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264 results on '"Kareken, David A."'

5. Neural processing of sweet taste in reward regions is reduced following bariatric surgery.

Author

Alessi, Jonathan, Dzemidzic, Mario, Harezlak, Jaroslaw, Kareken, David A., and Considine, Robert V.

Subjects
FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging, REWARD (Psychology), SWEETNESS (Taste), TASTE testing of food, PREFRONTAL cortex
Abstract

Objective: Bariatric surgery reduces sweet‐liking, but mechanisms remain unclear. We examined related brain responses. Methods: A total of 24 nondiabetic bariatric surgery and 21 control participants with normal weight to overweight were recruited for an observational controlled cohort study. They underwent sucrose taste testing outside the scanner followed by stimulation with 0.40M and 0.10M sucrose compared with water during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 21 bariatric participants repeated these procedures after surgery. Results: Perceived sweet intensity was not different among the control, presurgery, or postsurgery groups. Bariatric participants' preferred sweet concentration decreased after surgery (0.52M to 0.29M; p = 0.008). Brain reward system (ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex) region of interest analysis showed that 0.40M sucrose activation (but not 0.10M) decreased after surgery. Sensory region (primary somatosensory and primary taste cortex) 0.40M sucrose activation was unchanged by surgery and did not differ between control and bariatric participants. Primary taste cortex activation to 0.10M sucrose solution was greater in postsurgical bariatric participants compared with control participants. Conclusions: Bariatric surgery reduces the reward system response to sweet taste in women with obesity without affecting activity in sensory regions, which is consistent with reduced drive to consume sweet foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Human Judgment and Estimation of Premorbid Intellectual Function.

Author

Kareken, David A. and Williams, J. Michael

Abstract

Two experiments examined the discrepancy between beliefs and behaviors of first 48 and then 20 clinical neuropsychologists in estimating premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) of patients. Judges overstated correlations between IQ and its most important predictors, and they had difficulty behaving consistently with correlations they believed to exist. (SLD)

Published
1994

34. Recent drinking history: association with family history of alcoholism and the acute response to alcohol during a 60 mg% clamp *

Author

Ramchandani, Vijay A., Flurry, Leah, Morzorati, Sandra L., Kareken, David, Blekher, Tanya, Foroud, Tatiana, Li, Ting-Kai, and O'Connor, Sean

Subjects
Alcoholism -- Social aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Physiological aspects, Brain -- Physiological aspects -- Genetic aspects -- Psychological aspects -- Social aspects, Family -- Social aspects -- Physiological aspects -- Psychological aspects, Drinking of alcoholic beverages -- Physiological aspects -- Psychological aspects -- Social aspects, Alcoholic beverages -- Physiological aspects -- Psychological aspects -- Social aspects, Health, Psychology and mental health, Psychological aspects, Social aspects, Physiological aspects, Genetic aspects
Abstract

Objective: Family history of alcoholism (FHA) is associated with increased drinking history, which can be a confounding factor in studies of the influence of FHA on the acute response to alcohol. The objective of this analysis was to investigate the association between recent drinking history (RDH) and FHA in a sample of family history positive (FHP; n = 55, 28 women) and family history negative (FHN; n = 55, 29 women) subjects, and to explore the influence of RDH on the response to alcohol during a 60 mg% clamp. Method: RDH was measured using daily diary and timeline followback methods. The total number of drinks in the 4-week (TD28) and 1-week (TD07) intervals prior to the study were determined, as well as the number of drinking days in the same intervals. Dependent measures of brain function were obtained at baseline (BO), immediately after the target BrAC was achieved (B1) and 105 minutes later (B2). The alcohol response was quantified as an initial response (ira = B1-B0) and an adaptive response (ada = B2-B1). The association between RDH and the ira and ada measures was tested using multivariate regression. Results: The RDH measures showed a large variance across subjects, with no significant differences between FHP and FHN groups in the study sample. The initial responses for subjective perceptions of 'high' and 'intoxicated,' Alcohol Sensation Scale scores and scores for the grooved pegboard task were significantly negatively associated with TD28. Acute tolerance to perceptions of 'high' and 'intoxication' was significantly negatively associated with TD28. Conclusions: Heavy drinking history is associated with a decreased initial response to alcohol and greater acute tolerance to alcohol, particularly for subjective measures. Although RDH was not associated with FHA in this study, it may be an important determinant of the response to alcohol. (J. Stud. Alcohol 63: 734-744, 2002), STUDIES INVESTIGATING the influence of family history of alcoholism (FHA) on the acute response to alcohol, both initial and adaptive, could be confounded by the drinking history of subjects. Previous [...]

Published
2002

42. Cognitive deficits and health-related quality of life in chronic heart failure

Author

Pressler, Susan J., Subramanian, Usha, Kareken, David, Perkins, Susan M., Gradus-Pizlo, Irmina, Sauve, Mary Jane, Ding, Yan, Kim, JinShil, Sloan, Rebecca, Jaynes, Heather, and Shaw, Rose M.

Subjects
Heart failure -- Development and progression, Heart failure -- Patient outcomes, Heart failure -- Research, Quality of life -- Health aspects, Quality of life -- Research, Cognition in children -- Research, Self-care, Health -- Research, Business, Health, Health care industry
Published
2010

43. Cognitive deficits in chronic heart failure

Author

Pressler, Susan J., Subramanian, Usha, Kareken, David, Perkins, Susan M., Gradus-Pizlo, Irmina, Sauve, Mary Jane, Ding, Yan, Kim, JinShil, Sloan, Rebecca, Jaynes, Heather, and Shaw, Rose Mary

Subjects
Heart failure -- Research, Cardiac patients -- Psychological aspects, Blood pressure -- Measurement, Mental retardation -- Causes of, Business, Business, international, General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Published
2010

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