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1. Using diagnostic data from veterinary diagnostic laboratories to unravel macroepidemiological aspects of porcine circoviruses 2 and 3 in the United States from 2002-2023.

Author

Guilherme Cezar, Edison Magalhães, Kinath Rupasinghe, Srijita Chandra, Gustavo Silva, Marcelo Almeida, Bret Crim, Eric Burrough, Phillip Gauger, Christopher Siepker, Marta Mainenti, Michael Zeller, Eduardo Fano, Pablo Piñeyro, Rodger Main, Mary Thurn, Paulo Lages, Cesar Corzo, Albert Rovira, Hemant Naikare, Rob McGaughey, Franco Matias-Ferreyra, Jamie Retallick, Jordan Gebhardt, Jon Greseth, Darren Kersey, Travis Clement, Angela Pillatzki, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Melanie Prarat, Ashley Johnson, Dennis Summers, Craig Bowen, Joseph Boyle, Kenitra Hendrix, Andreia G Arruda, Daniel Linhares, and Giovani Trevisan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Porcine circoviruses (PCVs), including porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) and porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), have been associated with clinical syndromes in swine, resulting in significant economic losses. To better understand the epidemiology and clinical relevance of PCV2 and PCV3, this study analyzed a dataset comprising diagnostic data from six veterinary diagnostic laboratories (VDLs) in the United States of America. The data comprised of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test results, sample type, and age group for PCV2 and PCV3 submissions from 2002-2023. Findings indicated a decrease in the percentage of PCV2-positive submissions after introducing a commercial PCV2 vaccine in 2006 and a resurgence in positivity after 2018, particularly in breeding herds, associated with an increased number of submissions using processing fluid samples. After its first report in the U.S. in 2016, PCV3 detection had an upward trend in the percentage of positive cases, peaking in spring 2023. PCV3 detection was more frequent in adult/sow farms, while PCV2 was more frequently detected in the wean-to-market category. An additional analysis used results from tissue diagnostic data from 2019-2023 from one VDL to associate PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values with the probability of confirming a PCV2 or PCV3 disease diagnosis confirmation. An interpretative PCR Ct cutoff for PCV2 and PCV3 diagnoses was assessed based on the logistic regression model associating Ct values with the presence of tissue lesions. The analysis considered only cases tested for PCV2 and PCV3 by PCR with tissue evaluations by diagnosticians. An interpretative Ct cutoff of 22.4 for PCV2 was associated with a high probability of confirming a diagnosis of PCV2 clinical disease through histopathology. For PCV3, the interpretative cutoff with the highest performance was 26.7. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts to monitor and understand the clinical relevance of PCV2 and PCV3 PCR results, identifying potential disease challenges.

Published
2024
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2. Monitoring emerging pathogens using negative nucleic acid test results from endemic pathogens in pig populations: Application to porcine enteric coronaviruses.

Author

Ana Paula Serafini Poeta Silva, Guilherme Arruda Cezar, Edison Sousa Magalhães, Kinath Rupasinghe, Srijita Chandra, Gustavo S Silva, Marcelo Almeida, Bret Crim, Eric Burrough, Phillip Gauger, Christopher Siepker, Marta Mainenti, Michael Zeller, Rodger G Main, Mary Thurn, Paulo Fioravante, Cesar Corzo, Albert Rovira, Hemant Naikare, Rob McGaughey, Franco Matias Ferreyra, Jamie Retallick, Jordan Gebhardt, Angela Pillatzki, Jon Greseth, Darren Kersey, Travis Clement, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Melanie Prarat, Ashley Johnson, Dennis Summers, Craig Bowen, Kenitra Hendrix, Joseph Boyle, Daniel Correia Lima Linhares, and Giovani Trevisan

