29 results on '"Kim, Injeong"'
Search Results
2. Effect of intravenous palonosetron on hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia for cesarean section: A randomized controlled trial.
- Author
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Kim, Min Kyoung, Kim, Injeong, Kang, Hyun, Wi, Wongook, Park, Yong Hee, Jung, Yong Hun, Woo, Young Cheol, and Baek, Chong Wha
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- *
SPINAL anesthesia , *RANDOMIZED controlled trials , *CESAREAN section , *POSTOPERATIVE nausea & vomiting , *HYPOTENSION , *ONDANSETRON - Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of intravenous palonosetron compared to ondansetron on hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia in women undergoing cesarean section. Methods: Fifty-four women scheduled for elective cesarean section were, randomly allocated to ondansetron group (n = 27) or palonosetron group (n = 27). Ten minutes prior to the administration of spinal anesthesia, participants received an intravenous injection of either ondansetron or palonosetron. A prophylactic phenylephrine infusion was initiated immediately following the intrathecal administration of bupivacaine and fentanyl. The infusion rate was titrated to maintain adequate blood pressure until the time of fetal delivery. The primary outcome was total dose of phenylephrine administered. The secondary outcomes were nausea or vomiting, the need for rescue antiemetics, hypotension, bradycardia, and shivering. Complete response rate, defined as the absence of postoperative nausea and vomiting and no need for additional antiemetics, were assessed for up to 24 hours post-surgery. Results: No significant differences were observed in the total dose of phenylephrine used between the ondansetron and palonosetron groups (387.5 μg [interquartile range, 291.3–507.8 μg versus 428.0 μg [interquartile range, 305.0–507.0 μg], P = 0.42). Complete response rates also showed no significant differences between the groups both within two hours post-spinal anesthesia (88.9% in the ondansetron group versus 100% in the palonosetron group; P = 0.24) and at 24 hours post-surgery (81.5% in the ondansetron group versus 88.8% in the palonosetron group; P = 0.7). In addition, there was no difference in other secondary outcomes. Conclusion: Prophylactic administration of palonosetron did not demonstrate a superior effect over ondansetron in mitigating hemodynamic changes or reducing phenylephrine requirements in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl for cesarean section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Application of various cytotoxic endpoints for the toxicity prioritization of fine dust (PM2.5) sources using a multi-criteria decision-making approach
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Kim, Injeong, Park, Kihong, Lee, KwangYul, Park, Minhan, Lim, Heungbin, Shin, Hanjae, and Kim, Sang Don
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
4. Prediction of Cd toxicity to Daphnia magna in the mixture of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and kaolinite
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Lee, Suyeon, Kim, Junyub, Kim, Injeong, Jang, Minhee, Hwang, Yusik, and Kim, Sang Don
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- 2019
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5. Determination of toxic organic pollutants in fine particulate matter using selective pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
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Kim, Injeong, Lee, Sunhong, and Kim, Sang Don
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- 2019
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6. Cytotoxicity induced by the mixture components of nickel and poly aromatic hydrocarbons
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Kim, Injeong, Lee, Yeseul, and Kim, Sang Don
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- 2019
- Full Text
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7. Differential toxicities of fine particulate matters from various sources
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Park, Minhan, Joo, Hung Soo, Lee, Kwangyul, Jang, Myoseon, Kim, Sang Don, Kim, Injeong, Borlaza, Lucille Joanna S., Lim, Heungbin, Shin, Hanjae, Chung, Kyu Hyuck, Choi, Yoon-Hyeong, Park, Sun Gu, Bae, Min-Suk, Lee, Jiyi, Song, Hangyul, and Park, Kihong
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Combined toxic effect of airborne heavy metals on human lung cell line A549
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Choi, Yeowool, Park, Kihong, Kim, Injeong, and Kim, Sang D.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Ecological assessment of coal mine and metal mine drainage in South Korea using Daphnia magna bioassay
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Lee, Sang-Ho, Kim, Injeong, Kim, Kyoung-Woong, and Lee, Byung-Tae
