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Background: Family planning is a key means to achieving many of the Sustainable Development Goals. Lack of data in marginalized populations on knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) hampers efforts to improve modern contraceptive practice. Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and family planning practices and understand the facilitators and barriers for adopting family planning methods. Methodology: Cross-sectional study among men and women workers of reproductive age group and in-depth interviews (IDIs) in selected women worker of reproductive age group; were conducted. Qualitative data were described in proportions and compared using standard statistical tests. Qualitative data were coded and grouped and discussed using identified themes. Results: Among 85 migrant workers studied, more than two-third of the workers had no formal schooling. Only 38% were found to have practiced any Family Planning Methods (FPM), among the non-usage of any FPM, it has been found that 37% were never felt the need for FPM, 21% had no knowledge regarding any FPM. The facilitators identified for FPM were knowledge & practice about FPM, felt need for a small family, health system support, family support. As a migrant worker, they face multiple barriers like, difficulty in identifying the health facility, increased work time, difficulty in comprehending the local language and inaccessible frontline healthcare workers. Conclusion: The finding stresses the need to shift focus towards building intention, in addition to ensuring access of trained staff, and commodities drugs and equipment, and building capacities of health care providers

Jaya Prasad Tripathy1,2, Karuna D Sagili,1 Soundappan Kathirvel1,3, Archana Trivedi,1 Sharath Burugina Nagaraja,4 Om Prakash Bera1,5, Kiran Kumar Reddy,1 Srinath Satyanarayana1,2, Ashwani Khanna,6 Sarabjit S Chadha11Centre for Operational Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, New Delhi, India; 2Centre for Operational Research, International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France; 3Department of Community Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; 4Department of Community Medicine, Employees State Insurance Corporation Medical College, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Bangalore, India; 5Bloomberg Data for Health Initiative, Vital Strategies, Mumbai, India; 6Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Delhi, New Delhi, IndiaBackground: Weak public health systems have been identified as major bottlenecks in providing good quality diabetic care in low- and middle-income countries.Methodology: The present study assessed diabetic care services at public health facilities across six districts in three states of India using a mixed methods approach. The study described diabetes care services available at public health facilities and identified challenges and solutions needed to tackle them. The quantitative component included assessment of availability of services and resources, whilst the qualitative component was comprised of semistructured interviews with health care providers and persons with diabetes to understand the pathway of care.Results: A total of 30 health facilities were visited: five tertiary; eight secondary and 17 primary health facilities. Patient clinical records were not maintained at the facilities; the onus was on patients to keep their own clinical records. All had the facility for blood glucose measurement, but HbA1c estimation was available only at tertiary centers. None of the primary health centers in the three states provided HbA1c estimation, lipid examination, or foot care. Lifestyle modification support was available in only a few tertiary facilities. Antidiabetic drugs (biguanides and sulphonyl ureas) were available in most facilities, and given for 14 days. Insulin and statins were available only at secondary and tertiary care centers. Forty-two physicians were interviewed and poor follow-up, patient overload, and lack of specialized training were the major barriers that emerged from the interview responses. A total of 37 patients were interviewed. Patients had to visit tertiary facilities for drugs and routine follow-up, thereby congesting the facilities. There was no formal referral or follow-up mechanism to link patients to decentralized facilities.Conclusion: There is a wide gap between effective diabetes management practices and their implementation. There should be a greater role of secondary care facilities in follow-up investigations and screening for complications. A holistic diabetic care package with a robust recording and cohort monitoring system and adequate referral mechanism is needed.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, primary care, screening, noncommunicable disease, mixed methods