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

This study evaluated the use of endemic enteric coronaviruses polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-negative testing results as an alternative approach to detect the emergence of animal health threats with similar clinical diseases presentation. This retrospective study, conducted in the United States, used PCR-negative testing results from porcine samples tested at six veterinary diagnostic laboratories. As a proof of concept, the database was first searched for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) negative submissions between January 1st, 2010, through April 29th, 2013, when the first porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) case was diagnosed. Secondly, TGEV- and PEDV-negative submissions were used to detect the porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) emergence in 2014. Lastly, encountered best detection algorithms were implemented to prospectively monitor the 2023 enteric coronavirus-negative submissions. Time series (weekly TGEV-negative counts) and Seasonal Autoregressive-Integrated Moving-Average (SARIMA) were used to control for outliers, trends, and seasonality. The SARIMA's fitted and residuals were then subjected to anomaly detection algorithms (EARS, EWMA, CUSUM, Farrington) to identify alarms, defined as weeks of higher TGEV-negativity than what was predicted by models preceding the PEDV emergence. The best-performing detection algorithms had the lowest false alarms (number of alarms detected during the baseline) and highest time to detect (number of weeks between the first alarm and PEDV emergence). The best-performing detection algorithms were CUSUM, EWMA, and Farrington flexible using SARIMA fitted values, having a lower false alarm rate and identified alarms 4 to 17 weeks before PEDV and PDCoV emergences. No alarms were identified in the 2023 enteric negative testing results. The negative-based monitoring system functioned in the case of PEDV propagating epidemic and in the presence of a concurrent propagating epidemic with the PDCoV emergence. It demonstrated its applicability as an additional tool for diagnostic data monitoring of emergent pathogens having similar clinical disease as the monitored endemic pathogens.

Published
2024
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4. Neighborhood Deprivation, Indoor Chemical Concentrations, and Spatial Risk for Childhood Leukemia

Author

David C. Wheeler, Joseph Boyle, Matt Carli, Mary H. Ward, and Catherine Metayer

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, childhood leukemia, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Bayesian index model, neighborhood deprivation, selection bias
Abstract

Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer in industrialized countries, and the increasing incidence trends in the US suggest that environmental exposures play a role in its etiology. Neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been found to be associated with many health outcomes, including childhood leukemia. In this paper, we used a Bayesian index model approach to estimate a neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) in the analysis of childhood leukemia in a population-based case-control study (diagnosed 1999 to 2006) in northern and central California, with direct indoor measurements of many chemicals for 277 cases and 306 controls

Published
2023
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5. Estimating the Nosocomial Transmission Rate of COVID-19 in Orthopaedic Surgery Patients During the Peak of the Pandemic

Author

Anna H Green, Julianne M Forlizzi, Joseph Boyle, Wilfrido Castillo, Daniel Mascarenhas, Meizhen Yao, Geza Kiss, and Carlos Sagebien

Subjects
Orthopedic Research and Reviews, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
Abstract

Anna H Green,1 Julianne M Forlizzi,2 Joseph Boyle,3 Wilfrido J Castillo,3 Daniel Mascarenhas,1 Meizhen Yao,4 Geza Kiss,5 Carlos Sagebien1 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, OrthoConnecticut, Norwalk, CT, USA; 3Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University School of Medicine, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; 4Rutgers University Biostatistics and Epidemiology Services Center, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; 5Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USACorrespondence: Anna H Green, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, 1 RWJ Place, MEB 422A, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA, Tel +1 571 228 2234, Fax +1 732 235 6002, Email annagreen7@gmail.comPurpose: To estimate the risk of hospital-acquired COVID-19 transmission in a population of orthopaedic trauma patients during the first wave of the pandemic.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of 109 patients who underwent an emergent orthopedic procedure by a single orthopedic traumatologist between March 1, 2020 and May 15, 2020 during the first peak of the pandemic. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 82 patients (67 inpatients and 15 ambulatory) were identified for final analysis. The primary outcome measured was postoperative Coronavirus (COVID-19) status. Secondary outcome measures included length of stay and discharge disposition.Results: The mean age and length of stay in the hospital group was 59.5 years (± 21.7) and 4.3 days (± 4.6), respectively, versus 47.9 years (± 9.8) in the ambulatory group. 7.3% (6/82) of the inpatients subsequently tested or screened positive for COVID-19 at 2 weeks post-operatively, compared to 0/15 ambulatory patients (P=0.58). Of the 6 inpatients who tested positive, 4 (66.7%) were discharged to a rehabilitation center. Diabetes (P=0.05), hypertension (P=0.02), and congestive heart failure (P=0.005) were associated with transmission.Conclusion: In this analysis, there was a nosocomial transmission rate of 7% compared to zero in the ambulatory surgery center, however this was not found to be statistically significant. This data supports the use of precautions such as frequent screening, hand washing, and masks to reduce transmission when COVID-19 rates are high. There is a lower risk of nosocomial COVID-19 transmission for patients treated as an outpatient and elective surgical procedures may be safer in this setting.Keywords: coronavirus, pandemic, infection, hospital transmission

