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Abstract Background An outbreak of Plasmodium malariae infection among forest goers in Sanya City of Hainan Island, China was reported in 2015. In response to this outbreak, an innovative three-layer strategy (TLS) targeted forest goers was adapted based on the 1-3-7 approach. Main text Key elements of TLS are: (i) The village with five malaria cases and adjacent villages were set as the first layer. All residents including forest goers were taken as the high-risk population (HRP). Active case detection (ACD) by blood smear microscopy and PCR was selected as the primary measure, and passive case detection (PCD) as complementary measure. One case was identified under TLS implementation. (ii) The township with cases (Gaofeng Town) and the nearby towns were chosen as the second layer. Only forest goers were screened by ACD, while PCD as a routine screening method. 7831 blood smears collected by ACD and PCD and tested with negative results. (iii) The city with cases (Sanya City) and others 12 counties/county-level cities were selected as the third layer. Malaria cases were monitored passively. A total of 77,555 blood slides were screened by PCD with zero positive sample. For each layer, the malaria vector mosquitoes were monitored using light traps, cattle-baited/human-bait traps. Anopheles minimus (dominant species), An. sinensis and An. dirus were captured. Vector control measures mainly include insecticide residual spraying and long-lasting insecticide nets. The capacity of clinicians, public health practitioners and laboratory technicians has been improved through training. During 2016‒2018, TLS and chemoprophylaxis were implemented in the same areas. In the first layer, all residents were monitored by ACD, and malaria chemoprophylaxis were distributed, 89.5% of forest goers were using chemoprophylaxis against malaria. The blood smears (3126 by ACD plus 1516 by PCD) were with zero positive results. Chemoprophylaxis and ACD were offered to forest goers once a year, and PCD in residents as a complementary measure in the second and third layer, 77.8% and 95.1% of forest goers received chemoprophylaxis. In each layer, vector surveillance and control of malaria and trainings for medical staff were still in place. Conclusions TLS was effective in blocking the outbreak by P. malariae among forest goers in Hainan in malaria elimination stage. However, whether it could prevent the malaria resurgence in the post-elimination phase needs to be further assessed. Graphical Abstract

To understand the diffusion and distribution of sulfuryl fluoride in wheat,rice and soybean piles,experiments were carried out in 6 warehouses to compare and analyze the diffusion speed,uniformity,and attenuation speed of fumigant gas in different grain piles.Data were collected in the process of fumigation.Experiment results show that the diffusion rate of sulfuryl fluoride gas in different grains is quickest in the soybean pile,followed by the rice pile and wheat pile:the soybean pile can achieve uniform gas in its warehouse as soon as 8 hours after fumigation.The average gas concentration half-life is longest in the soybean pile,shortest in the rice pile with the wheat pile stands in the middle:the fumigation concentration of 5.0～12.7 g/m3 can safeguard an insect-free environment for 6 months.

Background: A dosimeter with high spatial and temporal resolution would be of significant interest for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton beams' characterization, especially when facing small fields and beams with high temporal dynamics. Optical imaging of scintillators has potential in providing sub‐millimeter spatial resolution with pulse‐by‐pulse basis temporal resolution when the imaging system is capable of operating in synchrony with the beam‐producing accelerator. Purpose: We demonstrate the feasibility of imaging PBS proton beams as they pass through a plastic scintillator detector to simultaneously obtain multiple beam parameters, including proton range, pencil beam's widths at different depths, spot's size, and spot's position on a pulse‐by‐pulse basis with sub‐millimeter resolution. Materials and methods: A PBS synchrocyclotron was used for proton irradiation. A BC‐408 plastic scintillator block with 30 × 30 × 5 cm3 size, and another block with 30 × 30 × 0.5 cm3 size, positioned in an optically sealed housing, were used sequentially to measure the proton range, and spot size/location, respectively. A high‐speed complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) camera system synchronized with the accelerator's pulses through a gating module was used for imaging. Scintillation images, captured with the camera directly facing the 5‐cm‐thick scintillator, were corrected for background (BG), and ionization quenching of the scintillator to obtain the proton range. Spots' position and size were obtained from scintillation images of the 0.5‐cm‐thick scintillator when a 45° mirror was used to reflect the scintillation light toward the camera. Results: Scintillation images with 0.16 mm/pixel resolution corresponding to all proton pulses were captured. Pulse‐by‐pulse analysis showed that variations of the range, spots' position, and size were within ± 0.2% standard deviation of their average values. The absolute ranges were within ± 1 mm of their expected values. The average spot‐positions were mostly within ± 0.8 mm and spots' sigma agreed within 0.2 mm of the expected values. Conclusion: Scintillation‐imaging PBS beams with high‐spatiotemporal resolution is feasible and may help in efficient and cost‐effective acceptance testing and commissioning of existing and even emerging technologies such as FLASH, grid, mini‐beams, and so forth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a graph G and an edge $ e\in E(G) $ e ∈ E (G) , let S be a vertex set of G. For any two vertices x, $ y\in S $ y ∈ S , if e belongs to all the shortest paths between x and y, then x and y can monitor the edge e. For each edge e of G, if there exists x and y in S such that x and y can monitor e, then the set S can be called a monitoring-edge-geodetic ( $ \operatorname {MEG} $ MEG for short) set of G. The $ \operatorname {MEG} $ MEG number, denoted by $ \operatorname {meg}(G) $ meg ⁡ (G) , is the size of the smallest $ \operatorname {MEG} $ MEG set of G. In this paper, we obtain the exact values of the $ \operatorname {MEG} $ MEG numbers for radix triangular mesh networks, Sierpiński graphs, Sierpiński gasket graphs and Sierpiński generalized graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a set M of vertices and an edge e of a graph G, let $ P_G(M, e) $ P G (M , e) be the set of the pair $ (x, y) $ (x , y) with a vertex x of M and a vertex y of $ V(G) $ V (G) such that $ d_G(x, y)\neq d_{G-e}(x, y) $ d G (x , y) ≠ d G − e (x , y). For a vertex x, let $ EM(x) $ EM (x) be the edge set e such that there exists a vertex v in G with $ (x, v) \in P(\{x\}, e) $ (x , v) ∈ P ({ x } , e). A set M of vertices of a graph G is distance-edge-monitoring set if every edge e of G is monitored by some vertex $ v\in M $ v ∈ M , that is, for any $ e \in E(G) $ e ∈ E (G) , we have $ P_G(M, e)\neq \emptyset $ P G (M , e) ≠ ∅. The distance-edge-monitoring number of a graph G, denoted by $ \operatorname {dem}(G) $ dem ⁡ (G) , is defined as the smallest size of distance-edge-monitoring sets of G. In this paper, we study the distance edge monitoring number of pseudo wheel graphs, that is, some variants of wheel graph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design of flexible porous materials where the diffusion of guest molecules is regulated by the dynamics of contracted pore aperture is challenging. Here, a flexible porous self‐assembly consisting of 1D channels with dynamic bottleneck gates is reported. The dynamic pendant naphthimidazolylmethyl moieties at the channel necks provide kinetic gate function, that enables unusual adsorption for light hydrocarbons. The adsorption for CO2 is mainly dominated by thermodynamics with the uptakes decreasing with increasing temperature, whereas the adsorptions for larger hydrocarbons are controlled by both thermodynamics and kinetics resulting in an uptake maximum at a temperature threshold. Such an unusual adsorption enables temperature‐dependent separation of CO2 from the corresponding hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]