Background: Ultrasonography (USG) is used extensively across countries to diagnose and manage diseases. However, the existing USG services must be utilised rationally and effectively. Aim: Understanding the pattern of USG prescriptions and findings is important for improving the quality of healthcare services delivered by any healthcare system. Patients and Methods: A mixed methods study was conducted at a rural sub-district hospital in northern India to assess the pattern and completeness of prescriptions and USG findings and explore the patient and doctor-related factors influencing the USG prescription practices. Results: Of the 505 patients studied, 324 (64.2%) were females. The median age was 32 years (interquartile range: 24–45 years). The availability of complete medical history and clinical examination recording was 471 (85.7%) and 145 (28.7%), respectively. The indication for USG was mentioned in 436 (86.3%) prescriptions. Of the total, 251 (49.7%) had abnormal ultrasound findings. The abnormal finding was significantly high amongst patients (a) aged 45–59 years (P = 0.015) and (b) referred from surgery, paediatrics and other outpatient departments (P = 0.001) after adjustment to other factors. Patient-related factors such as non-harmfulness, free availability, reassurance of normality and health system/provider-level factors such as absence or low awareness of guidelines and changed clinical practice were the reasons for the current pattern of USG prescriptions. Conclusion: Although the medical history is better recorded, the incomplete recording of clinical examination needs improvement. Placing a guideline for prescribing USG, imposing nominal user fees and patient education and counselling can be tested for effectively utilising the USG services. Further, tracking the change in clinical management following the USG in Indian setting is the need of the hour.

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, Z(R) be its zero-divisors, and H be a nonempty proper multiplicative prime subset of R: The generalized total graph of R is the simple undirected graph GTH(R) with the vertex set R and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if x+y ∈ H: In this paper, we investigate the vertex connectivity, edge connectivity and separation of GT(F) for the finite field F: In particular, we prove that k = k' = Δ for GT(F): [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Donor organ shortage is a barrier to lung transplantation. Donation after circulatory death (DCD) may offer a solution, although it is underutilized. The objective of this study was to compare survival and other postoperative outcomes between DCD and donation after brain death (DBD). Methods: We performed a multicenter analysis of Multi-Institutional Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) Registry data from 11 lung transplant centers in the United States and Europe. Demographics and clinical parameters were compared using chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Survival was assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves and compared by log-rank test with propensity score matching. Results: Of 1,585 patients included in the study, 135 (8.5%) received DCD lungs and 1,450 (91.5%) received DBD lungs. DCD recipients had higher rates of obstructive lung disease (p = 0.042), longer total ischemic time (p

Background: The National Noncommunicable Disease Program of India currently recommends population-based NCD screening (PBS) among people aged ≥30 years. The low turnaround for diagnosis confirmation is a consistent issue the program has faced since its launch. The current study assessed an expanded PBS (including people 18–29 years) and intensified (home-based) diagnosis confirmation strategy for hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in a routine programmatic setting. Materials and Methods: This implementation research was conducted among all people aged ≥18 years in a rural health block in northern India. The eligible population was screened for HT and DM (using random blood sugar), and the screen positives were asked to visit a nearby public health facility (preferably) for diagnosis. An intensified home-based diagnosis confirmation was offered to screen positives who did not visit the health facility for diagnosis confirmation. Results: Of the 2004 participants screened, 1149 (57.3%) were female and 586 (28.2%) were aged 18–29 years. A total of 353 (20.2%) and 200 (10.9%) were found newly screened positive for HT and DM, respectively. The turnout rate for facility-based confirmation ranged from 69.6% to 91.2%. The prevalence of HT and DM in people aged 18–29 years and ≥30 years was 6.1% and 2.9% and 30.0% and 26.2%, respectively. The expanded screening and intensified home-based diagnosis confirmation strategies yielded an additional 12.8% HT and 24.1% DM among the total new cases detected. Conclusion: An expanded PBS and intensified diagnosis confirmation is feasible in a programmatic setting and has yielded additional new cases. Cost effectiveness of the above strategy must be assessed in future studies. Further, in-depth understanding of the risk perception, and potential cultural, social, and health system factors for improving the uptake of confirmatory tests is the need of the hour.