Published
2022

6. Spatially Varying Associations of Neighborhood Disadvantage with Alcohol and Tobacco Retail Outlet Rates

Author

David C. Wheeler, Joseph Boyle, D. Jeremy Barsell, Trevin Glasgow, F. Joseph McClernon, Jason A. Oliver, and Bernard F. Fuemmeler

Subjects
Residence Characteristics, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Tobacco, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Commerce, Neighborhood Characteristics, Bayes Theorem, Tobacco Products, alcohol, tobacco, retail outlets, neighborhood disadvantage, spatially varying effects
Abstract

More than 30% of cancer related deaths are related to tobacco or alcohol use. Controlling and restricting access to these cancer-causing products, especially in communities where there is a high prevalence of other cancer risk factors, has the potential to improve population health and reduce the risk of specific cancers associated with these substances in more vulnerable population subgroups. One policy-driven method of reducing access to these cancer-causing substances is to regulate where these products are sold through the placement and density of businesses selling tobacco and alcohol. Previous work has found significant positive associations between tobacco, alcohol, and tobacco and alcohol retail outlets (TRO, ARO, TARO) and a neighborhood disadvantage index (NDI) using Bayesian shared component index modeling, where NDI associations differed across outlet types and relative risks varied by population density (e.g., rural, suburban, urban). In this paper, we used a novel Bayesian index model with spatially varying effects to explore spatial nonstationarity in NDI effects for TROs, AROs, and TAROs across census tracts in North Carolina. The results revealed substantial variation in NDI effects that varied by outlet type. However, all outlet types had strong positive effects in one coastal area. The most important variables in the NDI were percent renters, Black racial segregation, and the percentage of homes built before 1940. Overall, more disadvantaged areas experienced a greater neighborhood burden of outlets selling one or both of alcohol and tobacco.

Published
2022
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7. Knot selection for low-rank kriging models of spatial risk in case-control studies

Author

Joseph Boyle and David C. Wheeler

Subjects
Spatial Analysis, Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Case-Control Studies, Geography, Planning and Development, Humans, Computer Simulation, Article
Abstract

Many spatial analysis methods have been used to identify potential geographic clusters of disease in case-control studies. Low-rank kriging (LRK) models reduce the computational burden in generalized additive models by using a set of knot locations instead of the observed subject locations for estimating spatial risk. However, there is little guidance regarding selection of the number and location of the knots in case-control studies. We perform an extensive simulation study that compares a commonly-used method of knot selection in LRK models with two proposed methods and varies the number of knots. We find the commonly-used method is vastly outperformed by those that consider the locations of cases. We find that the Teitz and Bart heuristic allows the highest spatial sensitivity and power to detect zones of elevated risk, and recommend its use with a number of knots as close to the number of case locations as computation time will allow.

