: "definition" of a planet and several aspects of the confidence level of planet candidates. {\bf We are led to point out the conflict between sharpness of belonging or not to a catalogue and fuzziness of the confidence level.} We then describe the different tables of extra-solar planetary systems, including unconfirmed candidates (which will ultimately be confirmed, or not, by direct imaging). It also provides online tools: histogrammes of planet and host star data, cross-correlations between these parameters and some VO services. Future evolutions of the database are presented., Accepted in Astronomy and Astrophysics (revised version)

Published
2011

33. The extreme physical properties of the CoRoT-7b super-Earth

Author

Guy Libourel, B. Samuel, Pierre Barge, C. Cavarroc, A. Léger, Rory Barnes, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Sean N. Raymond, John Leibacher, Jean Schneider, Laura Schaefer, A. S. Maurin, Bruce Fegley, P. Cance, Olivier Grasset, Franck Selsis, Francis Codron, Franco Catalano, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, Christophe Sotin, A.F. Albarede, S. Carpy, Olivier Demangeon, Pavel Gabor, D. Rouan, Peter A. Schuller, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planetary Chemistry Laboratory [St Louis], Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [St Louis], Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL)-Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Ecole Normale Supérieure (LST), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Department of Astronomy [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas [São Paulo] (IAG), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Solar Observatory, Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique UMR6112 (LPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Nantes - Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université d'Angers (UA), Washington University in St Louis-Washington University in St Louis, Washington University in St Louis, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas [Sao Paulo] (IAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Solar System, Atmospheres, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Exobiology, Kepler-10b, Terrestrial planets, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Super-Earth, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mineralogy, Silicate, Exoplanet, Extrasolar planets, CoRoT-7b, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Terrestrial planet, super-Earth, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The search for rocky exoplanets plays an important role in our quest for extra-terrestrial life. Here, we discuss the extreme physical properties possible for the first characterized rocky super-Earth, CoRoT-7b (R_pl = 1.58 \pm 0.10 R_Earth, Mpl = 6.9 \pm 1.2 M_Earth). It is extremely close to its star (a = 0.0171 AU = 4.48 R_st), with its spin and orbital rotation likely synchronized. The comparison of its location in the (Mpl, Rpl) plane with the predictions of planetary models for different compositions points to an Earth-like composition, even if the error bars of the measured quantities and the partial degeneracy of the models prevent a definitive conclusion. The proximity to its star provides an additional constraint on the model. It implies a high extreme-UV flux and particle wind, and the corresponding efficient erosion of the planetary atmosphere especially for volatile species including water. Consequently, we make the working hypothesis that the planet is rocky with no volatiles in its atmosphere, and derive the physical properties that result. As a consequence, the atmosphere is made of rocky vapours with a very low pressure (P \leq 1.5 Pa), no cloud can be sustained, and no thermalisation of the planetary is expected. The dayside is very hot (2474 \leq 71 K at the sub-stellar point) while the nightside is very cold (50 to 75 K). The sub-stellar point is as hot as the tungsten filament of an incandescent bulb, resulting in the melting and distillation of silicate rocks and the formation of a lava ocean. These possible features of CoRoT-7b could be common to many small and hot planets, including the recently discovered Kepler-10b. They define a new class of objects that we propose to name "Lava-ocean planets".

Published
2011

34. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XVI. CoRoT-14b: an unusually dense very hot Jupiter

Author

Eike W. Guenther, Tsevi Mazeh, Günther Wuchterl, Michael Endl, François Bouchy, Laurent Jorda, Davide Gandolfi, Sz. Csizmadia, J. M. Almenara, A. P. Hatzes, J. Cabrera, M. Auvergne, Aviv Ofir, Heike Rauer, Brandon Tingley, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, L. Carone, Anders Erikson, Roi Alonso, M. Pätzold, M. Fridlund, D. Rouan, C. Lovis, A. S. Bonomo, B. Samuel, A. Llebaria, H. J. Deeg, T. Guillot, M. Gillon, A. Léger, Phillip J. MacQueen, A. Shporer, Jean Schneider, Stefania Carpano, A. Baglin, Rudolf Dvorak, Pierre Barge, William D. Cochran, C. Moutou, Pascal Bordé, H. Bruntt, Francesco Pepe, Marc Ollivier, M. Deleuil, Suzanne Aigrain, G. Hebrard, D. Queloz, Helmut Lammer, J. C. Gazzano, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, COROT, Hot Jupiters​, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Jupiter, Orbit, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, extrasolar planets, 0103 physical sciences, Hot Jupiter, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

In this paper, the CoRoT Exoplanet Science Team announces its 14th discovery. Herein, we discuss the observations and analyses that allowed us to derive the parameters of this system: a hot Jupiter with a mass of $7.6 \pm 0.6$ Jupiter masses orbiting a solar-type star (F9V) with a period of only 1.5 d, less than 5 stellar radii from its parent star. It is unusual for such a massive planet to have such a small orbit: only one other known exoplanet with a higher mass orbits with a shorter period., 7 pages, 10 figures, accepted to Astronomy and Astrophysics

