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9. Frequency dependent dielectric spectroscopy of Au/n-Si structure with stannic oxide (SnO2) interfacial layer.

Author

Karadeniz, S. and Yıldız, D. E.

Abstract

This study investigated the frequency dependent dielectric spectrum of Au/Si structures in which stannic oxide (SnO2) films formed by spin coating technique on silicon substrate were used as interface. Surface morphological examination of interfacial layer was made by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscope. The analyzes revealed a uniform and low surface roughness of 2.66 nm, which is important for high performance applications. Capacitance-frequency (C–f) and conductance-frequency (G/w–f) analysis techniques were used to characterize the produced devices. For this purpose, measurements were made at 1–1000 kHz frequency range and dc voltages between − 0.5 and 6.0 V with steps of 0.02 V. All measurement processes were performed at room temperature and under dark environment. The Complex impedance Cole–Cole plots showed the relaxation behavior as non-Debye type. The contribution of grain and grain boundary to conductance was predicted. Module analysis showed that the electrical transport in the material was in the form of a hopping mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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18. Urogynecology

Author

Petri E., Niemeyer R., Petri E., Niemeyer R., Sivaslioglu A. A., Haberal A., Dölen I., Dede H., Akkök E., Deveci S., Demir B., Aksakal O., Ugur M., Yilmaz B., Yesilyurt H., Mollamahmutoglu L., Sivaslioglu A. A., Elhan A., Sakul U., Dölen I., Tunc E., Ercan F., Haberal A., Aksakal O., Tuncay G., Aytan H., Tapisiz O. L., Bilge U., Mollamahmutoglu L., Aksakal O., Tuncay G., Bal S., Bilge U., Tapisiz O. L., Mollamahmutoglu L., Unlu S., Aksakal O., Tapisiz O. L., Tuncay G., Aytan H., Ugur M., Bilge U., Mollamahmutoglu L., Yasar L., Yazicioglu F., Efe C., Sönmez S., Zebitay A. G., Süt N., Sensoy Y., Cebi Z., Bayrak O., Cimentepe E., Gümüs I. I., Dede H., Sivaslioglu A., Dolen I., Dede F. S., Seckin L., Haberal A., Sivaslioglu A. A., Dolen I., Dede H., Dilbaz S., Demir B., Sümer C., Gelisen O., Unlubilgin E., Deveci S., Dede S., Seckin L., Haberal A., Dönmez M. D., Atis A., Aydin Y., Tandogan T., Ozpak D., Oruc O., Aksakal O. S., Doganay M., Aytan H., Gungor T., Bal S., Bilge U., Mollamahmutoglu L., Ozdegirmenci O., Dede F. S., Haberal A., Karslioglu Y., Karadeniz S., and Gunhan O.

Published
2005
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20. The development of upper bound and associated finite element techniques for the plastic shakedown of thermally loaded structures

Author

Karadeniz, S.

Subjects
620
Abstract

This thesis is concerned with the behaviour of structures subjected to cyclic or repeated thermal loading in the presence of steady mechanical loads. The present work consists of four main parts; in the first part, the thermal loading problems and the possible solution methods are discussed. The development of shakedown theory and its applications are reviewed with particular attention on the case of thermal actions. By utilising the upper bound shakedown theorem and assuming a broader range of shakedown conditions, a new extended upper bound technique for estimating the extent of plastic shakedown (reversed plasticity) region is developed. The occurrence of the structural and material shakedown and a related structural theory which indicates whether a reversed plasticity region exists, are discussed. In the second part, the influence of cyclic hardening and temperature dependents of material properties on the modes of behaviour of two representative kinematically determinate structures; namely a parallel two-bar assembly and a Bree plate are investigated by means of an empirical cyclic hardening material model and the theory, developed in the first part. Comparing the available experimental data on a two-bar structure with the predictions of perfect plasticity, complete cyclic and cyclic hardening models it is argued that the use of perfect plasticity model may not -always guarantee the safe performance above the shakedown limits. In this region the use of complete cyclic hardening model gives conservative boundary whereas the cyclic hardening model gives the most appropriate boundary. The analytical solutions for the Bree plate with temperature independent material properties show that the boundary between the reversed plasticity and ratchetting is insensitive to the hardening assumption. The influence of the transient thermal loading and the effects of multi-axial state of stress on the Bree solution are also studied. The applications of the upper bound technique to the problems involving transverse and in plane loading in plates are presented and the importance of the shear stresses in this type of loading conditions are emphasized. In the third part, a finite element technique for the computing of shakedown limits and estimation of the corresponding mechanisms of deformation for kinematically highly indeterminate structures is developed. Presenting the main features of the technique which is based upon the upper bound shakedown theorem and linear programming, a number of solutions are given to specific problems to illustrate the types of problems which may be solved by the technique. Some recently reported experimental data on a tube under axisymmetrical loading is compared with the present analytical predictions. Finally, the conclusions and the proposals for future work are presented in the fourth part.