Published
2022

8. Quality of life after pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for proximal deep vein thrombosis

Author

Susan R. Kahn, Jim A. Julian, Clive Kearon, Chu-Shu Gu, David J. Cohen, Elizabeth A. Magnuson, Anthony J. Comerota, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Michael R. Jaff, Mahmood K. Razavi, Andrei L. Kindzelski, Joseph R. Schneider, Paul Kim, Rabih Chaer, Akhilesh K. Sista, Robert B. McLafferty, John A. Kaufman, Brandt C. Wible, Morey Blinder, Suresh Vedantham, Michael Sichlau, Athanasios Vlahos, Steven Smith, Quinn Thalheimer, Nisha Singh, Rekha Harting, John Gocke, Scott Guth, Neel Shah, Paul Brady, Marvin Schatz, Mindy Horrow, Peyman Markazi, Leli Forouzan, Terence A.S. Matalon, David Hertzog, Swapna Goday, Margaret Kennedy, Robert Kaplan, Thomas Campbell, Jamie Hartman, Elmer Nahum, Arvind Venkat, Venkataramu Krishnamurthy, John Rectenwald, Peter Henke, Jonathan Eliason, Jonathon Willatt, Guillermo Escobar, Shaun Samuels, Barry Katzen, James Benenati, Alex Powell, Constantino Pena, Howard Wallach, Ripal Gandhi, Joseph Schneider, Stanley Kim, Farrah Hashemi, Joseph Boyle, Nilesh Patel, Michael Verta, Daniel Leung, Marc Garcia, Phillip Blatt, Jamil Khatri, Dave Epstein, Randall Ryan, Tom Sweeny, Michael Stillabower, George Kimbiris, Tuhina Raman, Paul Sierzenski, Lelia Getto, Michael Dignazio, Mark Horvath, Heather Gornik, John Bartholomew, Mehdi Shishehbor, Frank Peacock, Douglas Joseph, Soo Hyum Kim, Natalia Fendrikova Mahlay, Daniel Clair, Sean Lyden, Baljendra Kapoor, Gordon McLennon, Gregory Pierce, James Newman, James Spain, Amanjiit Gill, Aaron Hamilton, Anthony Rizzo, Woosup Park, Alan Dietzek, Ira Galin, Dahlia Plummer, Richard Hsu, Patrick Broderick, Andrew Keller, Sameer Sayeed, Dennis Slater, Herb Lustberg, Jan Akus, Robert Sidman, Mandeep Dhami, Phillip Kohanski, Anca Bulgaru, Renuka Dulala, James Burch, Dinesh Kapur, Jie Yang, Mark Ranson, Alan Wladis, David Varnagy, Tarek Mekhail, Robert Winter, Manuel Perez-Izquierdo, Stephen Motew, Robin Royd-Kranis, Raymond Workman, Scott Kribbs, Gerald Hogsette, Phillip Moore, Bradley Thomason, William Means, Richard Bonsall, John Stewart, Daniel Golwya, Ezana Azene, Wayne Bottner, William Bishop, Dave Clayton, Lincoln Gundersen, Jody Riherd, Irina Shakhnovich, Kurt Ziegelbein, Thomas Chang, Karun Sharma, Sandra Allison, Fil Banovac, Emil Cohen, Brendan Furlong, Craig Kessler, Mike McCullough, Jim Spies, Judith Lin, Scott Kaatz, Todd Getzen, Joseph Miller, Scott Schwartz, Loay Kabbani, David McVinnie, John Rundback, Joseph Manno, Richard Schwab, Randolph Cole, Kevin Herman, David Singh, Ravit Barkama, Amish Patel, Anthony Comerota, John Pigott, Andrew Seiwert, Ralph Whalen, Todd Russell, Zakaria Assi, Sahira Kazanjian, Jonathan Yobbagy, Brian Kaminski, Allan Kaufman, Garett Begeman, Robert DiSalle, Subash Thakur, Marc Jacquet, Thomas Dykes, Joseph Gerding, Christopher Baker, Mark Debiasto, Derek Mittleider, George Higgins, Steven Amberson, Roger Pezzuti, Thomas Gallagher, Robert Schainfeld, Stephan Wicky, Sanjeeva Kalva, Gregory Walker, Gloria Salazar, Benjamin Pomerantz, Virenda Patel, Christopher Kabrhel, Shams Iqbal, Suvranu Gangull, Rahmi Oklu, Scott Brannan, Sanjay Misra, Haraldur Bjarnason, Aneel Ashrani, Michael Caccavale, Chad Fleming, Jeremy Friese, John Heit, Manju Kalra, Thanila Macedo, Robert McBane, Michael McKusick, Andrew Stockland, David Woodrum, Waldemar Wysokinski, Adarsh Verma, Andrew Davis, Jerry Chung, David Nicker, Brian Anderson, Robert Stein, Michael Weiss, Parag Patel, William Rilling, Sean Tutton, Robert Hieb, Eric Hohenwalter, M. Riccardo Colella, James Gosset, Sarah White, Brian Lewis, Kellie Brown, Peter Rossi, Gary Seabrook, Marcelo Guimaraes, J. Bayne Selby, William McGary, Christopher Hannegan, Jacob Robison, Thomas Brothers, Bruce Elliott, Nitin Garg, M. Bret Anderson, Renan Uflacker, Claudio Schonholz, Laurence Raney, Charles Greenberg, John Kaufman, Frederick Keller, Kenneth Kolbeck, Gregory Landry, Erica Mitchell, Robert Barton, Thomas DeLoughery, Norman Kalbfleisch, Renee Minjarez, Paul Lakin, Timothy Liem, Gregory Moneta, Khashayar Farsad, Ross Fleischman, Loren French, Vasco Marques, Yasir Al−Hassani, Asad Sawar, Frank Taylor, Rajul Patel, Rahul