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Global warming is characterized by high concentrations of greenhouse gas emissions, namely CO2, in the atmosphere. Mangrove ecosystems play a role in mitigating global climate change because they can absorb carbon through photosynthesis and then store it in a carbon pool, which includes Above Ground Biomass (AGB), Below Ground Biomass (BGB), litter or dead wood, and sediment. This study aimed to determine the value of biomass, carbon stocks, and CO2 sequestration in the mangrove ecosystem in the Riau Island. Carbon stocks were estimated by collecting data on AGB, BGB, and dead wood using the non-destructive allometric modeling method, and sediment sampling was carried out at 30 cm intervals until the discovery of humus soil. There are eight research stations spread across Riau Island. The results of the biomass calculation are then converted into carbon stock values and CO2 sequestration. The result showed that the mangrove ecosystem in Riau Island had a biomass value of 1854,54 tons/ha, estimated carbon stocks of 2052,78 tonsC/ha, and a CO2 sequestration of 7527,52 tonsC/ha. The mangrove ecosystem in Riau Island has an area of 79.228,91 Ha so it can store carbon reserves of 162.639.342 tonsC. The amount of CO2 can be minimized or controlled by reducing emissions and conserving forests, namely by improving mangrove management according to the function of mangrove forests.

In some parts of Indonesia, people have consumed mangrove fruit as a traditional food. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza or lindur plant, is one of the mangroves that have bioactive compounds as antioxidant. Antioxidant compounds found in Brugueira gymnorrizha fruit are thought to be able to reduce free radicals. However, the information on the benefits and potential of mangrove fruit as a source of antioxidants is still limited. Not many studies have shown that lindur plant fruit can be used as antioxidants, Therefore, further research on this topic is needed. This research aimed to identify the content of bioactive compounds and the activity of Brugueira gymnorrhiza fruit extract obtained from the Pengudang waters of Bintan Island. This research includes several analyses, including analysis of bioactive compound content, total phenolics and flavonoid content, pigment content, and antioxidant activity analysis. The method used in this research was a laboratory experimental and the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method was used to test the antioxidant activity of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruit extract. The results showed that the bioactive compounds contained in Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruit extract are flavonoid and tannin compounds. The total phenolics and flavonoids amounted to 4.05 mg GAE/g sample and 9.36 mg QE/g sample. The content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid pigments were 0.47 mg/g, 1.03 mg/g, and 2.72 μmol/g. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza extract has potent antioxidant activity (IC50 60.77 ppm).

This study investigates the status and anthropogenic pressures on seagrass ecosystem. Urbanization and tourism in the coastal areas of Bintan, Indonesia were increasing in the recent years. They have become new pressures to intertidal ecosystem and habitats, particularly seagrass ecosystem. Seagrass meadows are the important ecosystem and habitats in Bintan region. They provide a wide range of ecosystem services, including for small-scale fisheries and have being Dugongs (Dugong dugon) habitats for food. Currently, the sea grass status is less healthy or damaged with 11 species. The anthropogenic disturbance processes have affected the spatial distribution, percent coverage, biodiversity, and community structure of sea grass. Moreover, several species are hard to find. Directly, sea grass meadows are impacted by introduced coastal development (i.e. settlement area, tourism accommodation, port, etc.), land-based pollution, reclamation, boating traffic, dredging activities and tourism activities. Sea grass conservation area and marine spatial planning based on the land- and seascape connectivity is important for conservation efforts and sustainable management of sea grass.

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive malignant tumor, characterized by non-random chromosomal translocations that produce fusion genes. Fusion genes and fusion protein products are promising targets for gene therapy. Therapeutic approaches and strategies vary based on target molecules (nucleotides, proteins) of interest. We present an extensive literature review of active molecules for gene therapy and methods of gene therapy delivery, both of which are necessary for successful treatment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Background: Ewing sarcoma (ES) cells exhibit extreme plasticity that contributes to the cell's survival and recurrence. Although multiple studies reveal various signaling pathways mediated by the EWSR1/FLI1 fusion, the specific transcriptional control of tumor cell resistance to doxorubicin is unknown. Understanding the molecular hubs that contribute to this behavior provides a new perspective on valuable therapeutic options against tumor cells., Methods: Single-cell RNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomics were used., Results: A goal of this study was to identify protein hubs that would help elucidate tumor resistance which prompted ES to relapse or metastasize. Several differentially expressed genes and proteins, including adhesion, cytoskeletal, and signaling molecules, were observed between embryonic fibroblasts and control and doxorubicin-treated tumor cell lines. While several cancer-associated genes/proteins exhibited similar expression across fibroblasts and non-treated cells, upregulation of some proteins belonging to metabolic, stress response, and growth pathway activation was uniquely observed in doxorubicin-treated sarcoma cells, respectively. The novel information on differentially expressed genes/proteins provides insights into the biology of ES cells, which could help elucidate mechanisms of their recurrence., Conclusions: Collectively, our results identify a novel role of cellular proteins in contributing to tumor cell resistance and escape from doxorubicin therapy and contributing to ES progression.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive malignant tumor commonly affecting adolescents. The standard of care includes surgical treatment and systemic therapies, although ES patients often develop drug resistance, leading to disease progression. Tumorigenesis in Ewing's sarcoma has unique characteristics that allow for the development of targeted therapeutics. New data on the role of oncogenic drivers in ES tumorigenesis, particularly in relation to treatment-induced stress, offers new therapeutic opportunities. This review summarizes the latest information on the clinically relevant oncogenes found in Ewing's sarcoma, their biological roles, and candidate targets for improving ES patient outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Autophagy is the process of recycling and utilization of degraded organelles and macromolecules in the cell compartments formed during the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. During autophagy induction the healthy and tumor cells adapt themselves to harsh conditions such as cellular stress or insufficient supply of nutrients in the cell environment to maintain their homeostasis. Autophagy is currently seen as a form of programmed cell death along with apoptosis and necroptosis. In recent years multiple studies have considered the autophagy as a potential mechanism of anticancer therapy in malignant glioma. Although, subsequent steps in autophagy development are known and well-described, on molecular level the mechanism of autophagosome initiation and maturation using autophagy-related proteins is under investigation. This article reviews current state about the mechanism of autophagy, its molecular pathways and the most recent studies on roles of autophagy-related proteins and their isoforms in glioma progression and its treatment., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

With an increase on coral reefs vulnerability worldwide, an efficient and an integrated monitoring technique are required. Photographic and video methods are now becoming more attractive rather than conventional technique to optimize diver time. In this research, the level of effectiveness of RIKA-R3DI method was evaluated using Agisoft Photoscan. The method was based on the reconstructed images in three dimensional image assisted by a computer with Agisoft Photoscan to facilitate data processing. This research aims to identify Acroporidae and Favidae as the models of coral reef-building species. The samples were collected from the waters of Beralas Pasir Island, Bintan Regency. Visual engineering was conducted in the form of 3D viewing with attention to the corallite shape and size, as well as the color of the corals. The result was successful in identifying 4 species, i.e. Acropora microphthalma, A. sarmentosa, Favia maritima, F. vietnamensis. The keys benefit of this methodologies are: •The RIKA-R3DI method allows to reduce diving time during direct visual observation.•The method has high accuracy and is non-invasive, since it does not touch directly to the coral.•The application of RIKA-R3DI can be used to identified the coral species and evaluate the coral health status base on the percent coverage.