Published
1983

29. Facile growth of high transmittance ZnO micro-rod clusters on indium tin oxide by a wet-chemical synthesis method.

Author

Karadeniz, S. Morkoç

Subjects
ZINC oxide, INDIUM tin oxide, CHEMICAL synthesis, X-ray diffraction, SCANNING electron microscopy
Abstract

A simple wet-chemical synthesis method was developed to fabricate Zinc oxide micro-rod clusters. The synthesis process involved the rapid dilution of a zinc-bearing alkaline solution at 150°C in a convection oven on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates. The synthesis was carried out by immersing an unseeded ITO substrate in a mixture of zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO3)2·6H2O) and hexamethylenetetramine ((CH2)6N4) aqueous solution. The obtained sample was annealed at 400°C for 2 h. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized ZnO microstructures were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, respectively. The ZnO rod clusters are hexagonal phase of the wurtzite structure. The crystal grain sizes of the films were found to be 72.6, 84.3 and 66.3 nm for the (100), (002) and (101) crystal planes, respectively. The optical bandgap of the ZnO was determined to be 3.147 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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31. Determination of the most appropriate surgical treatment in syndesmotic injury of ankle joint: Application of Taguchi method

Author

Gocer, H., Cirakli, A., Ugur, L., Yildiz, A., Karadeniz, S., and OMÜ

Subjects
Orthodontics, finite element model, Syndesmosis, medicine.medical_specialty, syndesmosis, screw fixation, Condensed Matter Physics, Surgery, Fixation (surgical), Taguchi methods, medicine.anatomical_structure, ankle, Ligament, medicine, von Mises yield criterion, Taguchi method, Calcaneus, Tibia, biomechanical, Ankle, Mathematics
Abstract

ugur, levent/0000-0003-3447-3191 WOS: 000396473800019 Background: Ankle injuries are more frequently observed in youth and athletes, and may lead to permanent disabilities if not treated properly. Approximately 10% of ankle injuries are associated with syndesmotic ligament injuries and fixation with screw is frequently applied as surgical treatment. The present study we aimed to determine the most proper model and model parameters by evaluating the minimum equivalent von Mises stress value developed in syndesmotic fixation of the ankle. Methods: By modeling the normal lower extremity in a healthy subject via the finite element analysis (FEA) method, we compared stress developed in a normal standing position in the models of syndesmotic injuries approached by frequently used cortical screws of various lengths and diameters, and by considering the number of screws and localization of fixation. Tibia, fibula, talus, and calcaneus were modeled as a three dimensional (3D) solid model via images of computerized tomography (CT), using the MIMICS program (version 10.01). The obtained 3D model was saved in the MIMICS program in STL (steriolithography) format, and transferred to the Geomagic Studio (version 10) program. Essential corrections were applied to the bones with the aid of the Geomagic program. The model of lower extremity designed was transferred to the Solidworks (version 2014) program in IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification) format, and thus the meniscus and cartilage were modeled. Tensions that developed in the ankle were calculated after forming a mesh pattern via the ANSYS Workbench (version 15.0) software. Results: Sixteen different models obtained were analyzed by the Taguchi method, and the most appropriate models and model parameters were indicated by determining the minimum equivalent von Mises stress value. Conclusion: Screw diameter was determined to be the most important parameter. When 16 different models were considered, a screw diameter of 4.5 mm and threecortex fixation with two screws parallel to the tibial joint surface were found to produce the most convenient model.