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- 2015
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10. Composite strategy for improving fire-retardancy of furfurylated wood
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Lin, Chia-Feng, Kim, Injeong, Karlsson, Olov, Jones, Dennis, and Sandberg, Dick
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furfural alcohol ,Trävetenskap ,composite ,Wood Science ,polymerisation - Abstract
Furfurylated wood has been used widely for exterior purposes due to its superior dimensional stability and biological durability, though its fire resistance is not enhanced. Here, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) sapwood was impregnated with a hygroscopic fire-retardant guanyl-urea phosphate (GUP) and furfuryl alcohol (FA) by a vacuum-pressure impregnation followed by curing in elevated temperature. The water-resistance of such treated material was evaluated according to European standard EN 84. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) revealed the penetration of GUP into the cell wall. The hydrophobic FA polymerised in-situ within the wood structure, and this enhanced the water-resistance of GUP. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the chemical functionalities changed such as formation of methylene bridges attributed to the polymerised FA and ketone groups attributed to GUP. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that GUP enhanced thermal stability at elevated temperature by promoting char formation. Fire stability test examined by limiting oxygen index (LOI) showed the improvement of fire-retardancy by the incorporation of GUP. Mechanical properties examined by Brinell hardness and three-point bending test indicated that GUP has a low impact on the properties of surface hardness, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the furfurylated wood. The work suggests that GUP/FA treatment has the prospective to impart substantial fire-retardancy to the furfurylated wood with small reduction in other properties, thus increasing the potential for exterior applications.
- Published
- 2022
11. Recent advances in wood modification through the use of maleic anhydride and sodium hypophosphite
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Kim, Injeong, Karlsson, Olov, Thybring, Emil Engelund, Sandberg, Dick, and Jones, Dennis
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characterisation ,maleic anhydride ,esterification ,Trävetenskap ,low field nuclear magnetic resonance ,dimensional stability ,Wood Science ,cross-linking - Abstract
Maleic anhydride (MA) is a cyclic anhydride capable of forming an ester bond with wood constituents, providing enhanced dimensional stability and fungal resistance of wood. However, the weight gain through treatment was lost during wet-dry cycle, which indicates that the ester bonds in maleated wood is susceptible to hydrolysis. This study focuses on improving the stability of the maleated product through the use of sodium hypophosphite. Studies have shown the combined treatment resulted in improved anti-swelling efficiency (ASE), lower weight loss and smaller saturated volumes than untreated or specimens treated with maleic anhydride along. In order to better understand the relationship between the modified wood and water, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) spectroscopy was used to determine the influence of moisture in wood. The modification process resulted in a weak wood–water interaction using LFNMR, suggesting an increased T2 relaxation time of capillary water. However, the weak wood–water interaction did not seem to be related to the accessible hydroxyl groups because the modification reaction resulted in a similar number of hydroxyl groups as present in unmodified wood. This finding would appear to agree with the concept of MA modification resulting in the “ring opening” of the anhydride, creating a carboxylic acid group for each hydroxyl group modified within the wood. Funder: Northern European network for wood science and engineering (WSE); Advanced research supporting the forestry and wood-processing sector’s adaptation to global change and the 4th industrial revolution, OP RDE, (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803)
- Published
- 2022
12. Fire Retardancy and Leaching Resistance of Furfurylated Pine Wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) Treated with Guanyl-Urea Phosphate
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Lin, Chia-Feng, Karlsson, Olov, Kim, Injeong, Myronycheva, Olena, Mensah, Rhoda Afriyie, Försth, Michael, Das, Oisik, Mantanis, George I., Jones, Dennis, and Sandberg, Dick
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poly(furfuryl alcohol) ,Trävetenskap ,Pappers-, massa- och fiberteknik ,Wood Science ,wood modification ,Paper, Pulp and Fiber Technology ,fire-retardant ,exterior wood - Abstract
