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This article examines three films made during the 1950s by Elwyn James Anthony at the psychotic clinic for children at the Maudsley Hospital that marked an important transition in the purpose and practice of visual documentation in a clinical setting: film as a research tool was transitioning from the recording of external signs as indicators of internal subjective states, to the capture of the visual flow of communication between subjects. It is a shift that had a particular impact on the emergent classification of autism, a modality not yet properly separated from the broader term of psychosis, as a non-relational condition whose visual capture demonstrated a void of inter-human communicational exchange. Film was significant not only as a recording apparatus, but as a method of cutting and crafting sequences of movements into brief repetitive motifs. The filmed behaviour of children remained opaque to interpretation, a 'finding' that facilitated the modelling of an emergent autism as subjects who were isolated, alienated and automaton-like, inhabiting a separate temporality. The article situates this 'second', affectless autism, within a broader context of post-war research into gestures as a language of the body, developed largely through an intellectual network of German émigré psychoanalysts who had fled to the US and UK in the 1930s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Video data offer important insights into social processes because they enable direct observation of real-life social interaction. Though such data have become abundant and increasingly accessible, they pose challenges to scalability and measurement. Computer vision (CV), i.e., software-based automated analysis of visual material, can help address these challenges, but existing CV tools are not sufficiently tailored to analyze social interactions. We describe our novel approach, "3D social research" (3DSR), which uses CV and 3D camera footage to study kinesics and proxemics, two core elements of social interaction. Using eight videos of a scripted interaction and five real-life street scene videos, we demonstrate how 3DSR expands sociologists' analytical toolkit by facilitating a range of scalable and precise measurements. We specifically emphasize 3DSR's potential for analyzing physical distance, movement in space, and movement rate – important aspects of kinesics and proxemics in interactions. We also assess data reliability when using 3DSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-verbal semiotics is one of the leading areas of modern communication research. The study is devoted to the topical interdisciplinary issue - the relationship between non-verbal semiotics and Russian grammar. The aim of the research is to characterize the representation of the temporal forms of the Russian verb in describing the kinesic behaviour of literary characters. The elements of nonverbal semiotics were analysed in the stories by A.P. Chekhov “Death of an Official”, “Chameleon”, “Thick and Thin”, “Horse Name”, “Surgery”. The following methods were used as the main ones: descriptive, semantic explication, differential, analytical. The methodological foundations of kinesics as an integrative science were considered, the correlation between the verbal realization of kinema and the temporal forms of the Russian verb was revealed. It has been proved that the most recurrent manifestations of non-verbal semiotics in Chekhov's stories are communicative emblems (in particular, etiquette and ritual), symptomatic emblems and dynamic descriptors, nominated with the help of aspect and tense forms of the Russian verb. Emblems-illustrators are quantitatively less represented in the analyzed stories. They are prospective for further research on the example of Russian literary classics.

This article considers how computer vision can be enlisted for biomedical applications, specifically the measurement, data analytics and treatment of psychiatric disorders. Often, youngsters are too afraid or embarrassed to disclose their emotional and mental problems to human therapists. An AI system can be utilized not only to collect data in a non-threatening ongoing manner and record patient's temporal psychophysiological state but also to analyze and output the periodic results, it may be an efficient and effective means for therapists to plan treatments. We report on various tools for analyzing social kinesic signals for emotional and physiological states. Only one, AVATAR (and its predecessor SPECIES), both records a patient's state and also outputs an analysis that flags problem areas for therapists. In this way, automated tools can augment human observation and judgment.

