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As one of the six major nutrients, lipids play important roles in various biological processes, including cell membrane construction, signal transduction, and energy metabolism. The diverse functions of lipids are intricately linked to the distinct structures. More than 48 000 molecular lipid structures have been curated in the database which can be further categorized into 8 categories and more than one hundred lipid classes and subclasses. The diverse structures of lipids pose challenges for their lipidomic analysis, especially the co-existence of isomers and isobar. Traditional tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques based on collision-induced dissociation (CID) can provide the informations of molecular species and acyl chain composition of various types of lipids in a sensitive fashion. However, they typically fall short in providing detailed structural information, including C=C positions, sn-positions, functional group substitutions and their locations on the fatty acyl chains. In recent years, mass spectrometry methods capable of distinguishing lipid isomers at various structural levels have been developed, among which radical chemistry plays important role in both gas-phase ion activation and chemical derivatization. This article summarized the MS/MS techniques for lipid structural analysis at detailed structural levels via harnessing the power of both radical chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry in the past decade. Radical-induced dissociation (RID) refers to a group of gas-phase dissociation methods which can generate intrachain C-C cleavages in the fatty acyl chain and thus produce fragmentation patterns useful for identification of chain modification. Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) and CID triggered radical-directed dissociation, and electron impact excitation of ions from organics (EIEIO) are the major RID methods. By coupling RID with separation methods, such as reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), identification and quantitation of lipid isomers consisting of methyl branching, hydroxy group, and cyclopropane modification and their locations have been achieved. The two major derivatization methods utilizing radical chemistry for C=C bond modification were discussed, including radical initiated epoxidation reactions and the Paternò-Büchi reaction. Furthermore, the future direction of combining radical chemistry and tandem mass spectrometry for deep lipidotyping was discussed, which included the coupling with advanced separation methods, integrated workflows for multi-level structure analysis, and development of automated annotation tools for data analysis.

Anesthetic exposure causes learning and memory impairment, the mechanisms of which remain unknown. It has been reported that tumor necrosis factor-α-inducer protein 8-like 2 (TIPE2) is a newly discovered immune negative regulator that is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. This study aimed to examine the role of TIPE2 in isoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive decline (POCD).

The existing literature shows mixed results of how the use of social networking sites (SNSs) is related to mental health. Some studies provided evidence that SNS users are more mentally healthy because of the exchanged social support, while others argued that users tend to engage in upward social comparison, which would result in mental illness. To shed light on this relationship, we conducted a meta-analytic review to examine a) the association between SNS use and mental illness and b) the factors that moderate the association. A total of 1,451 studies were retrieved from six databases (i.e., Communication & Mass Media Complete, PsycINFO, Academic Search Complete, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline), among which 37 empirical studies (N = 84,955) were eligible for meta-analysis based on the inclusion criteria (i.e., empirical and quantitative studies with human subjects, including sufficient statistical information for effect size computation, concerned with SNS use and mental illness). Results showed that SNS use is associated with not only the likelihood of experiencing overall mental illness (r = .11) but also specific illness, including depression (r = .10), suicidal ideation (r = .22), schizophrenia/mania (r = .09), and ADHD/hyperactivity (r = .27). In addition, the intensity of SNS use, continuous measurement (vs. categorical), and participants’ health condition were found as positive moderators, whereas adopting social support as the theoretical framework and the proportion of African American participants as negative moderators of the association between SNS use and mental illness. Implications of the current study were discussed.

ObjectiveAlthough progress has been made in tuberculosis (TB) treatment, China still remains one of the high-burden TB countries. One important reason that has not received sufficient scholarly attention is that Chinese individuals tend to underestimate the threat of TB. This contributed to the high rate of delay in seeking TB treatment and noncompliance with doctors' regimen. Hence, this research examined how TB knowledge affected Chinese parents' risk perceptions and their efficacy appraisal in TB treatment, and how their risk perception and efficacy appraisal affected their intentions to seek timely TB treatment for their children and adhere to doctors' regimen.MethodsWe conducted an online cross-sectional survey with 1129 parents of children attending kindergarten, primary school, and middle school in Shajing, a region with high TB incidence in China. Perceived severity of TB threat to self and to others, perceived susceptibility, response efficacy, and self-efficacy were measured, in addition to TB knowledge and intentions to seek timely TB treatment and adhere to doctors' regimens.ResultsOrdinal least squares regression demonstrated that TB knowledge was positively associated with perceived severity of TB threat to self, perceived severity of TB threat to others, perceived susceptibility, response efficacy, and self-efficacy, but it did not affect their medical decisions. In addition, binary logistic regression revealed that response efficacy and self-efficacy predicted both intentions positively, and perceived severity of TB threat to self only enhanced Chinese individuals' intention to follow doctors' regimens.ConclusionHealth education aimed at knowledge improvement may be effective in changing one's perceptions of the given health threat but may not be effective to change their behavior. Thus, practitioners need to focus on changing Chinese parents' perceptions of TB rather than simply improving their knowledge. Specifically, it is necessary to lower their efficacy in self-management and enhance their perceived infectiousness of TB.