Malhotra, Farah Hashemi, Marvin Padnick, Melissa Gurley, Fred Cucher, Ronald Sterrenberg, G. Reshmaal Deepthi, Gomes Cumaranatunge, Sumit Bhatla, Darick Jacobs, Eric Dolen, Pablo Gamboa, L. Mark Dean, Thomas Davis, John Lippert, Sanjeev Khanna, Brian Schirf, Jeffrey Silber, Donald Wood, J. Kevin McGraw, Lucy LaPerna, Paul Willette, Timothy Murphy, Joselyn Cerezo, Rajoo Dhangana, Sun Ho Ahn, Gregory Dubel, Richard Haas, Bryan Jay, Ethan Prince, Gregory Soares, James Klinger, Robert Lambiase, Gregory Jay, Robert Tubbs, Michael Beland, Chris Hampson, Ryan O'Hara, Chad Thompson, Aaron Frodsham, Fenwick Gardiner, Abdel Jaffan, Lawrence Keating, Abdul Zafar, Radica Alicic, Rodney Raabe, Jayson Brower, David McClellan, Thomas Pellow, Christopher Zylak, Joseph Davis, M. Kathleen Reilly, Kenneth Symington, Camerson Seibold, Ryan Nachreiner, Daniel Murray, Stephen Murray, Sandeep Saha, Gregory Luna, Kim Hodgson, Robert McLafferty, Douglas Hood, Colleen Moore, David Griffen, Darren Hurst, David Lubbers, Daniel Kim, Brent Warren, Jeremy Engel, D.P. Suresh, Eric VanderWoude, Rahul Razdan, Mark Hutchins, Terry Rounsborg, Madhu Midathada, Daniel Moravec, Joni Tilford, Joni Beckman, Mahmood Razavi, Kurt Openshaw, D. Preston Flanigan, Christopher Loh, Howard Dorne, Michael Chan, Jamie Thomas, Justin Psaila, Michael Ringold, Jay Fisher, Any Lipcomb, Timothy Oskin, Brandt Wible, Brendan Coleman, David Elliott, Gary Gaddis, C. Doug Cochran, Kannan Natarajan, Stewart Bick, Jeffrey Cooke, Ann Hedderman, Anne Greist, Lorrie Miller, Brandon Martinez, Vincent Flanders, Mark Underhill, Lawrence Hofmann, Daniel Sze, William Kuo, John Louie, Gloria Hwang, David Hovsepian, Nishita Kothary, Caroline Berube, Donald Schreiber, Brooke Jeffrey, Jonathan Schor, Jonathan Deitch, Kuldeep Singh, Barry Hahn, Brahim Ardolic, Shilip Gupta, Riyaz Bashir, Angara Koneti Rao, Manish Garg, Pravin Patil, Chad Zack, Gary Cohen, Frank Schmieder, Valdimir Lakhter, David Sacks, Robert Guay, Mark Scott, Karekin Cunningham, Adam Sigal, Terrence Cescon, Nick Leasure, Thiruvenkatasamy Dhurairaj, Patrick Muck, Kurt Knochel, Joann Lohr, Jose Barreau, Matthew Recht, Jayapandia Bhaskaran, Ranga Brahmamdam, David Draper, Apurva Mehta, James Maher, Melhem Sharafuddin, Steven Lentz, Andrew Nugent, William Sharp, Timothy Kresowik, Rachel Nicholson, Shiliang Sun, Fadi Youness, Luigi Pascarella, Charles Ray, Martha-Gracia Knuttinen, James Bui, Ron Gaba, Valerie Dobiesz, Ejaz Shamim, Sangeetha Nimmagadda, David Peace, Aarti Zain, Alison Palumto, Ziv Haskal, Jon Mark Hirshon, Howard Richard, Avelino Verceles, Jade Wong-You-Chong, Bertrand Othee, Rahul Patel, Bogdan Iliescu, David Williams, Joseph Gemmete, Wojciech Cwikiel, Kyung Cho, James Schields, Ranjith Vellody, Paula Novelli, Narasimham Dasika, Thomas Wakefield, Jeffrey Desmond, James Froehlich, Minhajuddin Khaja, David Hunter, Jafar Golzarian, Erik Cressman, Yvonne Dotta, Nate Schmiechen, John Marek, David Garcia, Isaac Tawil, Mark Langsfeld, Stephan Moll, Matthew Mauro, Joseph Stavas, Charles Burke, Robert Dixon, Hyeon Yu, Blair Keagy, Kyuny Kim, Raj Kasthuri, Nigel Key, Michael Makaroun, Robert Rhee, Jae−Sung Cho, Donald Baril, Luke Marone, Margaret Hseih, Kristian Feterik, Roy Smith, Geetha Jeyabalan, Jennifer Rogers, Russel Vinik, Dan Kinikini, Larry Kraiss, Michelle Mueller, Robert Pendleton, Matthew Rondina, Mark Sarfati, Nathan Wanner, Stacy Johnson, Christy Hopkins, Daniel Ihnat, John Angle, Alan Matsumoto, Nancy Harthun, Ulku Turba, Wael Saad, Brian Uthlaut, Srikant Nannapaneni, David Ling, Saher Sabri, John Kern, B. Gail Macik, George Hoke, Auh Wahn Park, James Stone, Benjamin Sneed, Scott Syverud, Kelly Davidson, Aditya Sharma, Luke Wilkins, Carl Black, Mark Asay, Daniel Hatch, Robert Smilanich, Craig Patten, S. Douglas Brown, Ryan Nielsen, William Alward, John Collins, Matthew Nokes, Randolph Geary, Matthew Edwards, Christopher Godshall, Pavel Levy, Ronald Winokur, Akhilesh Sista, David Madoff, Kyungmouk Lee, Bradley Pua, Maria DeSancho, Raffaele Milizia, Jing Gao, Gordon McLean, Sanualah Khalid, Larry Lewis, Nael Saad, Mark Thoelke, Robert Pallow, Seth Klein, Gregorio Sicard, Heather L. Gornik, Jim Julian, Stephen Kee, Lawrence Lewis, Elizabeth Magnuson, and Timothy P. Murphy