Guanyl-urea phosphate (GUP) was introduced into furfurylated wood in order to improve fire retardancy. Modified wood was produced via vacuum-pressure impregnation of the GUP–furfuryl alcohol (FA) aqueous solution, which was then polymerized at elevated temperature. The water leaching resistance of the treated wood was tested according to European standard EN 84, while the leached water was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and inductively coupled plasma–sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). This new type of furfurylated wood was further characterized in the laboratory by evaluating its morphology and elemental composition using optical microscopy and electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX). The chemical functionality was detected using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the fire resistance was tested using cone calorimetry. The dimensional stability was evaluated in wet–dry soaking cycle tests, along with the mechanical properties, such as the Brinell hardness and bending strength. The fire retardancy of the modified furfurylated wood indicated that the flammability of wood can be depressed to some extent by introducing GUP. This was reflected in an observed reduction in heat release rate (HRR2) from 454.8 to 264.9 kW/m2, without a reduction in the material properties. In addition, this leaching-resistant furfurylated wood exhibited higher fire retardancy compared to conventional furfurylated wood. A potential method for producing fire-retardant treated furfurylated wood stable to water exposure has been suggested. Validerad;2022;Nivå 2;2022-05-02 (hanlid);Funder: CT WOOD, Luleå University of Technology; European Structural and Investment Fund, OP RDE (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000803);Part of special issue: Performance and Application of Novel Biocomposites II Advanced Research Supporting the Forestry and Wood Processing Sector’s Adaptation to Global Change and the 4th Industrial Revolution
- Published
- 2022
13. Wood Densification by Sodium Hypophosphite Impregnation and Mechanical Compression
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Scharf, Alexander, Kim, Injeong, Sandberg, Dick, and Neyses, Benedikt
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Trävetenskap ,Wood Science - Abstract
ISBN för värdpublikationen: 978-609-02-1762-7
- Published
- 2021
14. Wood Modification with maleic anhydride and sodium hypophosphite
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Kim, Injeong, Karlsson, Olov, Jones, Dennis, and Sandberg, Dick
- Subjects
Trävetenskap ,Wood Science - Abstract
ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-952-94-4383-3
- Published
- 2021
15. Spectroscopic characterisation of wood treated by different coatings after weathering in subarctic conditions
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Myronycheva, Olena, Sekan, Alona, Kim, Injeong, Karlsson, Olov, Jacobsson, Peter, Sehlstedt-Persson, Margot, and Sandberg, Dick
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spectroscopy ,treatment ,natural weathering ,infrared ,Trävetenskap ,Wood Science ,near-infrared ,wood - Abstract
Weathering of wood is a complex natural phenomenon that is influenced by factors both in macro and micro-scale. The degradation by weathering constitutes of complex physical-chemical changes influenced by environmental factors such as moisture, sunlight, temperature, chemical compounds, wind, and biological organisms and their related agents. The aim of our study was the evaluation of MIR and NIR spectroscopic technique for characterisation of wood treated by commercial coatings contained different biocidal treatments after weathering in subarctic conditions. Tangential and radial surfaces of the Scots pine and Norway spruce were treated with coatings containing various biocides. Treatment was in the form of fairly transparent wood oil (T), while the two others were coatings that had more of a non-transparent character (H and P). Treatedspecimens and control were placed in various directions on racks outdoor for natural weathering. The measurement of the NIR spectra of specimens that were not exposed, after weathering and dried after weathering, was done by the point-based microNIR portable sensor. Multivariate statistical analysis (MSA) showed that data from types of exposure contributed to less compared to surface treatments in the 3D principal component analysis model (PCA). Grouping pattern around treatments H and P could be obtained as the two individual groups more or less fully separated. From the treatment T and non-treated specimens, no individual grouping behaviour could be observed, however, more intense exposed seemed to be clustered in a different way than mildly exposed ones. A more extensive weather exposure gave also a more degraded