Published
2011

35. Exoplanet discoveries with the CoRoT space observatory

Author

Petr Kabath, David R. Ciardi, H. Ottacher, Hans J. Deeg, François Bouchy, Laurent Jorda, B. Samuel, A. P. Hatzes, Pascal Bordé, T. A. Lister, R. den Hartog, J. Weingrill, Pierre Barge, Willy Benz, M. Fridlund, C. Lovis, Magali Deleuil, Günther Wuchterl, Ludmila Carone, A. Llebaria, M. Steller, J. Hasiba, H. Bruntt, S. Carpano, A. Baglin, Rudolf Dvorak, M. Havel, A. Léger, Markus Rabus, Michel Mayor, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Eike W. Guenther, Roi Alonso, M. Hidas, Tsevi Mazeh, Stéphane Udry, Tristan Guillot, Daniel Rouan, Frederic Pont, Juan Cabrera, Aldo S. Bonomo, Brandon Tingley, Szilard Csizmadia, Jean Schneider, Avi Shporer, C. Moutou, Michaël Gillon, Anders Erikson, J.-C. Gazzano, Suzanne Aigrain, Martin Pätzold, Didier Queloz, Davide Gandolfi, Francesco Pepe, Alessandro Mura, Marc Ollivier, B. Stecklum, Rachel Street, Michel Auvergne, J. M. Almenara, G. Hebrard, Heike Rauer, P. Gondoin, Mauro Barbieri, Helmut Lammer, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Super-Earth, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Brown dwarf, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, CoRoT, Extrasolare Planten, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Hot Jupiter, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Terrestrial planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Transit (astronomy), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Discoveries of exoplanets
Abstract

The CoRoT space observatory is a project which is led by the French space agency CNES and leading space research institutes in Austria, Brazil, Belgium, Germany and Spain and also the European Space Agency ESA. CoRoT observed since its launch in December 27, 2006 about 100 000 stars for the exoplanet channel, during 150 days uninterrupted high-precision photometry. Since the The CoRoT-team has several exoplanet candidates which are currently analyzed under its study, we report here the discoveries of nine exoplanets which were observed by CoRoT. Discovered exoplanets such as CoRoT-3b populate the brown dwarf desert and close the gap of measured physical properties between usual gas giants and very low mass stars. CoRoT discoveries extended the known range of planet masses down to about 4.8 Earth-masses (CoRoT-7b) and up to 21 Jupiter masses (CoRoT-3b), the radii to about 1.68 × 0.09 REarth (CoRoT-7b) and up to the most inflated hot Jupiter with 1.49 × 0.09 REarth found so far (CoRoT-1b), and the transiting exoplanet with the longest period of 95.274 days (CoRoT-9b). Giant exoplanets have been detected at low metallicity, rapidly rotating and active, spotted stars. Two CoRoT planets have host stars with the lowest content of heavy elements known to show a transit hinting towards a different planethost-star-metallicity relation then the one found by radial-velocity search programs. Finally the properties of the CoRoT-7b prove that rocky planets with a density close to Earth exist outside the Solar System. Finally the detection of the secondary transit of CoRoT-1b at a sensitivity level of 10-5 and the very clear detection of the "super-Earth" CoRoT-7b at 3.5 × 10-4 relative flux are promising evidence that the space observatory is being able to detect even smaller exoplanets with the size of the Earth. © 2010 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

Published
2010

36. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission XIV. CoRoT-11b: a transiting massive 'hot-Jupiter' in a prograde orbit around a rapidly rotating F-type star

Author

Sz. Csizmadia, P. Eigmüller, Michael Endl, M. Fridlund, Suzanne Aigrain, François Bouchy, Annie Baglin, Artie P. Hatzes, M. Ollivier, H. Bruntt, William D. Cochran, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Tsevi Mazeh, Didier Queloz, B. Samuel, P. Gondoin, M. Havel, C. Moutou, Roi Alonso, G. Wuchterl, Petr Kabath, Tristan Guillot, Michaël Gillon, Aldo S. Bonomo, Hans J. Deeg, Martin Pätzold, Daniel Rouan, Antoine Llebaria, Neale P. Gibson, Jochen Eislöffel, S. Carpano, Rudolf Dvorak, Jean Schneider, J. C. Gazzano, Michel Mayor, Pascal Bordé, Pierre Barge, Heike Rauer, Helmut Lammer, Anders Erikson, M. Hartmann, A. Léger, Laurent Jorda, Magali Deleuil, Juan Cabrera, Phillip J. MacQueen, Ludmila Carone, E. W. Guenther, Guillaume Hébrard, B. Stecklum, Michel Auvergne, Stéphane Udry, Brandon Tingley, Francesco Pepe, Davide Gandolfi, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Dwarf star, planetary systems, techniques: photometric, techniques: radial velocities, techniques: spectroscopic, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Extrasolare Planeten, FOS: Physical sciences, Photometrie, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Hot Jupiter, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, Orbital period, Radialgeschwindigkeit, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Stars, 13. Climate action, Planetary mass, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The CoRoT exoplanet science team announces the discovery of CoRoT-11b, a fairly massive hot-Jupiter transiting a V=12.9 mag F6 dwarf star (M*=1.27 +/- 0.05 Msun, R*=1.37 +/- 0.03 Rsun, Teff=6440 +/- 120 K), with an orbital period of P=2.994329 +/- 0.000011 days and semi-major axis a=0.0436 +/- 0.005 AU. The detection of part of the radial velocity anomaly caused by the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect shows that the transit-like events detected by CoRoT are caused by a planet-sized transiting object in a prograde orbit. The relatively high projected rotational velocity of the star (vsini=40+/-5 km/s) places CoRoT-11 among the most rapidly rotating planet host stars discovered so far. With a planetary mass of mp=2.33+/-0.34 Mjup and radius rp=1.43+/-0.03 Rjup, the resulting mean density of CoRoT-11b (rho=0.99+/-0.15 g/cm^3) can be explained with a model for an inflated hydrogen-planet with a solar composition and a high level of energy dissipation in its interior., Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2010

