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2. Serum Endotoxins and Flagellin and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Cohort

Author

Kong, So Yeon Hao Quang Tran Gewirtz, Andrew T. and McKeown-Eyssen, Gail Fedirko, Veronika Romieu, Isabelle and Tjonneland, Anne Olsen, Anja Overvad, Kim Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine Bastide, Nadia Affret, Aurelie Kuehn, Tilman and Kaaks, Rudolf Boeing, Heiner Aleksandrova, Krasimira and Trichopoulou, Antonia Kritikou, Maria Vasilopoulou, Effie and Palli, Domenico Krogh, Vittorio Mattiello, Amalia Tumino, Rosario Naccarati, Alessio Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. B. Peeters, Petra H. Weiderpass, Elisabete Ramon Quiros, J. Sala, Nuria and Sanchez, Maria-Jose Huerta Castano, Jose Maria Barricarte, Aurelio Dorronsoro, Miren Werner, Marten Wareham, Nicholas J. Khaw, Kay-Tee Bradbury, Kathryn E. Freisling, Heinz and Stavropoulou, Faidra Ferrari, Pietro Gunter, Marc J. Cross, Amanda J. Riboli, Elio Bruce, W. Robert Jenab, Mazda

Abstract

Background: Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are thought to be involved in colorectal cancer development. These processes may contribute to leakage of bacterial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin, across the gut barrier. The objective of this study, nested within a prospective cohort, was to examine associations between circulating LPS and flagellin serum antibody levels and colorectal cancer risk. Methods: A total of 1,065 incident colorectal cancer cases (colon, n = 667; rectal, n = 398) were matched (1:1) to control subjects. Serum flagellin-and LPS-specific IgA and IgG levels were quantitated by ELISA. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for multiple relevant confouding factors. Results: Overall, elevated anti-LPS and anti-flagellin biomarker levels were not associated with colorectal cancer risk. After testing potential interactions by various factors relevant for colorectal cancer risk and anti-LPS and anti-flagellin, sex was identified as a statistically significant interaction factor (P-interaction < 0.05 for all the biomarkers). Analyses stratified by sex showed a statistically significant positive colorectal cancer risk association for men (fully-adjusted OR for highest vs. lowest quartile for total anti-LPS + flagellin, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.10-2.51; P-trend, 0.049), whereas a borderline statistically significant inverse association was observed for women (fully-adjusted OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.47-1.02; P-trend, 0.18). Conclusion: In this prospective study on European populations, we found bacterial exposure levels to be positively associated to colorectal cancer risk among men, whereas in women, a possible inverse association may exist. Impact: Further studies are warranted to better clarify these preliminary observations. (C) 2016 AACR.

Published
2016

3. Cross-Sectional Associations of Objectively Measured Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Anthropometry in European Adults

Author

Wientzek, Angelika Tormo Diaz, Maria-Jose Huerta Castano, Jose Maria Amiano, Pilar Arriola, Larraitz Overvad, Kim and Ostergaard, Jane Nautrup Charles, Marie-Aline Fagherazzi, Guy and Palli, Domenico Bendinelli, Benedetta Skeie, Guri Borch, Kristin Benjaminsen Wendel-Vos, Wanda de Hollander, Ellen and May, Anne M. den Ouden, Marjolein E. M. Trichopoulou, Antonia and Valanou, Elissavet Soederberg, Stefan Franks, Paul W. and Brage, Soren Vigl, Matthaus Boeing, Heiner Ekelund, Ulf

Subjects
human activities, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists
Abstract

Objective: To quantify the independent associations between objectively measured physical activity (PA), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and anthropometry in European men and women. Methods: 2,056 volunteers from 12 centers across Europe were fitted with a heart rate and movement sensor at 2 visits 4 months apart for a total of 8 days. CRF (ml/kg/min) was estimated from an 8 minute ramped step test. A cross-sectional analysis of the independent associations between objectively measured PA (m/s(2)/d), moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (% time/d), sedentary time (% time/d), CRF, and anthropometry using sex stratified multiple linear regression was performed. Results: In mutually adjusted models, CRF, PA, and MVPA were inversely associated with all anthropometric markers in women. In men, CRF, PA, and MVPA were inversely associated with BMI, whereas only CRF was significantly associated with the other anthropometric markers. Sedentary time was positively associated with all anthropometric markers, however, after adjustment for CRF significant in women only. Conclusion: CRF, PA, MVPA, and sedentary time are differently associated with anthropometric markers in men and women. CRF appears to attenuate associations between PA, MVPA, and sedentary time. These observations may have implications for prevention of obesity.