surface for T-treated specimens. The NIR portable spectrometer may be used for assessment of the extent of weathering, but the treatment P followed by treatment H had minimal changes. Coefficients Plot in the PLSDA model for different types of exposure for those treatments showed the influence of the NIRwavelengths in classes related to exposure type. The changes caused by weathering phenomenon was evaluated by using multivariate methods in which resulting multivariate model parameters for prediction of the changes were determined. Analysis of the chemical structure of coatings after weathering analysed by mid-infrared spectroscopy gave support to the lower stability of T-treatmentduring weathering. ISBN för värdpublikation: 978-1-7340485-0-6
- Published
- 2020
16. Investigations into the use of Maleic Anhydride/Sodium Hypophosphite as a Wood Modification Process
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Kim, Injeong, Jones, Dennis, Karlsson, Olov, Sandberg, Dick, Antzutkin, Oleg N., and Shah, Faiz Ullah
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Fysikalisk kemi ,modification ,maleic anhydride ,Annan maskinteknik ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Scots pine ,Other Mechanical Engineering ,Physical Chemistry ,sodium hypophosphite - Abstract
The formation of crosslinked bonds between wood constituents is believed to be an effective way to stabilize wood against wet conditions. The possibility to use maleic anhydride (MA) combined with sodium hypophosphite (SHP) as crosslinking agents was studied, using Scots pine sapwood and a model compound. The modified wood showed weight gain and bulking effect after treatment and subsequent Soxhlet extractions, which indicated penetration into the wood cell wall and reaction of the chemicals with the wood constituents. The FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of an ester bond between the wood and MA. Furthermore, a decrease of intensity of band at 1635 cm-1 indicated a reduction of the double bond between carbons in MA after further treatment with SHP, especially at 170 ̊C. Such reactions were studied using monomethyl maleate (MMM) and SHP. The 13C NMR spectra of the reaction product confirmed a reduction of the double bond between carbons. This paper outlines studies undertaken to date, along with outlining aims of ongoing and future work.
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- 2020
17. The Influence of Four Commercial Wood-surface Treatments on Mould-fungi Growth in a Pure Culture
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Myronycheva, Olena, Kim, Injeong, Jacobsson, Peter, Karlsson, Olov, Sehlstedt-Persson, Margot, and Sandberg, Dick
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mould ,Trävetenskap ,biocide ,surface treatment ,fungi ,Wood Science ,wood - Abstract
The increased concern regarding mould on wood-based building materials has raised a demand for sustainable biocidal treatments to protect early contamination during the construction stage of timber buildings. By providing surface protection for all type of wood-based construction elements already at the construction site will reduce the mould-associated risk for not only the construction elements but also for the indoor climate and dwellers at the use-stage of the building. The purpose was to test the protective effect of commercial water-based treatments containing different biocides on single mould fungi growth in pure culture. Small specimens of Scots pine sapwood and heartwood, and Norway spruce were treated with four treatments, and a fungal test performed in 90 mm Petri plates. Two samples (treated and untreated control) placed on the plate with a distance between each other, and between, a fungal inoculum placed. Five pure cultures of fungi species used in the study: Aureobasidium sp., Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp. The specimens exposed at the temperature of 24°C and relative humidity of 90%. The treatments contained biocides, i.e.: treatment 1: tetramethylol acetylenediurea and iodopropynyl butyl carbamate (IPBC), treatment 2: mixture of several biocides (IPBC, benzisothiazolinone (BIT), methylisothiazolinone (MIT) and 5-chloro-2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one (CMIT)/MIT mixture), treatment 3: IPBC; and treatment 4: mixture of propiconazole and IPBC. The fungal growth observed in the untreated samples after four days of incubation, the specimens with treatment 4 attacked after eight days, when treatment 1 and 3 had free from fungal mycelia inhibition zone after 22 days of incubation. The moisture content after the test was similar for treated samples in plates with Aureobasidium sp., Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium sp., but was significantly higher for Trichoderma sp. The type of wood did not influence fungal growth in comparison to the type of treatment.