Introduction Implementation of enhanced recovery pathways (ERPs) has resulted in improved patient-centred outcomes and decreased costs. However, there is a lack of high-level evidence for many ERP elements. We have designed a randomised, embedded, multifactorial, adaptive platform perioperative medicine (REMAP Periop) trial to evaluate the effectiveness of several perioperative therapies for patients undergoing complex abdominal surgery as part of an ERP. This trial will begin with two domains: postoperative nausea/vomiting (PONV) prophylaxis and regional/neuraxial analgesia. Patients enrolled in the trial will be randomised to arms within both domains, with the possibility of adding additional domains in the future.Methods and analysis In the PONV domain, patients are randomised to optimal versus supraoptimal prophylactic regimens. In the regional/neuraxial domain, patients are randomised to one of five different single-injection techniques/combination of techniques. The primary study endpoint is hospital-free days at 30 days, with additional domain-specific secondary endpoints of PONV incidence and postoperative opioid consumption. The efficacy of an intervention arm within a given domain will be evaluated at regular interim analyses using Bayesian statistical analysis. At the beginning of the trial, participants will have an equal probability of being allocated to any given intervention within a domain (ie, simple 1:1 randomisation), with response adaptive randomisation guiding changes to allocation ratios after interim analyses when applicable based on prespecified statistical triggers. Triggers met at interim analysis may also result in intervention dropping.Ethics and dissemination The core protocol and domain-specific appendices were approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. A waiver of informed consent was obtained for this trial. Trial results will be announced to the public and healthcare providers once prespecified statistical triggers of interest are reached as described in the core protocol, and the most favourable interventions will then be implemented as a standardised institutional protocol.Trial registration number NCT04606264.

Byline: S. Kathirvel, J. Thakur, S. Sharma Background: Tobacco is a leading risk factor for different types of diseases globally. Tobacco smoking by women is culturally unacceptable in India, but [...]

There exist limited strategies to address the issue of topical medication without prescription (MWP) use. A survey with pre-coded questionnaires was conducted with 210 patients following up in the dermatology clinic of a tertiary care center. The knowledge and attitude scores were regressed against demographics and exploratory practice questions, and latent class analysis was carried out to check any particular set of characteristics associated with study subpopulations. Forty-seven (22%) participants were found using topical antimicrobial containing MWP. Participants with good knowledge score had 3.41 (95% C.I. = 1.68–7.33), 2.99 (1.37–6.73), and 2.49 (1.26–5.15) times association with opting of distance as the prime reason for availing topical MWP, habit of always reading the accompanying drug leaflet, and understanding that OTC topical medication may change the effect of the already prescribed drugs. Participants with good attitude score showed 2.76 (1.50–5.13) times association with limiting the use of steroid containing topical MWP. Latent class analysis identified one subset of participants having lesser knowledge and attitude scores and quoted financial reasons for the procurement of MWP; however, it was found to have greater income as compared to remaining participants. The strategy to identify the target patient audience so as to deliver patient education intervention programs, regarding safe and effective use of MWP was built. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perioperative transient ischemic attacks (PTIAs) are associated with significantly increased rates of postoperative complications such as low cardiac output, atrial fibrillation, and significantly higher mortality in cardiac procedures. The current literature on PTIAs is sparse and understudied. Therefore, we aim to understand the effects of PTIA on hospital utilization, readmission, and morbidity. Using data on all the cardiac procedures at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2011 to 2019, fine and gray analysis was performed to identify whether PTIAs and covariables correlate with increased hospital utilization, stroke, all-cause readmission, Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events (MACCE), MI, and all-cause mortality. Logistic regression for longer hospitalization showed that PTIA (HR: 2.199 [95% CI: 1.416–3.416] increased utilization rates. Fine and gray modeling indicated that PTIA (HR: 1.444 [95% CI: 1.096–1.902], p < 0.01) increased the rates of follow-up all-cause readmission. However, PTIA (HR: 1.643 [95% CI: 0.913–2.956] was not statistically significant for stroke readmission modeling. Multivariate modeling for MACCE events within 30 days of surgery (HR: 0.524 [95% CI: 0.171–1.605], p > 0.25) and anytime during the follow-up period (HR: 1.116 [95% CI: 0.825–1.509], p > 0.45) showed no significant correlation with PTIA. As a result of PTIA’s significant burden on the healthcare system due to increased utilization, it is critical to better define and recognize PTIA for timely management to improve perioperative outcomes.

Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is an important intervention in preventing infection and reducing TB incidence among household contacts (HHCs). A mixed-methods study was conducted to assess the “Test and Treat” model of TPT care cascade among HHCs aged ≥5 years of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients (bacteriologically/clinically confirmed) being provided TPT care under Project Axshya Plus implemented in Maharashtra (India). A quantitative phase cohort study based on record review and qualitative interviews to understand the challenges and solutions in the TPT care cascade were used. Of the total 4181 index patients, 14,172 HHCs were screened, of whom 36 (0.3%) HHCs were diagnosed with tuberculosis. Among 14,133 eligible HHCs, 10,777 (76.3%) underwent an IGRA test. Of them, 2468 (22.9%) tested positive for IGRA and were suggested for chest X-ray. Of the eligible 2353 HHCs, 2159 (91.7%) were started on TPT, of whom 1958 (90.6%) completed the treatment. The median time between treatment initiation of index PTB patient and (a) HHC screening was 31 days; (b) TPT initiation was 64 days. The challenges in and suggested solutions for improving the TPT care cascade linked to subthemes were tuberculosis infection testing, chest X-ray, human resources, awareness and engagement, accessibility to healthcare facilities, TPT drugs, follow-up, and assessment. A systematic monitoring and time-based evaluation of TPT cascade care delivery followed by prompt corrective actions/interventions could be a crucial strategy for its effective implementation and for the prevention of tuberculosis.

The National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP) of India is implementing tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) for all household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (index patients) aged 5 years with TB infection (TBI). We conducted an explanatory mixed-methods study among index patients registered in the Kolar district, Karnataka during April-December 2022, to assess the TPT cascade and explore the early implementation challenges for TPT provision. Of the 301 index patients, contact tracing home visits were made in 247 (82.1%) instances; a major challenge was index patients’ resistance to home visits fearing stigma, especially among those receiving care from the private sector. Of the 838 HHCs, 765 (91.3%) were screened for TB; the challenges included a lack of clarity on HHC definition and the non-availability of HHCs during house visits. Only 400 (57.8%) of the 692 eligible HHCs underwent an IGRA test for TBI; the challenges included a shortage of IGRA testing logistics and the perceived low risk among HHCs. As HHCs were unaware of their IGRA results, a number of HHCs actually eligible for TPT could not be determined. Among the 83 HHCs advised of the TPT, 81 (98%) initiated treatment, of whom 63 (77%) completed treatment. Though TPT initiation and completion rates are appreciable, the NTEP needs to urgently address the challenges in contact identification and IGRA testing.

The research work presents the comparative study on finite element modal analysis of 14 layers E-glass epoxy (G/E plate) and 10 layers basalt epoxy (B/E plate) composite angle-ply trapezoidal plate for various boundary conditions. The G/E and B/E plate having fiber orientations of [0°/+45°/0°/-45°/0°/+45°/0°]s and [0°/+45°/0°/-45°/0°]s are considered for fabricating plates using compression molding technique to minimize void content. Then, orthotropic properties are determined by experimental testing as per ASTM standards. The effects of different geometrical parameters including aspect ratio (a/b = 1 and 2), taper ratio (c/b = 0.25–1), and span-to-thickness ratio (a/h = 50) of trapezoidal plates on undamped modal analysis are done for G/E and B/E plates. A shell 281 element, which obeys first-order shear deformation theory, is applied in commercial finite element software to extract the natural frequencies and mode shapes for various boundary conditions using properties determined by experimental testing. The calculated mechanical properties are compared between G/E plate and B/E plate, and the results show basalt fiber as alternative material to E-glass fiber. The results of nondimensional frequency parameters and mode shapes of G/E and B/E plate also show good agreement with previous research work.