Published
2017

32. Erratum: 'European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)' the Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)

Author

Perk, J, De Backer, G, Gohlke, H, Graham, I, Reiner, Z, Verschuren, WMM, Albus, C, Benlian, P, Boysen, G, Cifkova, R, Deaton, C, Ebrahim, S, Fisher, M, Germano, G, Hobbs, R, Hoes, A, Karadeniz, S, Mezzani, A, Prescott, E, Ryden, L, Scherer, M, Syvänne, M, Scholte Op Reimer, WJ, Vrints, C, Wood, D, Zamorano, JL, Zannad, F, Cooney, MT, Bax, J, Baumgartner, H, Ceconi, C, Dean, V, Fagard, R, Funck-Brentano, C, Hasdai, D, Kirchhof, P, Knuuti, J, Kolh, P, McDonagh, T, Moulin, C, Popescu, BA, Reiner, Ž, Sechtem, U, Sirnes, PA, Tendera, M, Torbicki, A, Vahanian, A, Windecker, S, Aboyans, V, Ezquerra, EA, Baigent, C, Brotons, C, Burell, G, Ceriello, A, De Sutter, J, Deckers, J, Del Prato, S, Diener, HC, Fitzsimons, D, Fras, Z, Hambrecht, R, Jankowski, P, Keil, U, Kirby, M, Larsen, ML, Mancia, G, Manolis, AJ, McMurray, J, Pajak, A, Parkhomenko, A, Rallidis, L, Rigo, F, Rocha, E, Ruilope, LM, Van Der Velde, E, Vanuzzo, D, Viigimaa, M, Volpe, M, Wiklund, O, and Wolpert, C

Subjects
Clinical Practice, medicine.medical_specialty, Rehabilitation, Cardiovascular prevention, Task force, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Alternative medicine, medicine, Physical therapy, Disease prevention, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published
2016

33. Neurodegeneration in the diabetic eye:new insights and therapeutic perspectives

Author

Bandello, F, Burks, D, Cunha-Vaz, J, Egan, C, Garcia-Arumi, J, Gibson, J, Harding, S, Karadeniz, S, Lang, G, Massin, P, Midena, E, Pontasi, B, Porta, M, Scanlon, P, Grauslund, Jakob, and Valverde, AM

Subjects
Diabetic microangiopathy, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Glutamic Acid, Apoptosis, Disease, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Neuroprotection, Retina, Macular Degeneration, Endocrinology, Ranibizumab, medicine, Animals, Humans, Inflammation, Diabetic Retinopathy, Blindness, business.industry, Microcirculation, Neurodegeneration, Microangiopathy, Retinal Vessels, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neuroprotective Agents, business, Neuroscience
Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the leading causes of preventable blindness, has been considered a microcirculatory disease of the retina. However, there is emerging evidence to suggest that retinal neurodegeneration is an early event in the pathogenesis of DR, which participates in the development of microvascular abnormalities. Therefore, the study of the underlying mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration and the identification of the mediators in the crosstalk between neurodegeneration and microangiopathy will be essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In this review, an updated discussion of the mechanisms involved in neurodegeneration, as well as the link between neurodegeneration and microangiopathy, is presented. Finally, the therapeutic implications and new perspectives based on identifying those patients with retinal neurodegeneration are given.

Published
2014
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34. Microbial adherence to a nonprecious alloy after plasma nitriding process.

Author

Sonugelen M, Destan UI, Lambrecht FY, Öztürk B, and Karadeniz S

Abstract

PURPOSE: To investigate the microbial adherence to the surfaces of a nonprecious metal alloy after plasma nitriding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The plasma-nitriding process was performed to the surfaces of metals prepared from a nickel-chromium alloy. The microorganisms were labeled with technetium-99m. After the labeling procedure, 60 metal disks were treated with a microorganism for each use. RESULTS: The results revealed that the amount of adherence of all microorganisms on surfaces was changed by plasma-nitriding process; adherence decreased substantially (P < .05) and the differences in plasma nitriding time were not significant (P> .05) CONCLUSION: With the plasma-nitriding process, the surface properties of nonprecious metal alloys can be changed, leading to decreased microbial adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

35. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)

Author

Perk, J, De Backer, G, Gohlke, H, Graham, I, Reiner, Z, Verschuren, M, Albus, c, Benlian, P, Boysen, G, Cifkova, R, Deaton, C, Ebrahim, S, Fisher, M, Germano, G, Hobbs, R, Hoes, A, Karadeniz, S, Mezzani, A, Prescott, E, Ryden, L, Scherer, M, Syvänne, M, Scholte, W, Reimer, O, Vrints, C, Wood, D, Zamorano, L, Zahnnad, F, Committe for Practice Guidelines, (CPG), and Windecker, S