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- 2020
18. Maleic anhydride and sodium hypophosphite as a potential wood modification system
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Kim, Injeong, Karlsson, Olov, Jones, Dennis, and Sandberg, Dick
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Annan maskinteknik ,Other Mechanical Engineering - Published
- 2019
19. Leach-resistant fire-retardant treated furfurylated wood by incorporating guanyl-urea phosphate.
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Lin, Chia-feng, Kim, Injeong, Mantanis, George I., Karlsson, Olov, Jones, Dennis, and Sandberg, Dick
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FIREPROOFING agents ,THERMOGRAVIMETRY ,FURFURYL alcohol ,WOOD preservatives ,PHOSPHATES ,THERMAL properties - Abstract
Furfurylated wood has been used widely for exterior purposes due to its superior dimensional stability and biological durability, though its fire resistance is not enhanced. Here, the introduction of the fire-retardant additive guanyl-urea phosphate (GUP) into furfurylated wood is reported. The treatment improved both the thermal and fire stabilities of the modified wood, as supported by the results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and limiting oxygen index (LOI) before and after accelerated ageing testing (according to EN 84) to determine the water resistance of the treatment. The results indicated that the hydroscopic GUP remained within the wood structure and provided superior thermal and fire properties. The work suggests the idea of combining GUP and furfuryl alcohol (FA), which has the prospective to impart substantial fire-retardancy to the furfurylated wood, thus increasing the potential for exterior applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Combined toxic effect of airborne heavy metals on human lung cell line A549.
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Choi, Yeowool, Park, Kihong, Kim, Injeong, and Kim, Sang D.
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HEAVY metals ,CELL lines ,CELL proliferation ,ARSENIC ,CELL-mediated cytotoxicity - Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that heavy metals existing as a mixture in the atmospheric environment cause adverse effects on human health and are important key factors of cytotoxicity; however, little investigation has been conducted on a toxicological study of a metal mixture from atmospheric fine particulate matter. The objective of this study was to predict the combined effects of heavy metals in aerosol by using in vitro human cells and obtain a suitable mixture toxicity model. Arsenic, nickel, and lead were selected for mixtures exposed to A549 human lung cancer cells. Cell proliferation (WST-1), glutathione (GSH), and interleukin (IL)-8 inhibition were observed and applied to the prediction models of mixture toxicity, concentration addition (CA) and independent action (IA). The total mixture concentrations were set by an IC
10 -fixed ratio of individual toxicity to be more realistic for mortality and enzyme inhibition tests. The results showed that the IA model was statistically closer to the observed results than the CA model in mortality, indicating dissimilar modes of action. For the GSH inhibition, the results predicted by the IA and CA models were highly overestimated relative to mortality. Meanwhile, the IL-8 results were stable with no significant change in immune reaction related to inflammation. In conclusion, the IA model is a rapid prediction model in heavy metals mixtures; mortality, as a total outcome of cell response, is a good tool for demonstrating the combined toxicity rather than other biochemical responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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21. Citrate coated silver nanoparticles change heavy metal toxicities and bioaccumulation of Daphnia magna.
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Kim, Injeong, Lee, Byung-Tae, Kim, Hyun-A, Kim, Kyoung-Woong, Kim, Sang Don, and Hwang, Yu-Sik
- Subjects
- *
DAPHNIA magna , *SILVER nanoparticles , *HEAVY metal toxicology , *BIOACCUMULATION , *ACUTE toxicity testing - Abstract
Citrate-coated AgNPs (c-AgNPs) have negatively charged surfaces and their surface interactions with heavy metals can affect metal toxicity in aquatic environments. This study used Daphnia magna to compare the acute toxicities and bioaccumulation of As(V), Cd, and Cu when they interact with c-AgNPs. The 24-h acute toxicities of As(V) and Cu were not affected by the addition of c-AgNPs, while bioaccumulation significantly decreased in the presence of c-AgNPs. In contrast, both the 24-h acute toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd increased in the presence of c-AgNPs. These toxicity and bioaccumulation trends can be attributed to the interactions between the AgNP surface and the heavy metals. As(V) and c-AgNPs compete by negative charge, decreasing As(V) toxicity. Copper adheres readily to c-AgNP citrate, decreasing Cu bioavailability, and thus reducing Cu toxicity and bioaccumulation. Citrate complexes with divalent cations such as Ca and Mg reduce the competition between divalent cations and Cd on biotic ligand, increasing toxicity and bioaccumulation of Cd. This study shows that surface properties determine the effect of c-AgNPs on heavy metal toxicities and bioaccumulations; hence, further studies on the effect of nanoparticle by it surface properties are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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22. Characterisation of Moisture in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Sapwood Modified with Maleic Anhydride and Sodium Hypophosphite.