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Mechanical Thrombolysis, medicine.medical_treatment, Catheter directed thrombolysis, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Iliac Vein, Article, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrinolytic Agents, Quality of life, Randomized controlled trial, law, Surveys and Questionnaires, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, Medicine, Humans, In patient, Thrombolytic Therapy, 030212 general & internal medicine, cardiovascular diseases, Thrombus, Venous Thrombosis, business.industry, Thrombolysis, Femoral Vein, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, United States, humanities, 3. Good health, Venous thrombosis, Treatment Outcome, Quality of Life, Female, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

After deep venous thrombosis (DVT), many patients have impaired quality of life (QOL). We aimed to assess whether pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis (PCDT) improves short-term or long-term QOL in patients with proximal DVT and whether QOL is related to extent of DVT.The Acute Venous Thrombosis: Thrombus Removal with Adjunctive Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis (ATTRACT) trial was an assessor-blinded randomized trial that compared PCDT with no PCDT in patients with DVT of the femoral, common femoral, or iliac veins. QOL was assessed at baseline and 1 month, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months using the Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study on Quality of Life/Symptoms (VEINES-QOL/Sym) disease-specific QOL measure and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary general QOL measures. Change in QOL scores from baseline to assessment time were compared in the PCDT and no PCDT treatment groups overall and in the iliofemoral DVT and femoral-popliteal DVT subgroups.Of 692 ATTRACT patients, 691 were analyzed (mean age, 53 years; 62% male; 57% iliofemoral DVT). VEINES-QOL change scores were greater (ie, better) in PCDT vs no PCDT from baseline to 1 month (difference, 5.7; P = .0006) and from baseline to 6 months (5.1; P = .0029) but not for other intervals. SF-36 PCS change scores were greater in PCDT vs no PCDT from baseline to 1 month (difference, 2.4; P = .01) but not for other intervals. Among iliofemoral DVT patients, VEINES-QOL change scores from baseline to all assessments were greater in the PCDT vs no PCDT group; this was statistically significant in the intention-to-treat analysis at 1 month (difference, 10.0; P .0001) and 6 months (8.8; P .0001) and in the per-protocol analysis at 18 months (difference, 5.8; P = .0086) and 24 months (difference, 6.6; P = .0067). SF-36 PCS change scores were greater in PCDT vs no PCDT from baseline to 1 month (difference, 3.2; P = .0010) but not for other intervals. In contrast, in femoral-popliteal DVT patients, change scores from baseline to all assessments were similar in the PCDT and no PCDT groups.Among patients with proximal DVT, PCDT leads to greater improvement in disease-specific QOL than no PCDT at 1 month and 6 months but not later. In patients with iliofemoral DVT, PCDT led to greater improvement in disease-specific QOL during 24 months.