Published
2014

4. Air emissions inventory of the public transport in maracaibo municipality: Part I: Passenger car

Author

Analí Machado, Neyma García, José Huertas, Cézar García, Ninoska Ferrer, Roselyn León, and María Verónica Machado

Subjects
Factores de emisión, fuentes móviles, inventario de emisiones, Emission factors, mobile sources, air emission inventory, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Technology (General), T1-995
Abstract

En este trabajo se presenta la primera fase del Inventario de Emisiones de fuentes móviles, basado en el transporte público Censo 2001(específicamente, la categoría de unidades de automóviles colectivos), para el municipio Maracaibo. Los gases incluidos en el inventario fueron: CO, HC y NOx. La estimación se realizó mediante el uso de los Factores de Emisión promulgados por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (AP42-95) como método de evaluación rápida de las fuentes. Por medio del inventario elaborado se pudo constatar que el CO es el principal contaminante emitido a la atmósfera por parte de los vehículos automotores con 5307,88 ton/año, lo que representa un 86,42% de las emisiones totales, seguido por el HC (6,96%) y el NOx (6,62%). Igualmente, que dentro de los sectores estudiados el centro de Maracaibo es el que aporta mayor cantidad de poluentes (94.37%). Es importante enfatizar que este estudio presenta un método para evaluar las restantes categorías del transporte público, así como las del sector privado proporciona una metodología para realizar un inventario de emisiones generadas por esta fuente más real que la aplicada en Venezuela hasta los momentos y muestra los primeros resultados para determinar la contribución de los gases en la contaminación del ambiente urbano y en el efecto Isla Caliente.The first phase of mobile source emission inventory based on the 2001 census (specifically, passenger car) for the Maracaibo Municipality, is presented in this work. The estimation was carried out using the methodology developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The following gases were included in the inventory: carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). It was verified using the inventory, that the main pollution emitted to the atmosphere was the CO (5307,88 ton/year) representing the 86,42%, followed by the HC (6,96%) and NOx (6,62%). In Addition, Maracaibo downtown was the most important area that contributed to the pollution in the municipality (94,37%).This study is a tool to develop a calculus method to evaluate the remaining categories of the public transport, and also for the private sector; provides a methodology for the emission inventory generated by this source, more accurate than the applies in Venezuela and shows the first results to determine the contribution of these gases in the urban environmental pollution and the Heat Island effect.

Published
2004

5. Air emissions inventory of the public transport in maracaibo municipality. Part 1: Passenger car

Author

Analí Machado, Neyma García, José Huertas, Cézar García, Ninoska Ferrer, Roselyn León, and María Verónica Machado

Subjects
emission factors, mobile sources, air emission inventory, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Technology (General), T1-995
Abstract

The first phase of mobile source emission inventory based on the 2001 census (specifically, passenger car) for the Maracaibo Municipality, is presented in this work. The estimation was carried out using the methodology developed by the U S. EnvironmentaI Protection Agency. The following gases were included in the inventory: carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). It was verified using the inventory, that the main pollution emitted to the atmosphere was the CO (5307.88 ton/year) representing the 86,42%. folIowed by the HC (6.96%) and NOx (6,62%). In Addition, Maracaibo downtown was the most important area that contributed lo the pollution in the municipality (94.37%).This study is a tool to deve!op a calculus method to evaluate the remaining categories of the public transport, and also for the private sector; provides a methodology for the emission inventory generated by this source, more accurate than the applies in Venezuela and shows the first results to determine the contribution of these gases in the urban environmental pollution and the Heal Island effect.

Published
2010

6. Air emissions inventory of the public transport in maracaibo municipality: Part I: Passenger car

Author

Analí Machado, Neyma García, José Huertas, Cézar García, Ninoska Ferrer, Roselyn León, and María Verónica Machado

Subjects
factores de emisión, fuentes móviles, inventario de emisiones, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Technology (General), T1-995
Abstract

En este trabajo se presenta la primera fase del Inventario de Emisiones de fuentes móviles, basado en el transporte público Censo 2001(específicamente, la categoría de unidades de automóviles colectivos), para el municipio Maracaibo. Los gases incluidos en el inventario fueron: CO, HC y NOx. La estimación se realizó mediante el uso de los Factores de Emisión promulgados por la Agencia de Protección Ambiental de los Estados Unidos (AP42-95) como método de evaluación rápida de las fuentes. Por medio del inventario elaborado se pudo constatar que el CO es el principal contaminante emitido a la atmósfera por parte de los vehículos automotores con 5307,88 ton/año, lo que representa un 86,42% de las emisiones totales, seguido por el HC (6,96%) y el NOx (6,62%). Igualmente, que dentro de los sectores estudiados el centro de Maracaibo es el que aporta mayor cantidad de poluentes (94.37%). Es importante enfatizar que este estudio presenta un método para evaluar las restantes categorías del transporte público, así como las del sector privado proporciona una metodología para realizar un inventario de emisiones generadas por esta fuente más real que la aplicada en Venezuela hasta los momentos y muestra los primeros resultados para determinar la contribución de los gases en la contaminación del ambiente urbano y en el efecto Isla Caliente.

8. As origens da Agricultura

Author

José Huertas Lobo

Subjects
origem, agricultura, economia, History (General), D1-2009, Latin America. Spanish America, F1201-3799
Abstract

Entre as maiores conquistas da técnica figura a agricultura com quese iniciou um nôvo período da evolução humana: o da economia produtiva .

Published
1969
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