- Author
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Kim, Injeong, Thybring, Emil Engelund, Karlsson, Olov, Jones, Dennis, Mantanis, George I., and Sandberg, Dick
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SCOTS pine ,MALEIC anhydride ,MOISTURE ,SAPWOOD ,NUCLEAR magnetic resonance ,SODIUM ,MAGNETIC fields - Abstract
In this study, the wood–water interactions in Scots pine sapwood modified with maleic anhydride (MA) and sodium hypophosphite (SHP) was studied in the water-saturated state. The water in wood was studied with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (LFNMR) and the hydrophilicity of cell walls was studied by infrared spectroscopy after deuteration using liquid D
2 O. The results of LFNMR showed that the spin–spin relaxation (T2 ) time of cell wall water decreased by modification, while T2 of capillary water increased. Furthermore, the moisture content and the amount of water in cell walls of modified wood were lower than for unmodified samples at the water-saturated state. Although the amount of accessible hydroxyl groups in modified wood did not show any significant difference compared with unmodified wood, the increase in T2 of capillary water indicates a decreased affinity of the wood cell wall to water. However, for the cell wall water, the physical confinement within the cell walls seemed to overrule the weaker wood–water interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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23. A 0.028% THD+N, 91% power-efficiency, 3-level PWM Class-D amplifier with a true differential front-end.
- Author
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Kwon, Sunwoo, Kim, Injeong, Yi, Shinyoung, Kang, Sangheyub, Lee, Sangheon, Hwang, Taeho, Moon, Byoungkwon, Choi, Yunyoung, Sung, Hosung, and Koh, Jinseok
- Abstract
A Class-D amplifier (CDA) is best suitable for audio mobile applications due to its high-power efficiency, thus enabling to remove a bulky heat sink. A traditional Class-D amplifier uses a 2-level output switching scheme. There typically exist an external LC filter and a bulky capacitor to block a DC average current and to protect the speaker from the current, which increases the bill of materials. As a remedy, a 3-level switching scheme allows to eliminate the filters, hence helping to reduce the system cost. Moreover, the 3-level switching scheme provides additional benefits of less electromagnetic interference and better power efficiency. The 3-level approach prevails with the help of various modulation techniques such as a pulse-width modulation (PWM) [1,2], a sliding-mode control [3], and a uniform PWM [4] method. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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24. Coupling of the AQUATOX and EFDC Models for Ecological Impact Assessment of Chemical Spill Scenarios in the Jeonju River, Korea.
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Yeom, Jaehoon, Kim, Injeong, Kim, Minjeong, Cho, Kyunghwa, and Kim, Sang Don
- Subjects
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ECOLOGICAL impact , *CHEMICAL spills , *ECOLOGICAL assessment , *ECOLOGICAL models , *TOP predators , *CHEMICAL shift (Nuclear magnetic resonance) - Abstract
Simple Summary: This study proposed a methodology to simulate ecological damage in a toluene spill situation by coupling AQUATOX, an established ecological assessment model, and EFDC, a Lagrangian fluid diffusion model. TheAQUATOX-EFDC simulation showed a significant ecological impact, especially the greatest damage on the fish species group, the top predators. In this study, an ecological impact was assessed for the short-term leak scenario through the AQUATOX-EFDC model, which combines the proven ecological model AQUATOX with the hydrodynamic model EFDC. A case study of the coupled AQUATOX-EFDC model was conducted for 30–30,000 kg toluene leak scenarios in the Jeonju River in South Korea. A 21-day scenario simulation was conducted, and the impact of the toluene spill accident was evaluated by comparing the biomass between the control simulation and the perturbed simulation. As a result of the simulation, it was found that in the scenario in which 3000 kg of toluene was leaked for a day, a substantial change was expected in the range of 0–640 m from the accident site. Additionally, for a 30,000 kg leak, a substantial change was expected in the range of 0–2300 m from the accident site, and the greatest damage was observed for the fish species group, the top predators. As a result, the AQUATOX-EFDC simulation showed a significant ecological impact, and the proposed model will be helpful to understand the ecological impact and establish the management strategy for the ecological risk of the chemical spill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Application of a Solid Ceramic Membrane for Monitoring Volatile Organic Compounds in Industrial Wastewater.