Let R be a finite commutative ring with nonzero identity and U (R) be the set of all units of R. The graph Γ is the simple undirected graph with vertex set R in which two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if there exists a unit element u in U (R) such that x + u y is a unit in R. In this paper, we obtain degree of all vertices in Γ and in turn provide a necessary and sufficient condition for Γ to be Eulerian. Also, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the complement Γ ¯ to be Eulerian, Hamiltonian and planar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cows with the history of achezia were subjected to detailed anamnesis, as clinical, rectal and rumen fluid, haematobiochemical and ultrasonographic examination. Cows with functional ileus were administered with neostigmine or azithromycin along with intravenous fluids, streptopenicillin and flunixin meglumine, for 3 days. It was found that cows administered with azithromycin could pass dung earlier when compared to the cow administered with neostigmine although both drugs did not produce any deleterious effects during the therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundThe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exposed the public health preparedness and response system across the world. The current study was conducted to gauge the perception of public health professionals of Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) countries regarding the preparedness and responses of their countries in mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodologyThree capacity-building programs, namely “Managing COVID-19 Pandemic–Experience and Best practices of India” were conducted by PGIMER, Chandigarh, for public health professionals from ITEC countries from April to May 2021 in which 97 participants from 13 countries have participated. The tools used in the study were adapted from WHO's COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response (SPRP), Monitoring and Evaluation Framework, interim guidelines for Critical preparedness, readiness and response actions for COVID-19, and a strategic framework for emergency preparedness, and finalized using Delphi technique. The overall preparedness of managing COVID-19 was rated using five-point Likert scale, whereas the overall score for the country in combating the COVID-19 pandemic was assessed using 10 point scale.ResultsWe found that the perception of public health professionals to government response regarding COVID-19 for fostering improvement on COVID-19 situation was “moderate” with respect to transmission and surveillance mechanism, uniform reporting mechanism, and availability of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) for health workers. However, the participants rated government response as “poor” in the availability of multisectoral national operational plan, human resource capacity, availability of trained rapid response team (RRT), preparedness in prevention and clinical management, training of healthcare workers, communication and community engagement strategies, facilities to test samples of patients, and transparent governance and administration.ConclusionA poor level of preparedness of countries in diverse domains of managing the COVID-19 pandemic was observed. As the global threat of COVID-19 is still looming, great efforts on building a robust preparedness and response system for COVID-19 and similar pandemics are urgently required.

Background: The prevalence of aspergillus sensitization (AS) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in asthmatic children remains unclear. Objective: To systematically review the literature to estimate the prevalence of AS and ABPA in children with bronchial asthma. Methods: We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies reporting the prevalence of AS or ABPA in pediatric asthma. The primary outcome was to assess the prevalence of AS, while the secondary outcome was to evaluate the prevalence of ABPA. We pooled the prevalence estimates using a random effects model. We also calculated the heterogeneity and publication bias. Results: Of the 11,695 records retrieved, 16 studies with 2468 asthmatic children met the inclusion criteria. Most studies were published from tertiary centers. The pooled prevalence of AS in asthma (15 studies; 2361 subjects) was 16.1% (95% confidence intervals [CI], 9.3–24.3). The prevalence of AS was significantly higher in prospective studies, studies from India, and those from developing countries. The pooled prevalence of ABPA in asthma (5 studies; 505 children) was 9.9% (95% CI, 0.81–27.6). There was significant heterogeneity and publication bias for both outcomes. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of AS and ABPA in asthmatic children. There is a need for community-based studies from different ethnicities using a standard methodology to ascertain the true prevalence of AS and ABPA in pediatric asthma.