37. See-coast: polarimetric and spectral characterization of exoplanets with a small space telescope

Author

Anne-Lise Maire, Pierre Baudoz, Anthony Boccaletti, Samuel Ronayette, Raphaël Galicher, Jean Schneider, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupement d'Intérêt Scientifique du Partenariat Haute résolution Angulaire Sol-Espace (GIS PHASE ), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Pôle Astronomie du LESIA, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)

Subjects
Physics, Cosmic Vision, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Giant planet, Astronomy, Optical polarization, Orbital mechanics, Exoplanet, law.invention, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, Planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; To characterize orbits and atmospheres of exoplanets with large orbits (>= a few AU), direct imaging is nowadays the sole way. From space, this involves high contrast imaging techniques as coronagraphy, differential imaging or wavefront control. Several methods exist or are under development and several small (~1.5m) space telescope missions are proposed. One of them is See-coast (super-Earth explorer coronagraphic off-axis space telescope) which will be proposed to the next ESA Cosmic Vision call. It will provide polarimetric and spectral characterization of giant gazeous planets and possibly Super-Earths in visible light. In this paper, we first detail science cases of this mission. We then describe the foreseen telescope design and its instrumentation. We finally derive performance for a particular instrumental configuration from numerical simulation and we show how See-coast can retrieve planet spectra.

Published
2010

38. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. XI. CoRoT-8b: a hot and dense sub-Saturn around a K1 dwarf

Author

C. Moutou, J. Weingrill, Michaël Gillon, C. Lovis, Magali Deleuil, Pascal Bordé, Suzanne Aigrain, François Bouchy, Michel Mayor, Aldo S. Bonomo, Szilard Csizmadia, Alexandre Santerne, Ludmila Carone, Anders Erikson, Willy Benz, B. Samuel, Pierre Barge, Brandon Tingley, E. W. Guenther, P. Guterman, Juan Cabrera, Daniel Rouan, Tsevi Mazeh, S. Carpano, J. C. Gazzano, J. M. Almenara, Martin Pätzold, Francesco Pepe, Davide Gandolfi, Annie Baglin, M. Fridlund, Artie P. Hatzes, H. Bruntt, Guillaume Hébrard, Rudolf Dvorak, Marc Ollivier, Michel Auvergne, Stéphane Udry, Jean Schneider, Heike Rauer, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Roi Alonso, Didier Queloz, Tristan Guillot, Hans J. Deeg, Helmut Lammer, Laurent Jorda, A. Léger, M. Havel, G. Wuchterl, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Orbital elements, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Extrasolare Planeten, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Photometrie, Radius, Astrophysics, Radialgeschwindigkeit, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Neptune, Saturn, 0103 physical sciences, Transit (astronomy), Circular orbit, Detektion, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of CoRoT-8b, a dense small Saturn-class exoplanet that orbits a K1 dwarf in 6.2 days, and we derive its orbital parameters, mass, and radius. We analyzed two complementary data sets: the photometric transit curve of CoRoT-8b as measured by CoRoT and the radial velocity curve of CoRoT-8 as measured by the HARPS spectrometer. We find that CoRoT-8b is on a circular orbit with a semi-major axis of 0.063 +/- 0.001 AU. It has a radius of 0.57 +/- 0.02 RJ, a mass of 0.22 +/- 0.03 MJ, and therefore a mean density 1.6 +/- 0.1 g/cm^3. With 67 % of the size of Saturn and 72 % of its mass, CoRoT-8b has a density comparable to that of Neptune (1.76 g/cm^3). We estimate its content in heavy elements to be 47-63 Earth masses, and the mass of its hydrogen-helium envelope to be 7-23 Earth masses. At 0.063 AU, the thermal loss of hydrogen of CoRoT-8b should be no more than about 0.1 % over an assumed integrated lifetime of 3~Ga., Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Published
2010