Abstract Clarifying the underlying mechanisms that govern ordering transitions in condensed matter systems is crucial for comprehending emergent properties and phenomena. While transitions are often classified as electronically driven or lattice-driven, we present a departure from this conventional picture in the case of the double perovskite Ba2MgReO6. Leveraging resonant and non-resonant elastic x-ray scattering techniques, we unveil the simultaneous ordering of structural distortions and charge quadrupoles at a critical temperature of T q ~ 33 K. Using a variety of complementary first-principles-based computational techniques, we demonstrate that, while electronic interactions drive the ordering at T q, it is ultimately the lattice distortions that dictate the specific ground state that emerges. Our findings highlight the crucial interplay between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom, providing a unified framework to understand and predict unconventional emergent phenomena in quantum materials.

BACKGROUND: Human tissue kallikrein (hTK) plays an essential role in the physiological and pathological mechanisms of blood vessels. This study aimed to determine whether angiogenesis induced by endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) transduced with the adenovirus-mediated hTK gene could improve blood flow in rat hindlimb ischemia in vivo and to establish a promising mechanism in vitro. METHODS: EPCs transduced with adenovirus encoding hTK-162 (i.e., Ad/hTK-transduced EPCs or Ad/GFP-transduced EPCs) were administered to Wister rats with hindlimb ischemia through therapeutic neovascularization. Muscular capillary density (MCD), blood flow (BF), and the number of myofibers were measured at days 7, 14, and 21 after treatment. Expressions of integrin αvβ3 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were detected on the surface of EPCs. RESULTS: MCD, BF, and the number of myofibers in rats with Ad/hTK-transduced EPCs remarkably increased at day 21 after treatment compared with rats with Ad/GFP-transduced EPCs or the control group (P

Background: Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that causes Q fever and is found worldwide. Ticks serve as the primary reservoir, playing an important role in maintaining the natural cycle of C. burnetii. C. burnetii is transmitted to animals when ticks feed on their blood. However, information on C. burnetii infection in ticks remains limited, despite the widespread prevalence of the infection in humans and animals across China. Methods: In this study, 192 engorged ticks were collected from Baiyin City of Gansu Province, China. The presence of Coxiella burnetii in ticks was specifically identified by detecting the IS1111 gene using nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). In addition, the 16S rRNA gene of C. burnetii was molecularly characterized using nPCR. A total of 10 spacer sequences (Cox 2, 5, 18, 20, 22, 37, 51, 56, 57, and 61) were amplified using PCR against positive specimens for MST analysis. Results: All collected ticks were identified as Hyalomma marginatum , and 90 of them tested positive for C. burnetii , with a positive rate of 46.9% (90/192). The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that the novel C. burnetii variants detected in this study were closely related to other C. burnetii strains in the world. The allele codes found in the present study for loci Cox2-Cox5-Cox18-Cox20-Cox22-Cox37-Cox51-Cox56-Cox57-Cox61 were 8-4-9-5-7-5-2-3-11-6. This represents a novel combination of allele values, similar to MST28, currently designated as MST85 in the Multi Spacers Typing (MST) database. Conclusion: Our results revealed the circulation of a novel MST genotype of C. burnetii in Baiyin City, Gansu Province, China. The detection of C. burnetii in ticks suggests a potential public health risk to the local human population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the underlying mechanisms that govern ordering transitions in condensed matter systems is crucial for comprehending emergent properties and phenomena. While transitions are often classified as electronically driven or lattice-driven, we present a departure from this conventional picture in the case of the double perovskite Ba2MgReO6. Leveraging resonant and non-resonant elastic x-ray scattering techniques, we unveil the simultaneous ordering of structural distortions and charge quadrupoles at a critical temperature of Tq ~ 33 K. Using a variety of complementary first-principles-based computational techniques, we demonstrate that, while electronic interactions drive the ordering at Tq, it is ultimately the lattice distortions that dictate the specific ground state that emerges. Our findings highlight the crucial interplay between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom, providing a unified framework to understand and predict unconventional emergent phenomena in quantum materials. Charge quadrupole order was predicted in several 5d1 and 5d2 double perovskite systems, but experimental verification has been challenging. Here the authors provide experimental and theoretical evidence of simultaneous charge quadrupole order and local structural distortions in Ba2MgReO6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of hot air drying (HAD), infrared radiation drying (IRD), microwave vacuum drying (MVD), freeze drying (FD), and freeze drying combined with microwave vacuum drying (FD-MVD) on the drying kinetics, color, rehydration ratio, titratable acidity, and vitamin C content of small white apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.). Results showed drying times of 12.5 h (IRD), 14.1 h (FD), 16 h (HAD), 0.53 h (MVD), and 6.15 h (FD-MVD). FD-MVD significantly outperformed MVD, HAD, and IRD in color, vitamin C, titratable acidity, and rehydration, though was slightly inferior to FD. Microstructural analysis revealed that FD-MVD preserved the most uniform pore structure, better maintaining apricots' original appearance. In contrast, IRD and HAD caused severe surface shriveling, compromising quality. In conclusion, FD-MVD emerges as a promising drying method to enhance apricot quality and market competitiveness in food processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]