This study examined the semiotic resources of the October 2020 #ENDSARS protests in Nigeria, manifesting the affordances operational in the protests. The investigation beckoned on 13 different communicative semiotic configurations, employing Halliday's grammatical group rank, to delineate the structures. This paved the way for tables and graphs to account for the written modes' recurrent components. Kinesics such as proxemics, gestures, and gaze supported the analysis, providing relevant semantic implications to non-verbal elements and body language of protesters. This investigation indicated that #ENDSARS hashtag, functioned in variegated forms, as the initiator of the protest, socializing people even without notable leaders. The texts illustrated the suffering of the people from SARS operatives' gun-punch coercion, as exemplified in a boy-like image's head, and the cry of agony illuminated through a gestural movement of mouths and hands. Parallel to that is the metaphorical castigation of an innocent young man, manifested through chained hands. Significantly, the research revealed the collective unanimity of the protesters, demonstrated through clenched fists, epitomizing camaraderie of purpose. The protesters made their call to abrogate SARS operations pleasurably-funny in the appearance of a clown and a sacrificial lamb. Given that the idea of social justice is non-negotiable. Demanding a just course should not lead to brutality; the government should rather respond to the request of protesters to fulfill promises made during electioneering campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinesics is a paralinguistic feature that helps convey a message quickly, especially in a TESOL environment. Kinesics is one of the main features of paralinguistics, which comprises various nonverbal fundamental elements. In this study, researchers collected the data regarding the effectiveness of kinesics for ESOL learners using a questionnaire with a sample of 385 instructors and learners from Saudi Arabian universities. Two hypotheses were tested: integrated kinesics significantly impacts learner-oriented proximity, and integrated kinesics features have a substantial effect on instructor-oriented proximity. SPSS was used to scrutinize the collected data. Regression analysis and descriptive statistic methods were used to check the frequency and reliability of the data and the variation of the results. The study’s findings indicate a significant impact of integrated kinesics features on learner-oriented proximity and instructororiented proximity. Using kinesics features in TESOL is very effective. It is concluded that kinesics is an inseparable part of the lecture room’s learning and teaching process. It is an integral part of teaching ESOL that should not be neglected.

Abstact. There is a lot of evidence that most people are capable of recognizing emotions by facial expressions. What information does a facial expression usually provide? Can emotions be shown without facial expressions? Can there be facial expressions without a corresponding emotional state? Are there individual facial expressions? The studies of various aspects of non-verbal communication show both similarities and differences in non-verbal behavior. It is argued that similarities are most evident at the individual level, when the focus is on the objective, formal features of behavior, while differences are more likely to be found when the analysis focuses on the relationship between individuals and interpersonal meanings of behavior. Despite the rapid expansion of research on non-verbal communication, most of it describes simple differences in the display of non-verbal signals. Although they differ in almost every other respect, most facial measurement methods focus on what is seen, on what the researcher can identify when seeing some facial movements. Most of the research methods applied are not sufficient for the study of this complex, multidimensional issue. Like all basic studies of communicative processes, proxemics is more about how than why, and more about structure than content. The article focuses on the question whether non-verbal behavior reflects cultural similarities or differences, and whether different levels of analysis allow to observe both cultural homogeneity and diversity inherent in most acts of non-verbal behavior. The authors consider the data of laboratory experiments on the relationship between emotions and adults’ facial expressions: some studies confirm the high consistency between fun and smiling, and from the low to moderate consistency between other positive emotions and smiling. The available evidence on surprise and disgust suggests that these emotions are accompanied by their ‘traditional’ facial expressions or even some components of such expressions only in a minority of cases. The American anthropologist, one of the founders of kinesics, Birdwhistell introduced this term for the complex study of facial expressions, poses, gait, and visible movements of arms and body. Birdwhistell argues that body language is determined by cultural environment rather than universal genetic programs. Birdwhistell defines kinesics as “the study of body-motion as related to the nonverbal aspects of interpersonal communication”. He argues that communication with body motion is systemic, socially learned and communicative unless proven otherwise. The article considers in detail the works and theories of Birdwhistell who often had to admit that some of his ideas were controversial. The authors conclude that Birdwhistell’s works have serious mistakes, and other researchers failed to develop his theory of kinesics. Thus, the authors consider the research in this field focusing on the so-called recognition of the communicative meanings of facial expressions.