Published
2020

9. Natural Law Ethics in Theory and Practic : A Joseph Boyle Reader

Author

Joseph Boyle, John Liptay, Christopher Tolfesen, Joseph Boyle, John Liptay, and Christopher Tolfesen

Subjects
Natural law--Philosophy
Abstract

Natural Law Ethics in Theory and Practice brings together a selection of essays of the late Joseph Boyle. Boyle was, with Germain Grisez and John Finnis, a founder and developer of the New Classical Natural Law Theory, arguably the most important development in Catholic moral philosophy of the twentieth century. While this theory is indebted to the work of St. Thomas Aquinas, it incorporates an understanding and assessment of that work that is different from that found in other statements of natural law. Boyle made crucial contributions to a wide variety of aspects of this theory, and the volume is divided into two parts.Part One: Articulating a Theory of Natural Law contains three sections in which Boyle defends the reality of free choice and the view that the basic reasons for action, or first principles of natural law, are incommensurable in goodness. Boyle identifies the basic moral standard for choice and action, and develops an account of human action that elucidates the important role played by intention and double effect in their moral evaluation.The essays in Part Two: Natural Law Theory and Contemporary Moral Problems demonstrate the strength and scope of Boyle's natural law account, as he brings it to bear upon just war theory, property and welfare rights, and issues in bioethics. The essays in bioethics address the difficult question of whether it is appropriate to tube-feed patients in persistent vegetative state, and include an unpublished essay, “Against Assisted Death,” which he delivered as the Anscombe Lecture at The Anscombe Bioethics Centre in Oxford about a year before he died.This volume also includes a Foreword by Princeton's Robert P. George; an Introduction by the editors that highlights Boyle's contribution to the development of the new classical natural law theory; and a bibliography of Boyle's publications.

Published
2020

10. Methods and Strategies for Teaching Students with High Incidence Disabilities

Author

Joseph Boyle, David Scanlon, Joseph Boyle, and David Scanlon

Subjects
Special education, Special education--Activity programs, Special education--United States--Case studies, Children with disabilities--Education, Children with disabilities--Education--United
Abstract

Students in special education methods courses often become overwhelmed by the numerous methods and insufficient practice opportunities to apply techniques in actual teaching situations. That won't happen with METHODS AND STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING STUDENTS WITH HIGH INCIDENCE DISABILITIES: A CASE-BASED APPROACH. The book's focused approach presents just five to seven techniques in detail in each chapter. You'll see methods in action in case studies, and practice effective teaching methods and techniques through application activities. You'll also find information to help you address culturally, economically, linguistically, and ethnically diverse learners, among others.

Published
2018

11. World Without End

Author

Thomas Keating, Lucette Verboven, Joseph Boyle, Thomas Keating, Lucette Verboven, and Joseph Boyle

Abstract

Thomas Keating, author of Open Mind, Open Heart and father of the centering prayer movement, reflects on his life and Christian practice.In these conversations with film maker and writer Lucette Verboven, Thomas Keating OCSO – bestselling author, Trappist monk and founder of the Centering Prayer movement – looks back on his long life and spiritual development.Following on from his previous books Invitation to Love, Open Mind, Open Heart and The Mystery of Christ, Father Keating now turns his attention to the themes of awakening, the nature of true happiness and the character and purpose of death. World Without End also contains an interview with Abbot Joseph Boyle OCSO, who presides over the monastery where Father Keating is resident, high in the Rocky Mountains in Snowmass, Colorado. Verboven's insightful questions probe into the depths of Father Keating's spirituality, discussing identity, transformation, silence, nature and the cosmos – themes universal and applicable to all those searching for a deeper and more meaningful life.

Published
2017

12. Strategies for Teaching Students with Disabilities in Inclusive Classrooms : A Case Method Approach (2-downloads)

Author

Joseph Boyle, Mary C. Provost, Joseph Boyle, and Mary C. Provost

Abstract

Combining the best of concept and application, Strategies for Teaching Students in Inclusive Classrooms: A Case Method Approach covers teaching methods and cases from inclusive education settings. Offering an innovative chapter sequence, it pairs concept chapters with case chapters to ensure readers understand core material and can apply it to real situations. Learn about special education law and inclusion, teaching in the inclusive classroom, effective use of behavior management in inclusive classrooms and effective techniques for teaching basic skills such as reading, writing, and mathematics. See how strategies work in real classrooms through the text's clinical and narrative case studies that illustrate core concepts in action.