39. The far future of exoplanet direct characterization

Author

Thomas Henning, William C. Danchi, Alan J. Penny, Glenn J. White, René Liseau, Alain Léger, Carlos Eiroa, Lisa Kaltenegger, Francesco Paresce, Franck Selsis, Andreas Quirrenbach, Malcolm Fridlund, Jonathan I. Lunine, Giovanna Tinetti, Huub Roettgering, Jean Schneider, Daphne Stam, Tom Herbst, Helmut Lammer, Charles Beichman, Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), University College of London [London] (UCL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Universiteit Leiden, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)

Subjects
Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Spectrum Analysis, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Direct imaging, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Exoplanet, Characterization (materials science), Astrobiology, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Fourth generation, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Forecasting, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In this outlook we describe what could be the next steps of the direct characterization of habitable exoplanets after first the medium and large mission projects and investigate the benefits of the spectroscopic and direct imaging approaches. We show that after third and fourth generation missions foreseeable for the next 100 years, we will face a very long era before being able to see directly the morphology of extrasolar organisms., Draft of a paper accepted in Astrobiology

Published
2010

40. Geophysical and atmospheric evolution of habitable planets

Author

Günter Stangl, Glenn J. White, Thomas Henning, Doris Breuer, W. Hausleitner, Helfried K. Biernat, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, Andreas Quirrenbach, Jonathan I. Lunine, Hannes Gröller, Eric Chassefière, Tom Herbst, Charles Beichman, Yuri N. Kulikov, Richard Lundin, Alan J. Penny, Herbert Lichtenegger, René Liseau, Uwe Motschmann, Helmut Lammer, Carlos Eiroa, Lisa Kaltenegger, Francesco Paresce, Tilman Spohn, Petra Odert, John Parnell, François Leblanc, Heike Rauer, Nikolai V. Erkaev, Esa Kallio, A. Stadelmann, Jean Schneider, Huub Röttgering, Martin Leitzinger, Maxim L. Khodachenko, Alain Léger, Arnold Hanslmeier, Giovanna Tinetti, Siegfried J. Bauer, William C. Danchi, Frances Westall, Malcolm Fridlund, Daphne Stam, Franck Selsis, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DLR Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), Polar Geophysical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (PGI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Computational Modelling of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICM SB RAS), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Kiruna] (IRF), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institute of Physics [Graz], Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], NASA ExoPlanet Science Institute (NExScI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Institut für Theoretische Physik [Braunschweig], Technische Universität Braunschweig = Technical University of Braunschweig [Braunschweig], Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, and Universiteit Leiden

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Kepler-69c, Habitability, Rare Earth hypothesis, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Planets, Environment, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Physics::Geophysics, Eccentric Jupiter, Magnetics, Galactic habitable zone, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Terrestrial planets, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radiation, Planetary habitability, Atmosphere, Astronomy, Water, Geophysics, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Habitability of orange dwarf systems, Earth analog, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Atmosphere evolution, Terrestrial planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Evolution, Planetary, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The evolution of Earth-like habitable planets is a complex process that depends on the geodynamical and geophysical environments. In particular, it is necessary that plate tectonics remain active over billions of years. These geophysically active environments are strongly coupled to a planet's host star parameters, such as mass, luminosity and activity, orbit location of the habitable zone, and the planet's initial water inventory. Depending on the host star's radiation and particle flux evolution, the composition in the thermosphere, and the availability of an active magnetic dynamo, the atmospheres of Earth-like planets within their habitable zones are differently affected due to thermal and nonthermal escape processes. For some planets, strong atmospheric escape could even effect the stability of the atmosphere

Published
2010

41. Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission. X. CoRoT-10b: a giant planet in a 13.24 day eccentric orbit

Author

Pierre Barge, M. Pätzold, Marc Ollivier, M. Fridlund, A. P. Hatzes, François Bouchy, C. Moutou, J. Cabrera, Davide Gandolfi, A. F. Lanza, Willy Benz, A. S. Bonomo, Laurent Jorda, Pascal Bordé, D. Rouan, Sz. Csizmadia, Günther Wuchterl, M. Gillon, H. J. Deeg, A. Santerne, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, Eike W. Guenther, Brandon Tingley, Roi Alonso, Tsevi Mazeh, Stéphane Udry, Stefania Carpano, A. Baglin, M. Havel, H. Bruntt, Rudolf Dvorak, Francesco Pepe, B. Samuel, M. Mayor, Jean Schneider, J. C. Gazzano, Antoine Llebaria, Anders Erikson, Suzanne Aigrain, A. Léger, Tristan Guillot, Andrew Collier Cameron, L. Carone, Heike Rauer, D. Queloz, Helmut Lammer, M. Auvergne, M. Deleuil, G. Hebrard, M. Barbieri, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extrasolare Planeten, Orbital eccentricity, Photometrie, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Photometry (optics), Spitzer Space Telescope, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Giant planet, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radialgeschwindigkeit, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Stars, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The space telescope CoRoT searches for transiting extrasolar planets by continuously monitoring the optical flux of thousands of stars in several fields of view. We report the discovery of CoRoT-10b, a giant planet on a highly eccentric orbit (e=0.53 +/- 0.04) revolving in 13.24 days around a faint (V=15.22) metal-rich K1V star. We use CoRoT photometry, radial velocity observations taken with the HARPS spectrograph, and UVES spectra of the parent star to derive the orbital, stellar and planetary parameters. We derive a radius of the planet of 0.97 +/- 0.07 R_Jup and a mass of 2.75 +/- 0.16 M_Jup. The bulk density, rho_pl=3.70 +/- 0.83 g/cm^3, is ~2.8 that of Jupiter. The core of CoRoT-10b could contain up to 240 M_Earth of heavy elements. Moving along its eccentric orbit, the planet experiences a 10.6-fold variation in insolation. Owing to the long circularisation time, tau_circ > 7 Gyr, a resonant perturber is not required to excite and maintain the high eccentricity of CoRoT-10b.