The present study was undertaken for phenotypic characterization of Rajapalayam, an important dog breed of southern India. Rajapalayam dog population originated from Rajapalayam taluk of Virudhunagar district of southern Tamil Nadu. Surveys on Rajapalayam dog were undertaken in Rajapalayam town, villages of Rajapalayam taluk and Dog Breeding Unit at Chennai (Govt. of Tamil Nadu). Sets of questionnaire and breed descriptor formats were developed to collect information on different aspects of phenotypic characterization. During the survey, 26 each of physical and morphometric traits were recorded on 88 adult and 21 puppies. Information on different aspects of management of animals was collected through interview of 20 Rajapalayam dog owners. Rajapalayam dogs were medium in size with compact body, tucked-up abdomen, white coat colour, pink skin, nostrils and eyelids, dropping ears, semi-curved tail and straight top line. The eyes were golden in colour and the nasal bridge was straight. The mean body weight was obtained as 24.69±0.43 and 21.42±0.47 kg for adult male and females, respectively. In bitches, age at first estrus ranged from 12-15 months with duration of estrus as 13 to 21 days after estrus bleeding. The main breeding season was from November to January and gestation length was 2 months. The age at first whelping ranged between 21-27 months with a whelping interval of 8-12 months and number of whelping in lifetime was 10 to 12. The litter size ranged from 4 to10 and age at weaning was 30-45 days. The dogs were maintained mostly on non-vegetarian food and feeding was done twice in a day, in majority of cases with milk, rice and egg. Breeders used to vaccinate the dogs regularly and deworming was also practiced. Rajapalayam dogs were mainly used for guarding of farm and farm houses. This unique canine germplasm needs to be documented and registered at National level for the benefit of the dog owners, dog breeders and Kennel clubs. The breed can be popularized through dog shows and other forms of documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinization is one of the foremost factors affecting global agricultural productivity. More than half billion hectares of agricultural land are unutilized due to excess saline condition. Hence, there is a great urge in exploring scientific interventions in restoring the saline affected areas and promote high productive and effective land utilization in order to respond to today's global concerns of food security. While a sound drainage system is required as a permanent solution to the soil salinity problem in order to regulate the water table, this option cannot be used in larger area with high energy and cost-intensity.Phytoremediation, a plant – based approach is one of the promising technology in enhanced dissolution of Ca levels along with sodium removal through cultivating suitable halophytes.During the process, the proliferation of roots, aggregate stability, hydraulic conductivity and nutrient availability increases. These improvement in soil quality enables the growth of less tolerant crops, enhances the overall ecosystem and climatic conditions by increasing carbon sequestration. In this perspective, the chapter focuses on halophytes, its kinds, the effects of salinity on soil physical, chemical, biological health, the influence of halophytes in stress management and on the function of halophytes in carbon sequestration.

The present work was performed in 26 clinical cases of cattle with traumatic pericarditis. The animals were divided into four groups. Four anaesthetic protocols were used to induce anaesthesia and perform thoracotomy. The physiological changes during thoracotomy in cattle with traumatic pericarditis under general anaesthesia with IPPV is reported. The results of the study revealed minimum effect of benzodiazepines on physiological functions in Cattle during thoracotomy under general anaesthesia in cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Enhanced recovery protocols (ERP) provide optimal perioperative care for surgical patients. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is common after colorectal surgery (CRS). We aim to compare the efficacy of aprepitant to a cost-effective alternative, perphenazine, as components of triple antiemetic prophylaxis in ERP patients. Methods Patients who underwent ERP CRS at a single institution from July 2015 to July 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Only subjects who received aprepitant (Group 1) or perphenazine (Group 2) preoperatively for PONV prophylaxis were included. Patient characteristics, simplified Apfel PONV scores, perioperative medications, and PONV incidence were compared between the groups. PONV was defined as the need for rescue antiemetics on postoperative days (POD) 0–5. Results Five hundred ninety-seven patients underwent CRS of which 498 met the inclusion criteria. Two hundred thirty-one (46.4%) received aprepitant and 267 (53.6%) received perphenazine. The incidence of early PONV (POD 0–1) was comparable between the two groups: 44.2% in Group 1 and 44.6% in Group 2 (P = 0.926). Late PONV (POD 2–5) occurred less often in Group 1 than Group 2, respectively (35.9% vs. 45.7%, P = 0.027). After matching the groups for preoperative, procedural, and anesthesia characteristics (164 pairs), no difference in early or late PONV could be demonstrated between the groups. Conclusions The incidence of PONV remains high despite most patients receiving three prophylactic antiemetic medications. Perphenazine can be considered a cost-effective alternative to oral aprepitant for prophylaxis of PONV in patients undergoing CRS within an ERP.