In the modern era, information power is the most potent form of power. Having access to the latest information gives one the ability to manipulate and influence. Those in the media and manufacturing the discourse use it as an effective tool for shaping public opinion. Investigative journalists conduct thorough investigations into political issues or cases of corruption. Usually, their investigation involves long-term research through which they come across astonishing realities. This long-term involvement with single issues of public interest equips the journalists with informational power. That is precisely why investigative journalists wield such power and influence. Their language serves as a potent tool, enabling them to shape, reshape, and ultimately change public opinion. In a way, they perform political eugenics as talk shows on current political issues help them in purifying or sterilizing public opinion. This determines their performativity. The status quo is maintained by conducting programs on regular basis. John Austin described each speech act to take place as a continuation of three steps namely illocutionary, locutionary and perlocutionary. He also initiated the idea of performativity. Performativity is related to the locutionary act. Perlocutionary act can be intended or unintended but when intentional, it causes a state of mind named as perlocutionary effect (Nordquist, 2018) in the hearer, which eventually makes him/her act in the desired way. In this article, this desired perlocutionary effect could be observed in the voting outcomes in Elections 2018 in Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore student's perceptions regarding impact of kinesics (facial expressions, gestures, head movements and postures) on undergraduate medical education. Methods: A qualitative exploratory online survey was conducted from July-Sept 2020 among purposively chosen final year BDS students (n=150) of three dental colleges of Islamabad during COVID-19 lockdown phase. Semi-structured survey questions were validated and piloted before execution. Thematic analysis was performed, and consensus was built among all authors regarding findings, hence ensuring analytical triangulation. Results: Response rate was 46% (69/150). Twenty sub-themes emerged under three domains of kinesics. Participants told that 'neutral expressions' frequently used by teachers create 'boring learning environment' and 'hesitation among students to ask questions.' A smile of teacher imparts 'new degree of interest in the subject' and gives 'freedom of expression' to the students. On contrary, anger 'demotivate' students, instills 'fear among them', make them anxious therefore, they are 'unable to understand lectures' which ultimately leads to 'loss interest in the subject'. Use of gestures by teachers creates 'enjoyable teachinglearning process' but movements such as clearing throat or shaky legs produce 'constant split-second interruption'. Moreover, standing posture of teachers bring 'interest and alertness among students'. Conclusion: Nonverbal communication can have positive or negative impact on undergraduate medical education. Therefore, teachers may start lecture with a smile and anger should be avoided to produce friendly and healthy learning environment. Faculty training is required for the effective use of nonverbal communication strategies to create an optimal learning environment for the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: A teacher's appropriate use of nonverbal communication skills, mainly kinesics, can play a crucial role in the success of the students. Medical educators are unaware of the effective use of nonverbal communication as an instructional skill that can be used to engage learners, balance learners' participation by controlling the classroom environment, and motivate them to have a passion for learning. The purpose of the study was to explore the students' perceptions regarding the effect of teachers' kinesics on students' learning and their learning environment. This can be helpful for teachers in modifying their teaching styles and delivering quality education. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A qualitative study with an exploratory design was conducted at a private medical institute in 2021 for a duration of 6 months. Fourteen medical students volunteered to participate in the study. Focus group discussions were conducted with the students to explore the experiences of the medical students regarding the use of nonverbal communication skills by their teachers and its effect on their learning in the classroom. The data collected was analyzed manually. RESULTS: The results of the study revealed that teachers' nonverbal behaviors in the classroom significantly influence students' motivation, engagement, and learning in the classroom. Students preferred interaction with the teachers who were friendly and confident and used their nonverbal communication skills (eye contact, facial expressions, hand gestures) effectively, compared to strict and judgmental teachers. CONCLUSION: Teachers need to motivate their students by improving their teaching styles and incorporating nonverbal behaviors positively in the classroom. By creating an impactful learning environment, students' participation and learning will increase, which will, in turn, improve their academic performance.

