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Lie groups were introduced in 1870 by the Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie. A century later Jean Dieudonné quipped that Lie groups had moved to the center of mathematics and that one cannot undertake anything without them. A pro-Lie group is a complete topological group G in which every identity neighborhood U of G contains a normal subgroup N such that the quotient G/N is a Lie group. Every locally compact connected topological group and every compact group is a pro-Lie group. While the class of locally compact groups is not closed under the formation of arbitrary products, the class of pro-Lie groups is. For half a century, locally compact pro-Lie groups have drifted through the literature, yet this is the first book which systematically treats the Lie theory and the structure theory of pro-Lie groups irrespective of local compactness. So it fits very well into that current trend which addresses infinite dimensional Lie groups. The results of this text are based on a theory of pro-Lie algebras which parallels the structure theory of finite dimensional real Lie algebras to an astonishing degree even though it has to overcome technical obstacles. A topological group is said to be almost connected if the quotient group of its connected components is compact. This book exposes a Lie theory of almost connected pro-Lie groups (and hence of almost connected locally compact groups) and illuminates the variety of ways in which their structure theory reduces to that of compact groups on the one hand and of finite dimensional Lie groups on the other. It is therefore a continuation of the authors'monograph on the structure of compact groups (1998, 2006, 2014, 2020, 2023) and is an invaluable tool for researchers in topological groups, Lie theory, harmonic analysis and representation theory. It is written to be accessible to advanced graduate students wishing to study this fascinating and important area of research, which has so many fruitful interactions with other fields of mathematics.

This authoritative book on periodic locally compact groups is divided into three parts: The first part covers the necessary background material on locally compact groups including the Chabauty topology on the space of closed subgroups of a locally compact group, its Sylow theory, and the introduction, classifi cation and use of inductively monothetic groups. The second part develops a general structure theory of locally compact near abelian groups, pointing out some of its connections with number theory and graph theory and illustrating it by a large exhibit of examples. Finally, the third part uses this theory for a complete, enlarged and novel presentation of Mukhin's pioneering work generalizing to locally compact groups Iwasawa's early investigations of the lattice of subgroups of abstract groups. Contents Part I: Background information on locally compact groups Locally compact spaces and groups Periodic locally compact groups and their Sylow theory Abelian periodic groups Scalar automorphisms and the mastergraph Inductively monothetic groups Part II: Near abelian groups The definition of near abelian groups Important consequences of the definitions Trivial near abelian groups The class of near abelian groups The Sylow structure of periodic nontrivial near abelian groups and their prime graphs A list of examples Part III: Applications Classifying topologically quasihamiltonian groups Locally compact groups with a modular subgroup lattice Strongly topologically quasihamiltonian groups

Of all topological algebraic structures compact topological groups have perhaps the richest theory since 80 many different fields contribute to their study: Analysis enters through the representation theory and harmonic analysis; differential geo­ metry, the theory of real analytic functions and the theory of differential equations come into the play via Lie group theory; point set topology is used in describing the local geometric structure of compact groups via limit spaces; global topology and the theory of manifolds again playa role through Lie group theory; and, of course, algebra enters through the cohomology and homology theory. A particularly well understood subclass of compact groups is the class of com­ pact abelian groups. An added element of elegance is the duality theory, which states that the category of compact abelian groups is completely equivalent to the category of (discrete) abelian groups with all arrows reversed. This allows for a virtually complete algebraisation of any question concerning compact abelian groups. The subclass of compact abelian groups is not so special within the category of compact. groups as it may seem at first glance. As is very well known, the local geometric structure of a compact group may be extremely complicated, but all local complication happens to be'abelian'. Indeed, via the duality theory, the complication in compact connected groups is faithfully reflected in the theory of torsion free discrete abelian groups whose notorious complexity has resisted all efforts of complete classification in ranks greater than two.

Lie groups were introduced in 1870 by the Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie. A century later Jean Dieudonné quipped that Lie groups had moved to the center of mathematics and that one cannot undertake anything without them. If a complete topological group G can be approximated by Lie groups in the sense that every identity neighborhood U of G contains a normal subgroup N such that G/N is a Lie group, then it is called a pro-Lie group. Every locally compact connected topological group and every compact group is a pro-Lie group. While the class of locally compact groups is not closed under the formation of arbitrary products, the class of pro-Lie groups is. For half a century, locally compact pro-Lie groups have drifted through the literature, yet this is the first book which systematically treats the Lie and structure theory of pro-Lie groups irrespective of local compactness. This study fits very well into that current trend which addresses infinite dimensional Lie groups. The results of this text are based on a theory of pro-Lie algebras which parallels the structure theory of finite dimensional real Lie algebras to an astonishing degree even though it has to overcome greater technical obstacles. This book exposes a Lie theory of connected pro-Lie groups (and hence of connected locally compact groups) and illuminates the manifold ways in which their structure theory reduces to that of compact groups on the one hand and of finite dimensional Lie groups on the other. It is a continuation of the authors'fundamental monograph on the structure of compact groups (1998, 2006), and is an invaluable tool for researchers in topological groups, Lie theory, harmonic analysis and representation theory. It is written to be accessible to advanced graduate students wishing to study this fascinating and important area of current research, which has so many fruitful interactions with other fields of mathematics.