Published
2012
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36. The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) Developed with the special contribution of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation

Author

Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Z., Verschuren, WMM, Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., Cifkova, R., Deaton, C., Ebrahim, S., Fisher, M., Germano, G., Hobbs, R., Hoes, A., Karadeniz, S., Mezzani, A., Prescott, E., Ryden, L., Scherer, M., Syvanne, M., Cooney, M. T., Bax, J., Baumgartner, H., Ceconi, C., Dean, V., Fagard, R., Funck-Brentano, C., Hasdai, D., Kirchhof, P., Knuuti, J., Kolh, P., McDonagh, T., Moulin, C., Popescu, B. A., Sechtem, U., Sirnes, P. A., Tendera, M., Torbicki, A., Vahanian, A., Windecker, S., Aboyans, V., Ezquerra, E. A., Baigent, C., Brotons, C., Burell, G., Ceriello, A., De Sutter, J., Deckers, J., Del Prato, S., Diener, Hans Christoph, Fitzsimons, D., Fras, Z., Hambrecht, R., Jankowski, P., Keil, U., Kirby, M., Larsen, M. L., Mancia, G., Manolis, A. J., McMurray, J., Pajak, A., Parkhomenko, A., Rallidis, L., Rigo, F., Rocha, E., Ruilope, L. M., van der Velde, E., Vanuzzo, D., Viigimaa, M., Volpe, M., Wiklund, O., and Wolpert, C.

Subjects
Medizin
Published
2012

37. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) : the fifth joint task force of the European society of cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)

Author

Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Z., Verschuren, M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., Cifkova, R., Deaton, C., Ebrahim, S., Fisher, M., Germano, G., Hobbs, R., Hoes, A., Karadeniz, S., Mezzani, A., Prescott, E., Ryden, L., Scherer, M., Syvanne, M., Scholte Op Reimer, W. J. M., Vrints, C., Wood, D., Zamorano, J. L., Zannad, F., Cooney, M. T., Bax, J., Baumgartner, H., Ceconi, C., Dean, V., Fagard, R., Funck Brentano, C., Hasdai, D., Kirchhof, P., Knuuti, J., Kolh, P., Mcdonagh, T., Moulin, C., Popescu, B. A., Sechtem, U., Sirnes, P. A., Tendera, M., Torbicki, A., Vahanian, A., Windecker, S., Aboyans, V., Ezquerra, E. A., Baigent, C., Brotons, C., Burell, G., Ceriello, A., De Sutter, J., Deckers, J., Del Prato, S., Diener, H. C., Fitzsimons, D., Fras, Z., Hambrecht, R., Jankowski, P., Keil, U., Kirby, M., Larsen, M. L., Mancia, G., Manolis, A. J., Mcmurray, J., Pajak, A., Parkhomenko, A., Rallidis, L., Rigo, F., Rocha, E., Ruilope, L. M., Van Der Velde, E., Vanuzzo, D., Viigimaa, M., Volpe, Massimo, Wiklund, O., Wolpert, C., Authors/task Force Members, Parts Of The Guidelines:, Other Experts Who Contributed T. O., Esc, Committee For Practice Guidelines :., Document, Reviewers, School of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Department of Public Health, University of Gent, University Hospital Center Zagreb, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health [London], London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Primary Care Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Service de Cardiologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, General Practice, physical activity, Blood Pressure, Smoking Prevention, Comorbidity, prevention, Electronic Health Records, Myocardial infarction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, Rehabilitation, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Evidence-Based Medicine, Prognosis, Cardiovascular disease, Lipids, Drug Combinations, nutrition, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Diagnostic Imaging, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypercholesterolemia, Advisory Committees, Health Promotion, Risk Assessment, Medication Adherence, European guidelines, cardiovascular disease prevention, Humans, education, Physician's Role, Exercise, Life Style, Aged, Primary Health Care, Patient Selection, Cardiovascular Agents, medicine.disease, Self Care, Health promotion, Early Diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiology, Disease prevention, Risk Reduction Behavior, Biomarkers, Diabetic Angiopathies, Systolic hypertension, Risk Factors, Preventive Health Services, Applied Psychology, Middle Aged, Clopidogrel, Clinical Practice, Hospitalization, Europe, Treatment Outcome, Heart Function Tests, Hypertension, Female, Heart Protection Study, medicine.drug, Adult, Consensus, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, Population, MEDLINE, psychosocial factors, risk assessment, risk management, smoking, Nurse's Role, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, medicine, Obesity, cardiovascular diseases, Antihypertensive Agents, Task force, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Diet, Socioeconomic Factors, Family medicine, Heart failure, Chronic Disease, Smoking Cessation, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Delivery of Health Care, Stress, Psychological, Kidney disease
Abstract