- Author
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Kim, Injeong, Yoon, Jinseul, and Kim, Sang Don
- Subjects
- *
VOLATILE organic compounds , *INDUSTRIAL wastes , *HENRY'S law , *CHEMICAL spills , *PETROLEUM chemical plants - Abstract
A large quantity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can be released into water environments from oil spills and chemical exposure accidents. A recently developed solid ceramic dosimeter (SCD) could be used for long-term measuring of low VOCs concentrations in water. However, calibration and field testing of these SCDs have thus been far insufficient to apply for VOCs monitoring in a water environment in a chemical industrial area. We conducted laboratory calibration experiments and stability tests of the SCD. The mass accumulation of 14 target VOCs from 2 to 100 μg/L was increased linearly with time in the sampler. The absorption rate of the VOCs was related to Henry's law constant. The average diffusion coefficient of the 14 VOCs in the SCD wall was 1.02 × 10−9 m2/s. The SCD was utilized in a petrochemical plant complex in South Korea with an industrial wastewater reservoir. After a total of 7 days of deployment, chloroform, ethylbenzene, and toluene were detected by both passive sampling and grab sampling at the same VOC concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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26. Characteristics and health effects of PM2.5 emissions from various sources in Gwangju, South Korea.
- Author
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Kim, Injeong, Lee, Kwangyul, Lee, Sunhong, and Kim, Sang Don
- Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the toxicity of fine dust particles (PM 2.5) is linked to specific components rather than their mass. However, research on the chemical composition and health risk of PM 2.5 is insufficient. This study analyzed the metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) present in PM 2.5 and evaluated their risk to health during outdoor activities. The concentration of metals was one order of magnitude higher than that of PAHs and the concentration and detection frequency of OCPs and PCBs were considerably lower than those of metals and PAHs. The lifetime excess cancer risk (LECR) for carcinogens in PM 2.5 exceeded de minimis risk (1 × 10−6) as 1.33–3.44 × 10−6 (at 5th–95th percentile) as Cr(VI), As, and Cd showed high contributions. Children in the 2 < years <18 age group had a high risk of cancer due to early-life susceptibility. The proportion of ∑Metals to LECR was approximately 95%, while ∑PAHs attributed to 5% of total LECR. The effects of ∑OCPs and 2,3′,4,4′,5′-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-123) on LECR were negligible. The hazard quotient (HQ) for non-carcinogens was <1, and non-carcinogenic effects were not expected. Mn, BaP, Pb, As, and Cd were the key determinants of the HQ values and among the identified PM 2.5 sources they are closely related to industrial activities, oil combustion, and gasoline exhaust. Therefore, control strategies for these sources can effectively reduce PM 2.5 risk. This study measured the concentrations of toxic compounds in ambient PM 2.5 and considered only PM 2.5 exposure during outdoor activities. PM 2.5 health risk during the entire day would be higher than the PM 2.5 risk determined in this study, and further research is required for this evaluating this risk. Unlabelled Image • LECR was 1.33–3.44 × 10−6 (5th–95th percentile); this cannot be ignored. • Non-carcinogenic effects are not expected by acute exposure of PM2.5 (HQ < 1). • The major contributors to PM 2.5 risk were As, Cr(VI), Cd, Mn, BaP, and Pb. • Related sources were industrial activities, combustion of oil, and vehicle exhaust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Assessment of Environmental Impacts on Health: Examples from the Pacific Basin.