Published
2010

42. The Search for Worlds Like Our Own

Author

Peter R. Lawson, Oliver P. Lay, Luigi D'Arcio, Mikael Kilter, Franck Selsis, William C. Danchi, Jonathan I. Lunine, René Liseau, Charles Beichman, Tom Herbst, Charles Hanot, Alan J. Penny, Thomas Henning, Huub Röttgering, Carlos Eiroa, Philippe Gondoin, Lisa Kaltenegger, Francesco Paresce, Anna-Maria Stankov, Malcolm Fridlund, Christian Erd, Michael Devirian, A. Karlsson, Jean Schneider, Roland den Hartog, Glenn J. White, Olivier Absil, Kenneth J. Johnston, Alain Léger, Giovanna Tinetti, Daniel R. Coulter, Daphne Stam, Andreas Quirrenbach, Denis Defrere, Helmut Lammer, Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Milton Keynes], The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, University College of London [London] (UCL), NASA ExoPlanet Science Institute (NExScI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), and Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge]

Subjects
Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], media_common.quotation_subject, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Planets, 01 natural sciences, Kepler, Astrobiology, Life, Planet, Heresy, 0103 physical sciences, Humans, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Copernicus, Physics, Habitability, Atmosphere, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Exoplanet, Space and Planetary Science, Research Design, Darwin (spacecraft), Solar System, Classics
Abstract

International audience; The direct detection of Earth-like exoplanets orbiting nearby stars and the characterization of such planets -- particularly, their evolution, their atmospheres, and their ability to host life -- constitute a significant problem. The quest for other worlds as abodes of life has been one of mankind's great questions for several millennia. For instance, as stated by Epicurus 300 BC: Other worlds, with plants and other living things, some of them similar and some of them different from ours, must exist. Demokritos from Abdera (460-370 BC), the man who invented the concept of indivisible small parts - atoms - also held the belief that other worlds exist around the stars and that some of these worlds may be inhabited by life-forms. The idea of the plurality of worlds and of life on them has since been held by scientists like Johannes Kepler and William Herschel, among many others. Here, one must also mention Giordano Bruno. Born in 1548, Bruno studied in France and came into contact with the teachings of Nicolas Copernicus. He wrote the book De l'Infinito, Universo e Mondi in 1584, in which he claimed that the Universe was infinite, that it contained an infinite amount of worlds like Earth, and that these worlds were inhabited by intelligent beings. At the time, this was extremely controversial, and eventually Bruno was arrested by the church and burned at the stake in Rome in 1600, as a heretic, for promoting this and other equally confrontational issues (though it is unclear exactly which idea was the one that ultimately brought him to his end). In all the aforementioned cases, the opinions and results were arrived at through reasoning not by experiment. We have only recently acquired the technological capability to observe planets orbiting stars other than 6our Sun; acquisition of this capability has been a remarkable feat of our time. We show in this introduction to the Habitability Primer that mankind is at the dawning of an age when, by way of the scientific method and 21st-century technology, we will be able to answer this fascinating controversial issue that has persisted for at least 2500 years.

Published
2010

43. Dynamical Habitability of Planetary Systems

Author

Glenn J. White, Richard P. Schwarz, Barbara Funk, Helmut Lammer, Tom Herbst, René Liseau, William C. Danchi, Carlos Eiroa, Malcolm Fridlund, Lisa Kaltenegger, Francesco Paresce, Alan J. Penny, Andreas Quirrenbach, Huub Röttgering, Elke Pilat-Lohinger, Jonathan I. Lunine, Jean Schneider, Alain Léger, Giovanna Tinetti, Eric Bois, Daphne Stam, Rudolf Dvorak, Franck Selsis, Thomas Henning, Charles Beichman, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA ExoPlanet Science Institute (NExScI), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Department of Radio and Space Science [Göteborg], Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Landessternwarte Königstuhl [ZAH] (LSW), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Observatoire de Paris - Site de Meudon (OBSPM), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), University College of London [London] (UCL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Milton Keynes], and The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU)