ABI : ankle–brachial index ACCORD : Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes ADVANCE : Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled Evaluation AGREE : Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation AHA : American Heart Association apoA1 : apolipoprotein A1 apoB : apolipoprotein B CABG : coronary artery bypass graft surgery CARDS : Collaborative AtoRvastatin Diabetes Study CCNAP : Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions CHARISMA : Clopidogrel for High Athero-thrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilisation, Management, and Avoidance CHD : coronary heart disease CKD : chronic kidney disease COMMIT : Clopidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial CRP : C-reactive protein CURE : Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events CVD : cardiovascular disease DALYs : disability-adjusted life years DBP : diastolic blood pressure DCCT : Diabetes Control and Complications Trial ED : erectile dysfunction eGFR : estimated glomerular filtration rate EHN : European Heart Network EPIC : European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition EUROASPIRE : European Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention through Intervention to Reduce Events GFR : glomerular filtration rate GOSPEL : Global Secondary Prevention Strategies to Limit Event Recurrence After MI GRADE : Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation HbA1c : glycated haemoglobin HDL : high-density lipoprotein HF-ACTION : Heart Failure and A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise TraiNing HOT : Hypertension Optimal Treatment Study HPS : Heart Protection Study HR : hazard ratio hsCRP : high-sensitivity C-reactive protein HYVET : Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial ICD : International Classification of Diseases IMT : intima-media thickness INVEST : International Verapamil SR/Trandolapril JTF : Joint Task Force LDL : low-density lipoprotein Lp(a) : lipoprotein(a) LpPLA2 : lipoprotein-associated phospholipase 2 LVH : left ventricular hypertrophy MATCH : Management of Atherothrombosis with Clopidogrel in High-risk Patients with Recent Transient Ischaemic Attack or Ischaemic Stroke MDRD : Modification of Diet in Renal Disease MET : metabolic equivalent MONICA : Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease NICE : National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence NRT : nicotine replacement therapy NSTEMI : non-ST elevation myocardial infarction ONTARGET : Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial OSA : obstructive sleep apnoea PAD : peripheral artery disease PCI : percutaneous coronary intervention PROactive : Prospective Pioglitazone Clinical Trial in Macrovascular Events PWV : pulse wave velocity QOF : Quality and Outcomes Framework RCT : randomized clinical trial RR : relative risk SBP : systolic blood pressure SCORE : Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation Project SEARCH : Study of the Effectiveness of Additional Reductions in Cholesterol and SHEP : Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program STEMI : ST-elevation myocardial infarction SU.FOL.OM3 : SUpplementation with FOlate, vitamin B6 and B12 and/or OMega-3 fatty acids Syst-Eur : Systolic Hypertension in Europe TNT : Treating to New Targets UKPDS : United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study VADT : Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial VALUE : Valsartan Antihypertensive Long-term Use VITATOPS : VITAmins TO Prevent Stroke VLDL : very low-density lipoprotein WHO : World Health Organization ### 1.1 Introduction Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic disorder developing insidiously throughout life and usually progressing to an advanced stage by the time symptoms occur. It remains the major cause of premature death in Europe, even though CVD mortality has …

Published
2012
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38. A European evidence-based guideline for the prevention of type 2 diabetes