- Author
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Jagals P, Kim I, Brereton C, and Lau CL
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Bayes Theorem, Public Health, Risk Assessment methods, Environment, Environmental Health
- Abstract
Assessing environmental impacts on health in the Pacific Basin is challenged by significantly varying data types - quantities, qualities, and paucities - because of varying geographic sizes, environments, biodiversity, ecological assets, and human population densities, with highly varied and unequal socio-economic development and capacity to respond to environmental and health challenges. We discuss three case-based methodological examples from Pacific Basin environmental health impact assessments. These methods could be used to improve environmental health evidence at all country and regional levels across a spectrum of big data availability to no data. These methods are, 1) a risk assessment of airborne particulate matter in Korea based on the chemical composition of these particulates; 2) the use of system dynamics to appraise the influences of a range of environmental health determinants on child health outcomes in remote Solomon Islands; and 3) precision environmental public health methodologies based on comprehensive data collection, analyses, and modelling (including Bayesian belief networks and spatial epidemiology) increasing precision for good environmental health decision making to prevent and control a zoonotic disease in Fiji Islands. We show that while a common theme across the three examples is the value of high quality and quantity data to support stronger policy decisions and appropriate prioritizing of investment, it is also clear that for many countries in the Pacific Basin, sufficient data will remain a challenge to inform decision makers about environmental impact on health., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Fire Retardancy and Leaching Resistance of Furfurylated Pine Wood ( Pinus sylvestris L.) Treated with Guanyl-Urea Phosphate.
- Author
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Lin CF, Karlsson O, Kim I, Myronycheva O, Mensah RA, Försth M, Das O, Mantanis GI, Jones D, and Sandberg D
- Abstract
Guanyl-urea phosphate (GUP) was introduced into furfurylated wood in order to improve fire retardancy. Modified wood was produced via vacuum-pressure impregnation of the GUP-furfuryl alcohol (FA) aqueous solution, which was then polymerized at elevated temperature. The water leaching resistance of the treated wood was tested according to European standard EN 84, while the leached water was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometry (ICP-SFMS). This new type of furfurylated wood was further characterized in the laboratory by evaluating its morphology and elemental composition using optical microscopy and electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDX). The chemical functionality was detected using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the fire resistance was tested using cone calorimetry. The dimensional stability was evaluated in wet-dry soaking cycle tests, along with the mechanical properties, such as the Brinell hardness and bending strength. The fire retardancy of the modified furfurylated wood indicated that the flammability of wood can be depressed to some extent by introducing GUP. This was reflected in an observed reduction in heat release rate (HRR
2 ) from 454.8 to 264.9 kW/m2 , without a reduction in the material properties. In addition, this leaching-resistant furfurylated wood exhibited higher fire retardancy compared to conventional furfurylated wood. A potential method for producing fire-retardant treated furfurylated wood stable to water exposure has been suggested.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Sorption and toxicity reduction of pharmaceutically active compounds and endocrine disrupting chemicals in the presence of colloidal humic acid.
- Author
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Kim I, Kim HD, Jeong TY, and Kim SD
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents chemistry, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Biological Assay, Endocrine Disruptors toxicity, Filtration, Phenols chemistry, Phenols toxicity, Endocrine Disruptors chemistry, Endocrine Disruptors pharmacokinetics, Humic Substances analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry
- Abstract
This study investigated the toxicity changes and sorption of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupters in the presence of humic acid (HA). For the sorption experiment, a dead end filtration (DEF) system was used to separate bound and free-form target compounds. An algae growth inhibition test and E-screen assay were conducted to estimate the toxic effect of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), respectively. The permeate concentration was confirmed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the sorption test, we observed significant sorption of PhACs and EDCs on colloidal HA, except for sulfamethoxazole (SMX). The values of log KCOC derived from DEF determinations ranged from 4.40 to 5.03. The removal efficiency varied with the HA concentration and the target chemical properties. Tetracycline and 4-octylphenol showed the highest sorption or removal efficiency (≈50%), even at 5 mg C/L HA. The algal growth inhibition of PhACs and the estrogenic effects of EDCs were significantly decreased in proportion to HA concentrations, except for SMX. In addition, the chemical analysis results showed a positive relationship with the bioassay results. Consequently, the sorption of PhACs and EDCs onto colloidal HA should be emphasized in natural environments because it significantly reduces bioavailable concentrations and toxicity to aquatic organisms.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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