Subjects
Physics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Planets, Astronomy, Planetary system, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Habitability of orange dwarf systems, Exoplanet, Astrobiology, Kepler-47, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, Jupiter, 0103 physical sciences, Terrestrial planet, Solar System, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Planetary mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Planetary migration
Abstract

International audience; The problem of the stability of planetary systems, a question that concerns only multiplanetary systems that host at least two planets, is discussed. The problem of mean motion resonances is addressed prior to discussion of the dynamical structure of the more than 350 known planets. The difference with regard to our own Solar System with eight planets on low eccentricity is evident in that 60% of the known extrasolar planets have orbits with eccentricity e > 0.2. We theoretically highlight the studies concerning possible terrestrial planets in systems with a Jupiter-like planet. We emphasize that an orbit of a particular nature only will keep a planet within the habitable zone around a host star with respect to the semimajor axis and its eccentricity. In addition, some results are given for individual systems (e.g., Gl777A) with regard to the stability of orbits within habitable zones. We also review what is known about the orbits of planets in double-star systems around only one component (e.g., gamma Cephei) and around both stars (e.g., eclipsing binaries).

Published
2010

44. Identification of Saturn Lightnings Recorded by the UTR-2 Radio Telescope and Cassini Spacecraft

Author

Rodolphe Weber, L. Pallier, C. Fabrice, Jean Schneider, Alexandr A. Konovalenko, V. A. Shevchenko, H. O. Rucker, Georg Fischer, V. Nikolaenko, K. Mylostna, B. P. Ryabov, R. V. Kozhyn, M. A. Sidorchuk, V. V. Vinogradov, D. V. Mukha, A. Coffre, Dmitry M. Vavriv, P. Ravier, Vladimir B. Ryabov, Loïc Denis, Baptiste Cecconi, J.-M. Griebmeier, P. Zarka, V. V. Zakharenko, and POTHIER, Nathalie

Subjects
Physics, Spacecraft, Waves in plasmas, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Storm, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, General Medicine, General Chemistry, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Radio telescope, [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], Saturn, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, business
Abstract

The Saturn electrostatic discharges (SED) simultaneously recorded in the initial period of storm F at the UTR-2 radio telescope and Cassini spacecraft are investigated. The UTR-2 used the FFT-spectral receiver operating 12÷33 MHz, while the Cassini the serial spectrum analyser RPWS (Radio Plasma Wave Science) operating 1.8÷16 MHz. The ground and space data processed have shown very good agreement. E-folding time of SED and its dependence on episode intensity in the initial period of storm F were determined.

Published
2010

45. ACCESS: A Concept Study for the Direct Imaging and Spectroscopy of Exoplanetary Systems

Author

David N. Spergel, Gary Matthews, M. Ealey, Dwight Moody, James W. Alexander, John Krist, Jason Elias, Stuart B. Shaklan, Robert Egerman, Thomas R. Price, Eugene Serabyn, Yves Conturie, Constance Spittler, Curtis Henry, Phillip Vallone, Virgil Mireles, Ruslan Belikov, Olivia R. Dawson, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Reem Hejal, Paul Brugarolas, Charles F. Lillie, Ronald S. Polidan, Nick Saldivar, Perry Voyer, Robert A. Brown, John T. Trauger, Jean Schneider, Karl R. Stapelfeldt, Wesley A. Traub, Peggy Park, Bruce E. Woodgate, David W Lee, Robert J. Vanderbei, Dimitri Mawet, Jeremy Kasdin, Robert O. Gappinger, Laurent Pueyo, Allen J. Bronowicki, Olivier Guyon, du Foresto, Vincent Coudé, Gelino, Dawn M., Ribas, Ignasi, Oschmann, Jacobus M., Jr., Clampin, Mark C., and MacEwen, Howard A.

Subjects
Physics, Spacecraft, business.industry, Astronomy, Active optics, Occultation, Exoplanet, law.invention, Starlight, Telescope, Spitzer Space Telescope, law, business, Coronagraph
Abstract

ACCESS is one of four medium-class mission concepts selected for study in 2008-9 by NASA's Astrophysics Strategic Mission Concepts Study program. ACCESS evaluates a space observatory designed for extreme high-contrast imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanetary systems. An actively-corrected coronagraph is used to suppress the glare of diffracted and scattered starlight to contrast levels required for exoplanet imaging. The ACCESS study considered the relative merits and readiness of four major coronagraph types, and modeled their performance with a NASA medium-class space telescope. The ACCESS study asks: What is the most capable medium-class coronagraphic mission that is possible with telescope, instrument, and spacecraft technologies available today? Using demonstrated high-TRL technologies, the ACCESS science program surveys the nearest 120+ AFGK stars for exoplanet systems, and surveys the majority of those for exozodiacal dust to the level of 1 zodi at 3 AU. Coronagraph technology developments in the coming year are expected to further enhance the science reach of the ACCESS mission concept.