Author

Paulweber, B. Valensi, P. Lindström, J. Lalic, N.M. Greaves, C.J. McKee, M. Kissimova-Skarbek, K. Liatis, S. Cosson, E. Szendroedi, J. Sheppard, K.E. Charlesworth, K. Felton, A.-M. Hall, M. Rissanen, A. Tuomilehto, J. Schwarz, P.E. Roden, M. Paulweber, M. Stadlmayr, A. Kedenko, L. Katsilambros, N. Makrilakis, K. Kamenov, Z. Evans, P. Gilis-Januszewska, A. Lalic, K. Jotic, A. Djordevic, P. Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic, V. Hühmer, U. Kulzer, B. Puhl, S. Lee-Barkey, Y.H. Alkerwi, A. Abraham, C. Hardeman, W. Acosta, T. Adler, M. Barengo, N. Barengo, R. Boavida, J.M. Charlesworth, K. Christov, V. Claussen, B. Cos, X. Cosson, E. Deceukelier, S. Dimitrijevic-Sreckovic, V. Djordjevic, P. Evans, P. Felton, A.-M. Fischer, M. Gabriel-Sanchez, R. Gilis-Januszewska, A. Goldfracht, M. Gomez, J.L. Hall, M. Handke, U. Hauner, H. Herbst, J. Hermanns, N. Herrebrugh, L. Huber, C. Hühmer, U. Huttunen, J. Jotic, A. Kamenov, Z. Karadeniz, S. Katsilambros, N. Khalangot, M. Kissimova-Skarbek, K. Köhler, D. Kopp, V. Kronsbein, P. Kulzer, B. Kyne-Grzebalski, D. Lalic, K. Lalic, N. Landgraf, R. Lee-Barkey, Y.H. Liatis, S. Lindström, J. Makrilakis, K. McIntosh, C. McKee, M. Mesquita, A.C. Misina, D. Muylle, F. Neumann, A. Paiva, A.C. Pajunen, P. Paulweber, B. Peltonen, M. Perrenoud, L. Pfeiffer, A. Pölönen, A. Puhl, S. Raposo, F. Reinehr, T. Rissanen, A. Robinson, C. Roden, M. Rothe, U. Saaristo, T. Scholl, J. Schwarz, P.E. Sheppard, K.E. Spiers, S. Stemper, T. Stratmann, B. Szendroedi, J. Szybinski, Z. Tankova, T. Telle-Hjellset, V. Terry, G. Tolks, D. Toti, F. Tuomilehto, J. Undeutsch, A. Valadas, C. Valensi, P. Velickiene, D. Vermunt, P. Weiss, R. Wens, J. Yilmaz, T.

Abstract

Background: The prevalence and socioeconomic burden of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and associated co-morbidities are rising worldwide. Aims: This guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for preventing T2DM. Methods: A European multidisciplinary consortium systematically reviewed the evidence on the effectiveness of screening and interventions for T2DM prevention using SIGN criteria. Results: Obesity and sedentary lifestyle are the main modifiable risk factors. Age and ethnicity are non-modifiable risk factors. Case-finding should follow a step-wise procedure using risk questionnaires and oral glucose tolerance testing. Persons with impaired glucose tolerance and/or fasting glucose are at high-risk and should be prioritized for intensive intervention. Interventions supporting lifestyle changes delay the onset of T2DM in high-risk adults (number-needed-to-treat: 6.4 over 1.84.6 years). These should be supported by inter-sectoral strategies that create health promoting environments. Sustained body weight reduction by 5% lowers risk. Currently metformin, acarbose and orlistat can be considered as second-line prevention options. The population approach should use organized measures to raise awareness and change lifestyle with specific approaches for adolescents, minorities and disadvantaged people. Interventions promoting lifestyle changes are more effective if they target both diet and physical activity, mobilize social support, involve the planned use of established behaviour change techniques, and provide frequent contacts. Cost-effectiveness analysis should take a societal perspective. Conclusions: Prevention using lifestyle modifications in high-risk individuals is cost-effective and should be embedded in evaluated models of care. Effective prevention plans are predicated upon sustained government initiatives comprising advocacy, community support, fiscal and legislative changes, private sector engagement and continuous media communication. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart - New York.

Published
2010

39. Analysis of frequency-dependent In/SiO2/P-Si series resistance and interface states of (MIS) structures

Author

Selcuk, A. Birkan, Ocak, Sema, Karadeniz, S., and Tugluoglu, N.

Abstract

In this work, the investigation of the interface state density and series resistance from capacitance voltage (C-V) and conductance-voltage (G/omega)-V) characteristics in In/SiO2/P-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structures with thin interfacial insulator layer have been reported. The thickness Of SiO2 film obtained from the measurement of the oxide capacitance corrected for series resistance in the strong accumulation region is 220 A. The forward and reverse bias C-V and G/omega)-V characteristics of MIS structures have been studied at the frequency range 30 kHz-1 MHz at room temperature. The frequency dispersion in capacitance and conductance can be interpreted in terms of the series resistance (R,) and interface state density (D-it,) values. Both the series resistance R-s and density of interface states Dit are strongly frequency-dependent and decrease with increasing frequency. The distribution profile of R-s-V gives a peak at low frequencies in the depletion region and disappears with increasing frequency. Experimental results show that the interfacial polarization contributes to the improvement of the dielectric properties of In/SiO2/P-Si MIS structures. The interface state density value of In/SiO2/P-Si MIS diode calculated at strong accumulation region is 1.11 x 10(12) eV(-1)cm(-2) at 1 MHz. It is found that the calculated value of D-it (approximate to 10(12)eV(-1) cm(-2)) is not high enough to pin the Fermi level of the Si substrate disrupting the device operation. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Published
2007

