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25. One Year of Musical Training Affects Development of Auditory Cortical-Evoked Fields in Young Children

Author

Fujioka, Takako, Ross, Bernhard, and Kakigi, Ryusuke

Abstract

Auditory evoked responses to a violin tone and a noise-burst stimulus were recorded from 4- to 6-year-old children in four repeated measurements over a 1-year period using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Half of the subjects participated in musical lessons throughout the year; the other half had no music lessons. Auditory evoked magnetic fields showed prominent bilateral P100m, N250m, P320m and N450m peaks. Significant change in the peak latencies of all components except P100m was observed over time. Larger P100m and N450m amplitude as well as more rapid change of N250m amplitude and latency was associated with the violin rather than the noise stimuli. Larger P100m and P320m peak amplitudes in the left hemisphere than in the right are consistent with left-lateralized cortical development in this age group. A clear musical training effect was expressed in a larger and earlier N250m peak in the left hemisphere in response to the violin sound in musically trained children compared with untrained children. This difference coincided with pronounced morphological change in a time window between 100 and 400 ms, which was observed in musically trained children in response to violin stimuli only, whereas in untrained children a similar change was present regardless of stimulus type. This transition could be related to establishing a neural network associated with sound categorization and/or involuntary attention, which can be altered by music learning experience.

Published
2006
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29. Effects of hypocapnia and hypercapnia on human somatosensory processing.

Author

Nakata, Hiroki, Kakigi, Ryusuke, Kubo, Hiroko, and Shibasaki, Manabu

Subjects
*HYPERCAPNIA, *CEREBRAL circulation, *CEREBRAL arteries, *PARTIAL pressure, *CARBON dioxide
Abstract

The present study investigated the effects of hypocapnia and hypercapnia on human somatosensory processing by utilizing somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) with magnetoencephalography (MEG). Thirteen volunteers participated in two experiments separately to measure respiratory and cardiovascular data and SEFs. Both experiments consisted of a combination of normal and rapid respiratory rhythms and two inspiratory gas conditions (air and a hypercapnic gas); normal breathing with air (NB), rapid breathing with air (RB), normal breathing with the hypercapnic gas (NB+Gas), and rapid breathing with gas (RB+Gas). Partial pressures of end-tidal CO 2 (P ETCO2) increased during inhaling the hypercapnic gas and decreased during RB, but the RB+Gas condition continued to cause elevated PETCO 2 compared with the baseline. Subsequently, middle cerebral artery blood (MCA) velocity using transcranial Doppler changed as well, while mean MCA velocity increased under the RB+Gas condition. The peak amplitude of the M60 component in SEFs was also significantly larger under with-gas than without-gas conditions, irrespective of the respiratory frequency. These results suggest that there is a close relationship between cerebral blood flow and neural activity of the M60 component in SEFs. This study provides evidence to further understanding on one of the neural mechanisms of hypercapnia. • We investigated effects of hypocapnia and hypercapnia on somatosensory processing. • Middle cerebral artery blood velocity increased under with-gas conditions. • The peak amplitude of the M60 component also increased under with-gas conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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