Hellmuth Kneser (1898-1973) ist der Zweite von drei bedeutenden Mathematikern aus aufeinander folgenden Generationen der Familie Kneser, die wegweisende Erkenntnisse in einem erstaunlich breiten Spektrum von Spezialgebieten beisteuerten. Erst in jüngster Zeit haben Fachleute erkannt, wie sehr Hellmuth Knesers Arbeit die Entwicklung der Topologie und der Theorie mehrerer komplexer Variablen beeinflusst hat. Er war ein Mathematiker mit außerordentlichem Weitblick und hat daher auch wichtige Beiträge zu anderen Bereichen geleistet, darunter zur mathematischen Logik, zur Theorie der Differenzialgleichungen, zu den mathematischen Grundlagen der Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Operations Research) und zu den wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Schulmathematik. Die Arbeiten sind mit der Ausnahme von zwei in Französisch verfassten Artikeln in deutscher Sprache geschrieben. Diese Werksammlung enthält alle in Zeitschriften veröffentlichten Arbeiten Knesers, sowie eine vollständige bislang unveröffentlichte Buchvorlage über seine Vorstellungen zur Schulmathematik. Sie enthält englische Kommentare von Spezialisten über verschiedene Aspekte des Kneserschen Werks mit Rückblicken, Analysen und Ausblicken.

The aim of the Expositions is to present new and important developments in pure and applied mathematics. Well established in the community over more than two decades, the series offers a large library of mathematical works, including several important classics. The volumes supply thorough and detailed expositions of the methods and ideas essential to the topics in question. In addition, they convey their relationships to other parts of mathematics. The series is addressed to advanced readers interested in a thorough study of the subject. Editorial Board Lev Birbrair, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, BrasilWalter D. Neumann, Columbia University, New York, USAMarkus J. Pflaum, University of Colorado, Boulder, USADierk Schleicher, Aix-Marseille Université, FranceKatrin Wendland, University of Freiburg, Germany Honorary Editor Victor P. Maslov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Titles in planning include Yuri A. Bahturin, Identical Relations in Lie Algebras (2019)Yakov G. Berkovich, Lev G. Kazarin, and Emmanuel M. Zhmud', Characters of Finite Groups, Volume 2 (2019)Jorge Herbert Soares de Lira, Variational Problems for Hypersurfaces in Riemannian Manifolds (2019)Volker Mayer, Mariusz Urbański, and Anna Zdunik, Random and Conformal Dynamical Systems (2021)Ioannis Diamantis, Boštjan Gabrovšek, Sofia Lambropoulou, and Maciej Mroczkowski, Knot Theory of Lens Spaces (2021)

The aim of the Expositions is to present new and important developments in pure and applied mathematics. Well established in the community over more than two decades, the series offers a large library of mathematical works, including several important classics. The volumes supply thorough and detailed expositions of the methods and ideas essential to the topics in question. In addition, they convey their relationships to other parts of mathematics. The series is addressed to advanced readers interested in a thorough study of the subject. Editorial Board Lev Birbrair, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, BrasilWalter D. Neumann, Columbia University, New York, USAMarkus J. Pflaum, University of Colorado, Boulder, USADierk Schleicher, Aix-Marseille Université, FranceKatrin Wendland, University of Freiburg, Germany Honorary Editor Victor P. Maslov, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Titles in planning include Yuri A. Bahturin, Identical Relations in Lie Algebras (2019)Yakov G. Berkovich, Lev G. Kazarin, and Emmanuel M. Zhmud', Characters of Finite Groups, Volume 2 (2019)Jorge Herbert Soares de Lira, Variational Problems for Hypersurfaces in Riemannian Manifolds (2019)Volker Mayer, Mariusz Urbański, and Anna Zdunik, Random and Conformal Dynamical Systems (2021)Ioannis Diamantis, Boštjan Gabrovšek, Sofia Lambropoulou, and Maciej Mroczkowski, Knot Theory of Lens Spaces (2021)

This volume contains survey papers by the invited speakers at the Conference on Semigroup Theory and Its Applications which took place at Tulane University in April, 1994. The authors represent the leading areas of research in semigroup theory and its applications, both to other areas of mathematics and to areas outside mathematics. Included are papers by Gordon Preston surveying Clifford's work on Clifford semigroups and by John Rhodes tracing the influence of Clifford's work on current semigroup theory. Notable among the areas of application are the paper by Jean-Eric Pin on applications of other areas of mathematics to semigroup theory and the paper by the editors on an application of semigroup theory to theoretical computer science and mathematical logic. All workers in semigroup theory will find this volume invaluable.