40. Microbial adherence to a nonprecious alloy after plasma nitriding process

Author

Sonugelen, M, Destan, UI, Karadeniz, S, Ozturk, B, and Lambrecht, FY

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the microbial adherence to the surfaces of a nonprecious metal alloy after plasma nitriding. Materials and Methods: The plasma-nitriding process was performed to the surfaces of metals prepared from a nickel-chromium alloy. The microorganisms were labeled with technetium-99m. After the labeling procedure, 60 metal disks were treated with a microorganism for each use. Results: The results revealed that the amount of adherence of all microorganisms on surfaces was changed by plasma-nitriding process; adherence decreased substantially (P .05) Conclusion: With the plasma-nitriding process, the surface properties of nonprecious metal alloys can be changed, leading to decreased microbial adherence.

Published
2006

42. Co gamma irradiation effects on the the capacitance and conductance characteristics of Au/PMI/n-Si Schottky diodes.

Author

Tuğluoğlu, N., Karadeniz, S., Yüksel, Ö., Şafak, H., and Kuş, M.

Abstract

In this work, the perylene-monoimide/n-Si (100) Schottky structures have been fabricated by spin coating process. We have studied the capacitance-voltage ( C- V) and conductance-voltage ( G- V) characteristics of the Au/perylene-monoimide/n-Si diodes at 500 kHz before and after Co γ-ray irradiation. The effects of Co γ -ray irradiation on the electrical characteristics of a perylene-monoimide/n-Si Schottky diode have been investigated. A decrease both in the capacitance and conductance has been observed after Co γ -ray irradiation. This has been attributed to a decrease in the net ionized dopant concentration that occurred as a result of Co γ-ray irradiation. Some contact parameters such as barrier height (Φ) interface state density ( N) and series resistance ( R) have been calculated from the C- V and G- V characteristics of the diode before and after irradiation. It has been observed that the Φ and N values are decreased after the applied radiation, while the R value is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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45. Analysis of electrical properties of Al/p-Si Schottky contacts with and without rubrene layer

Author

Karadeniz, S., Barış, B., Yüksel, Ö.F., and Tuğluoğlu, N.

Subjects
*ALUMINUM, *ELECTRIC properties of metals, *SCHOTTKY effect, *CURRENT-voltage characteristics, *SILICON diodes, *SPINTRONICS
Abstract

Abstract: The current–voltage (I–V) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics of Al/p-Si diode without and with rubrene layer fabricated by spin coating method have been investigated. From analyzing the I–V measurements for Al/p-Si diode, the basic device parameters such as barrier height, ideality factor and series resistance were extracted and then compared with the value which calculated from the I–V measurements for Al/rubrene/p-Si diode at room temperature. Also, the barrier height, built-in potential, concentration of ionized donors, and some other parameters of diode were found using C–V measurements. The barrier height values of 0.649 and 0.771eV and ideality factor values of 1.22 and 1.51 were calculated using I–V measurements for diodes without and with rubrene layer, respectively. It has been seen that the rubrene layer raises the barrier height value of the device since this layer generates the physical barrier between p-Si and Al. By using C–V measurement of the Al/rubrene/p-Si diode, the barrier height value has been found as 0.820eV. The energy distribution of the interface state density of device with rubrene layer determined from I–V characteristics increases exponentially with bias from 8.72×109 to 2.43×1011 cm−2 eV−1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2013
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46. UNIAXIAL TENSILE TESTING OF RUBBER-LIKE MATERIALS.

Author

Vahapoglu, V., Karadeniz, S., and Yazici, I.