Published
2010

46. Exoplanet status report: Observation, characterization and evolution of exoplanets and their host stars

Author

Enric Palle, Manuel Güdel, N. Sarda, Martin Leitzinger, Siegfried Eggl, Ignasi Ribas, Mathieu Barthelemy, Esa Kallio, Jean Schneider, Maxim L. Khodachenko, W. Hausleitner, K. Kyslyakova, Rudolf Dvorak, E. Günther, Mariangela Bonavita, E. Lohinger, L. V. Ksanfomality, Valery I. Shematovich, A. Tavrov, Helmut O. Rucker, I. K. Stateva, M. Fridlund, M. Xiang-Grüß, Mats Holmström, Yu. N. Kulikov, V. Coudé du Foresto, Petra Odert, Ansgar Reiners, V. Eybl, Alessandro Sozzetti, A. R. Belu, René Liseau, A. A. Konovalenko, Sandro Krauss, J. Seckbach, Helmut Lammer, Arnold Hanslmeier, Jean-Mathias Grießmeier, Dmitry Bisikalo, Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Hippolyte Fizeau (FIZEAU), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), ON/MCT (ON/MCT, 20921-030, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)), ON/MCT, Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Polar Geophysical Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (PGI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Neurobiologie des états de veille et de sommeil (EA3734), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron], Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INASAN), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), European Space Agency (ESA)-European Space Agency (ESA), Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier [Bron]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon

Subjects
Physics, Solar System, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.EP]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Exoplanetology, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, Astrobiology, Planetary science, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, Sub-Earth, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Space Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Discoveries of exoplanets
Abstract

International audience; After the discovery of more than 400 planets beyond our Solar System, the characterization of exoplanets as well as their host stars can be considered as one of the fastest growing fields in space science during the past decade. The characterization of exoplanets can only be carried out in a well coordinated interdisciplinary way which connects planetary science, solar/stellar physics and astrophysics. We present a status report on the characterization of exoplanets and their host stars by reviewing the relevant space- and ground-based projects. One finds that the previous strategy changed from space mission concepts which were designed to search, find and characterize Earth-like rocky exoplanets to: A statistical study of planetary objects in order to get information about their abundance, an identification of potential target and finally its analysis. Spectral analysis of exoplanets is mandatory, particularly to identify bio-signatures on Earth-like planets. Direct characterization of exoplanets should be done by spectroscopy, both in the visible and in the infrared spectral range. The way leading to the direct detection and characterization of exoplanets is then paved by several questions, either concerning the pre-required science or the associated observational strategy.

Published
2010

47. A transiting giant planet with a temperature between 250 K and 430 K

Author

Daniel Rouan, Günther Wuchterl, Pierre Barge, C. Lovis, Magali Deleuil, Frederic Pont, Sylvio Ferraz-Mello, François Bouchy, J. M. Almenara, David R. Ciardi, Roi Alonso, Jean Schneider, S. Carpano, Stéphane Udry, Sz. Csizmadia, Avi Shporer, T. A. Lister, G. Hebrard, Brandon Tingley, A. Baglin, Ludmila Carone, Rudolf Dvorak, Hans J. Deeg, A. P. Hatzes, P. Gondoin, M. Hidas, R. den Hartog, M. Havel, Petr Kabath, J. Weingrill, M. Fridlund, Laurent Jorda, H. Bruntt, Michaël Gillon, Anders Erikson, Willy Benz, Juan Cabrera, Eike W. Guenther, J.-C. Gazzano, Tsevi Mazeh, Marc Ollivier, Suzanne Aigrain, A. Léger, Markus Rabus, D. Queloz, Mauro Barbieri, Helmut Lammer, B. Stecklum, Tristan Guillot, Aldo S. Bonomo, A. Llebaria, Rachel Street, Michel Mayor, Heike Rauer, C. Moutou, Martin Pätzold, M. Auvergne, Francesco Pepe, Davide Gandolfi, Pascal Bordé, B. Samuel, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Giant planet, Astronomy, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Exoplanet, 13. Climate action, Planet, extrasolare Planeten - Transitmethode - CoRoT 9b, 0103 physical sciences, Terrestrial planet, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Kepler-62, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Primary atmosphere, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Planetary mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Discoveries of exoplanets
Abstract

Of the over 400 known1 exoplanets, there are about 70 planets that transit their central star, a situation that permits the derivation of their basic parameters and facilitates investigations of their atmospheres. Some short-period planets2, including the first terrestrial exoplanet3,4 (CoRoT-7b), have been discovered using a space mission5 designed to find smaller and more distant planets than can be seen from the ground. Here we report transit observations of CoRoT-9b, which orbits with a period of 95.274 days on a low eccentricity of 0.11 ± 0.04 around a solar-like star. Its periastron distance of 0.36 astronomical units is by far the largest of all transiting planets, yielding a ‘temperate’ photospheric temperature estimated to be between 250 and 430 K. Unlike previously known transiting planets, the present size of CoRoT-9b should not have been affected by tidal heat dissipation processes. Indeed, the planet is found to be well described by standard evolution models6 with an inferred interior composition consistent with that of Jupiter and Saturn.