A thirty day old female kid affected with recto-vaginal fistula along with atresia ani was presented for reconstructive surgery. The Clinical symptoms were voiding of feces through vulva with tenesmus, atresia ani, abdominal distension and discomfort on abdominal palpation during examination. The rectovaginal fistula was isolated and transected, the vulvar and rectal defects were closed separately, and the atresia ani was corrected. The animal recovered uneventfully with normal defecation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work was carried out in 26 clinical cases of cattle with traumatic pericarditis. The animals were divided into four groups. Selection, anaesthetic preparation and position of cattle during thoracotomy in cattle with traumatic pericarditis under general anaesthesia with IPPV is reported. The results of the study revealed that body weight and age of the cattle had no influence on the anaesthetic protocol. Right lateral recumbency during anaesthesia was found convenient to perform left fifth rib resection thoracotomy in all the animals. Placing the inflated rubber tube beneath the right shoulder prevented post anaesthetic lameness of right forelimb caused by radial nerve injury due to prolonged recumbency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A goat was brought for treatment with swollen face due to thermal injury caused by hot liquid. On clinical examination it was diagnosed as second degree burn affecting approximately 10 percent of the total body surface area (TBSA). The animal was treated successfully with parental antibiotics, 1% silver sulphasalazine, fluid and supportive therapy for five days. Animal made an uneventful recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and sensitive thin-layer chromatographic method has been established for analysis of darifenacin hydrobromide in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatography on silica gel 60 F254 plates using toluene:acetone:methanol (6:3:3 v/v/v) as the mobile phase furnished compact spots at Rf 0.34 ± 0.02. Densitometric analysis was performed at 286 nm. To show the specificity of the method, darifenacin hydrobromide was subjected to acid, base, neutral hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and thermal decomposition. The drug underwent degradation only under oxidative condition; also the degraded product was well separated from pure drug with significantly different Rf value. Linear regression analysis revealed a good linear relationship between peak area and amount of darifenacin hydrobromide in the range of 50–450 ng/spot. The minimum amount of darifenacin hydrobromide that could be authentically detected and quantified was 30.36 and 90.79 ng/spot, respectively. The method was validated, in accordance with ICH guidelines for precision, accuracy, and robustness. As the method could effectively separate the drug from its degradation products, it can be regarded as stability indicating. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The present work was performed in 26 clinical cases of cattle with traumatic pericarditis. The biochemical observation on cattle with traumatic pericarditis and change in these parameters during thoracotomy in cattle under general anaesthesia with Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV)was reported. The biochemical changes in 26 cattle affected with traumatic pericarditis were described vis-à- vis the normal values from six healthy cattle selected at random. Compared to normal values decreased total protein, increased serum urea and increased AST were observed moreover changes during different anaesthetic protocol benzodiazepinesproduced minimal changeson cattle during thoracotomy under general anaesthesia in cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in 26 clinical cases of cattle with traumatic pericarditis. Four anaesthetic protocols were used to induce anaesthesia and perform thoracotomy. The cardiopulmonary changes during thoracotomy in cattle with traumatic pericarditis under general anaesthesia with IPPV is reported. The results of the study revealed limited effect of benzodiazepines on cardiovascular and pulmonary functions in Cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was conducted in 26 clinical cases of cow with traumatic pericarditis. The animals were divided into four unequal groups, four anaesthetic drugs were used to perform thoracotomy and reported. The present work was designed to study the electrocardiography in cattle with traumatic pericarditis. In electrocardiography reading the PR and QRS complex duration in all the groups were normal when compared to healthy cows. However ST interval was prolonged in all the animals with traumatic pericarditis compared to healthy animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cow was presented with excessive lacrimation, watery eyes, conjunctivitis, cloudiness, ulcerative keratitis and corneal opacity in left eye. On detailed clinical examination, eye worm (Thelazia sp.) was seen wriggling in eye with vigorous movement. Eyeworm was removed surgically under auriculo-palpebral, retro bulbar nerve blocks and topical anesthesia. Animal made an uneventful recovery without any complication after twelve post-operative days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]