Subjects
*EXPERIMENTAL design, *DATA collection platforms, *RUBBER testing, *ANALYSIS of means, *DATA analysis, *MACHINERY reliability, *EQUIPMENT & supplies, *COMPUTER software
Abstract

The article discusses the features of computered-controlled uniaxial tensile test machine and its supporting equipment to study the inelastic behaviors of rubber-like materials. It states that the major features of uniaxial machines include the simplicity of its mechanical system, its cost, and its flexible software which was developed by utilizing LabView data acquisition and control software. Inelastic behaviors of rubber-like materials and details on processing the data are also cited.

Published
2011
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47. A New Approach on Diffusion Welding of Fe-Cu-C and Fe-Zn-C Powder Metal Parts.

Author

Babayev, Y., Kahraman, F., and Karadeniz, S.

Subjects
POWDERS, METALS, WELDING, FURNACES, SINTERING
Abstract

Cylindrical parts made from pre-strengthened Fe-Cu-C and Fe-Zn-C powders, fabricated under 1000 MPa-cold press, were welded in a vacuum furnace at different temperatures by diffusion welding. A novel approach was used where powder metallurgy parts were sintered together with diffusion welding with no extra pressure applied during the welding process. Chemical composition, cold press pressure, and sintering time (consequently welding time) were constant during the experimental works. Samples were examined by means of optical microscopy for metallographic inspection and by energy dispersive spectroscopy for compositional analysis. The shear strength and hardness profiles of joints were determined. It was observed that shear strength and hardness values of welding increased with increasing welding temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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49. Temperature-dependent barrier characteristics of Ag/p-SnSe Schottky diodes based on I–V–T measurements.

Author

Tu&gcaron;luo&gcaron;lu, N., Karadeniz, S., Şahin, M., and Şafak, H.

Subjects
*SCHOTTKY barrier diodes, *GAUSSIAN distribution, *SEMICONDUCTORS, *THERMIONIC emission
Abstract

The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Ag Schottky contacts on a Bridgman–Stockbarger grown p-type SnSe layered semiconducting material have been measured over the temperature range of 80–350 K. Their analysis based on the thermionic emission (TE) theory has revealed an abnormal decrease of zero-bias barrier height and increase of ideality factor at lower temperatures. This behaviour has been interpreted on the basis of the assumption of a Gaussian distribution of barrier heights due to barrier height inhomogeneities that prevail at the interface. The inhomogeneities are considered to have Gaussian distribution with a mean barrier height of [inline image] and standard deviation of σs0 = 0.075 V at zero-bias. Furthermore, the mean barrier height and the Richardson constant values were obtained by means of the modified Richardson plot, ln(I0/T2) - (q2σ2s0/2k2T2)versus 1000/T, as 0.603 eV and 7.72 A K-2 cm-2 respectively, of which latter is close to its theoretical value of 18 A K-2 cm-2 used for the determination of the zero-bias barrier height. Hence, it has been concluded that the temperature dependence of the I–V characteristics of the Schottky barrier on p-type SnSe can be successfully explained on the basis of TE mechanism with Gaussian distribution of the barrier heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004

50. Temperature-dependent barrier characteristics of Ag/p-SnS Schottky barrier diodes.

Author

Karadeniz, S., Şahin, M., Tu&gcaron;luo&gcaron;lu, N., and Şafak, H.

Subjects
*SCHOTTKY barrier diodes, *GAUSSIAN distribution, *DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory), *VACUUM tubes
Abstract

The current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of Ag/p-SnS Schottky barrier diodes were measured in the temperature range of 100–300 K and have been interpreted on the basis of the assumption of a Gaussian distribution of barrier heights (BHs) due to barrier height inhomogeneities that prevail at the interface. It is shown that the occurrence of a Gaussian distribution of the BHs is responsible for the decrease of the apparent barrier height ΦB0, increase of the ideality factor n and nonlinearity in the activation energy plot at low temperatures. The inhomogeneities are considered to have a Gaussian distribution with a mean barrier height of [inline image] and a standard deviation of σs0 = 0.093 V at zero bias. Furthermore, the mean barrier height and the Richardson constant values were obtained as 0.642 eV and 12.89 A K-2 cm-2, respectively, by means of the modified Richardson plot, ln(I0/T2) - (q2σ2s0/2k2T2) versus 103/T. Hence, it has been concluded that the temperature dependence of the I–V characteristics of the Schottky barrier on p-type SnS can be successfully explained on the basis of TE mechanism with a Gaussian distribution of the barrier heights. Furthermore, the value of the Richardson constant found is much closer than that obtained without considering the inhomogeneous barrier heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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