Published
2011

13. Medical Ethics and Double effect: The Case of Terminal Sedation.

Author

Joseph Boyle

Abstract

The use of terminal sedation to control the intense discomfort of dying patients appears both to be an established practice in palliative care and to run counter to the moral and legal norm that forbids health care professionals from intentionally killing patients. This raises the worry that the requirements of established palliative care are incompatible with moral and legal opposition to euthanasia. This paper explains how the doctrine of double effect can be relied on to distinguish terminal sedation from euthanasia. The doctrine of double effect is rooted in Catholic moral casuistry, but its application in law and morality need not depend on the particular framework in which it was developed. The paper further explains how the moral weight of the distinction between intended harms and merely foreseen harms in the doctrine of double effect can be justified by appeal to a limitation on the human capacity to pursue good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004

14. Catholic Sexual Ethics : A Summary, Explanation, & Defense, 3rd Edition

Author

William May, Ronald Lawler, Joseph Boyle, William May, Ronald Lawler, and Joseph Boyle

Subjects
Sex--Religious aspects--Catholic Church, Sexual ethics
Abstract

The authoritative work on the Church's teaching on sexual morality has been thoroughly updated to address dimensions of this complex topic that have emerged in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.Since publication of the 2nd edition of Catholic Sexual Ethics, the philosophical landscape of human sexuality has dramatically changed. The rise of such concerns as moral relativism, the drive for same-sex unions, and a drastic redefinition of'marriage'and'family'have underscored the need for an unambiguous, up-to-date understanding of Catholic sexual teaching.Features:Summary of Catholic teaching on sexuality from biblical times to our own.Presentation of principal elements of the teaching of Pope Benedict XVI on marriage in the early years of his pontificate.Discussion of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith's 2003 Considerations Regarding Proposals to Give Legal Recognition to Unions Between Homosexual Persons.Integration of more recent materials that clarify issues into the existing framework of the book.Whether you are involved in ministry, education, or catechesis, you will benefit from having this essential resource near at hand.

Published
1985

15. Philosophical Perspectives on Bioethics

Author

Joseph Boyle, Leonard W. Sumner, Joseph Boyle, and Leonard W. Sumner

Subjects
Medical ethics, Bioethics
Abstract

How should we attempt to resolve concrete bioethical problems? How are we to understand the role of bioethics in the health care system, government, and academe? This collection of original essays raises these and other questions about the nature of bioethics as a discipline. The contributors to the volume discuss various approaches to bioethical thinking and the political and institutional contexts of bioethics, addressing underlying concerns about the purposes of its practice. Included are extended analyses of such important issues as the conduct of clinical trials, euthanasia, justice in health care, the care of children, cosmetic surgery, and reproductive technologies.

Published
1996

16. Radiant Exitance of Old, New, and Damaged LED Light Curing Units.

Author

Imbery TA, Bergeron SY, and Boyle J

Subjects
Materials Testing, Composite Resins, Curing Lights, Dental, Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives
Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the radiant exitance of new, damaged, and 16-year-old light-curing units (LCUs) with and without infection control barriers, and before and after removal of any debris., Methods and Materials: Old LCUs consisted of 62 SmartLite iQ2 lights (Dentsply Sirona, York, PA). New LCUs consisted of 58 SmartLite Focus (Dentsply Sirona) and 58 Valo Grand (Ultradent, South Jordan, UT, USA) LCUs. Each LCU was examined for damage and debris on its tip. A handheld radiometer (CheckUp with BlueLight Analytics app, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada ) was used to measure the radiant exitance using a 10-second exposure time. Measurements were made with and without infection control barriers. If debris was present, the radiant exitance was measured before and after removal of debris with and without the barriers. All measurements were repeated three times. The means of the measurements were used for statistical analyses, which consisted of paired t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Tukey post-hoc analyses conducted with a 0.05 level of significance., Results: Infection control barriers significantly reduced the radiant exitance of all LCUs, ranging from 4.35% to 6.91% depending upon the LCU and the presence of debris or damage. Clean undamaged SmartLite Focus (907 mW/cm2) and Valo Grand (Ultradent) LCUs (883 mW/cm2) with barriers had statistically higher radiant exitance than older clean undamaged SmartLite iQ2 (Dentsply Sirona) LCUs (719 mW/cm2) with barriers. All LCUs exceeded the recommended 400 mW/cm2 radiant power to cure 2 mm of Filtek Supreme Ultra shade A2 composite resin (3M ESPE, St Paul MN, USA)., Conclusion: Infection control barriers, debris, damage, and age all significantly reduced radiant exitance of the lights., (©Operative Dentistry, 2022.)

Published
2022
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