Published
2010

48. Transit timing analysis of CoRoT-1b

Author

Günther Wuchterl, Pascal Bordé, Eric Agol, Juan Cabrera, Eike W. Guenther, Davide Gandolfi, François Bouchy, Tristan Guillot, A. P. Hatzes, M. Fridlund, C. Lázaro, Laurent Jorda, Hans J. Deeg, Rudolf Dvorak, A. Llebaria, C. Moutou, Pierre Barge, Martin Pätzold, R. de la Reza, Marc Ollivier, D. Queloz, Helmut Lammer, Anders Erikson, Pierre Magain, A. Léger, Szilard Csizmadia, Stefan Renner, Heike Rauer, Jean Schneider, P Gondoin, Magali Deleuil, Suzanne Aigrain, Daniel Rouan, J. M. Almenara, Roi Alonso, Aldo S. Bonomo, Laboratoire de Cosmologie, Astrophysique Stellaire & Solaire, de Planétologie et de Mécanique des Fluides (CASSIOPEE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, numerical methods, occultations, Transit (astronomy), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, planetary systems, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, photometric techniques, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Planetary system, Light curve, Orbital period, Earth mass, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Trojan, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

CoRoT, the pioneer space-based transit search, steadily provides thousands of high-precision light curves with continuous time sampling over periods of up to 5 months. The transits of a planet perturbed by an additional object are not strictly periodic. By studying the transit timing variations (TTVs), additional objects can be detected in the system. A transit timing analysis of CoRoT-1b is carried out to constrain the existence of additional planets in the system. We used data obtained by an improved version of the CoRoT data pipeline (version 2.0). Individual transits were fitted to determine the mid-transit times, and we analyzed the derived $O-C$ diagram. N-body integrations were used to place limits on secondary planets. No periodic timing variations with a period shorter than the observational window (55 days) are found. The presence of an Earth-mass Trojan is not likely. A planet of mass greater than $\sim 1$ Earth mass can be ruled out by the present data if the object is in a 2:1 (exterior) mean motion resonance with CoRoT-1b. Considering initially circular orbits: (i) super-Earths (less than 10 Earth-masses) are excluded for periods less than about 3.5 days, (ii) Saturn-like planets can be ruled out for periods less than about 5 days, (iii) Jupiter-like planets should have a minimum orbital period of about 6.5 days., 6 pages, accepted at A&A

Published
2010

49. Spectral and polarimetric characterization of gazeous and telluric planets with SEE COAST

Author

Stéphane Udry, A. Ferrari, Jean-Luc Beuzit, J. H. Hough, Jean Schneider, E. L. Martín, Dimitri Mawet, Pierre Baudoz, Daphne Stam, C. Cavarroc, Raphaël Galicher, Francois Menard, Giovanna Tinetti, Christoph U. Keller, E. Sein, A. Boccaletti, D. J. Pinfield, P. Doel, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Haute résolution angulaire en astrophysique, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (JPL), Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCL, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield] (UH), Utrecht University, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Genève, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA) (CAB), and Astrium

Subjects
Physics, Super-Earth, Cosmic Vision, QC1-999, Polarimetry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Planetary system, Exoplanet, Radial velocity, Spitzer Space Telescope, Planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; SEE COAST stands for Super Earth Explorer - Coronagraphic Off-Axis Space Telescope. The concept was initially proposed to ESA for Cosmic Vision. None of the direct detection exoplanet proposals were selected in 2007 and we are now pursuing our efforts to consolidate the astrophysical program and the technical developments for the next call for proposal. The prime objective of SEE COAST is to contribute to the understanding of the formation and evolution of planetary systems. Exploring the diversity of these objects is therefore the main driver to define the instrumentation. In the next decade the improvement of radial velocity instruments and obviously temporal coverage will provide us with a large numbers of long period giants as well as telluric planets, namely Super Earths. Obtaining the spectral and polarimetric signatures of these objects in the visible range to measure atmospheric parameters (molecular composition, clouds, soils, ...) will be unique and with important scientific returns. A space mission complementary to near IR instruments like SPHERE, GPI, JWST and later ELTs for the full characterization of giants and Super Earths is a first secure step towards the longer term goal that is the characterization of telluric planets with mass and atmosphere comparable to that of the Earth. An overview of the astrophysical motivation and the trade-off that lead to a simple integrated concept of a space-based high contrast imaging instrument are given here.

Published
2009

50. The question 'Are We Alone?' in different cultures

Author

Jean Schneider

Subjects
History, Space and Planetary Science, Extraterrestrial life, Physics - History and Philosophy of Physics, Big Picture Science, History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Western culture, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Epistemology
Abstract

A survey of the worldwide litterature reveals that the question "Are We Alone in the Universe?" has been formulated only in the western litterature. Here I try to understand why it is so. To investigate this problem it is first necessary to clarify what western culture means., to appear in The Role of Astronomy in Society and Culture: Proceedings of IAU Symposium No. 260, 2009. D. Valls-Gabaud and A. Boksenberg, eds

Published
2009

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