Gesture, outlined in terms of physical activity, philosophical theory and linguistics are strongly connected in the course of human interaction. Utterances are accompanied by facial expressions, shifts of gaze, movements, posture, etc. Therefore, we support the thesis that a gestural approach to analyzing communicative events is appropriate, since non-verbal components communicate attitudes and emotions and complete the verbal interchange in numerous ways. Disagreements are especially prone to such an analysis.

Background: Nonverbal communication constitutes significant proportion of human communication besides spoken words. This study explored teacher's perceptions about impact of kinesics (facial expressions, gestures, head movements and postures) on undergraduate medical education within a classroom setting. Methods: A survey-based exploratory research was carried out from July-August 2020. Medical teachers from two private dental colleges of Islamabad were included in the sampling frame. The survey questions were validated and approved by all authors before execution. Frequencies and percentages of closed-ended questions were calculated while thematic analysis for open-ended questions was done by all authors to get consensus on themes, hence ensuring analytical triangulation. Results: Forty-six teachers responded to the survey. The most frequently shown facial expressions were 'happiness and enthusiasm' (76.1%) creating friendly, conducive, and motivating learning environment. 'Smile' was considered powerful communicative signal (95.7%) whereas 'anger' was thought to be communication barrier leading to stressful and demotivating learning environment. Neutral expressions were considered helpful to maintain class decorum. 'OK sign with raised thumb' (50%) was found helpful to develop special teacher-student connection and 'head nod' (84.8%) was encouraging students to continue giving answers. Standing posture (81%) exhibited teacher's commitment towards teaching and produced active learning environment. Conclusion: Teachers should start lecture with welcoming facial expressions, i.e., smile to build rapport with students. Anger should be avoided as it demotivates students by making learning environment stressful. We need to train faculty regarding effective use of nonverbal communication strategies to improve student's learning experience and to create positive learning environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lakon: Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya is the property of Universitas Airlangga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How do we perceive robots practising a task that we have taught them? While learning, human trainees usually provide nonverbal cues that reveal their level of understanding and interest in the task. Similarly, nonverbal social cues of trainee robots that can be interpreted naturally by humans can enhance robot learning. In this article, we investigated a scenario in which a robot is practising a physical task in front of the human teachers (i.e., participants), who were asked to assume that they had previously taught the robot to perform that task. Through an online experiment with 167 participants, we examined the effects of different gaze patterns and arm movements with multiple speeds and various kinds of pauses on human teachers' perception of different attributes of the robot. We found that the perception of a trainee robot's attributes (e.g., confidence and eagerness to learn) can be systematically affected by its behaviours. Findings of this study can inform designing more successful nonverbal social interactions for intelligent robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human being is created to live in the community. Therefore he needs ways of interacting with other peers. Individuals communicate through both intentional and unintentional gestures they make, body language and facial expression. Nonverbal communication is the most developed form of communication, because it requires certain studies to understand and is deciphered in the same way by everyone. Register nonverbal is a colossal importance in human communication due to its considerable wealth and the speed with which convey ideas and emotions especially. Experts argue that the veracity of nonverbal communication surpassed the verbal communication, and that varies signifi cantly depending on the person or social group.

Purpose: Previous studies have shown that penalty-takers' body language affects the impressions that goalkeepers form about them and their anticipation performance. This research aimed to replicate these results and test the mediating effect of threat/challenge responses on the relationship between impression formation and the quality of goalkeeper decision-making. Methods and Results: We report 2 experiments. The first showed that participants (goalkeepers) form more positive impressions and have a lower expectation of success from dominant penalty-takers than submissive penalty-takers, and the second showed under pressure conditions that goalkeepers' decision-making was significantly less accurate against dominant players than against submissive players. In addition, we found that the more goalkeepers perceived the penalty-taker as competent, the more threatened they felt; conversely, the less they perceived the penalty-taker as competent, the more challenged they felt. Conclusion: Finally, our analysis showed that participants' cognitive appraisal (challenge vs. threat) influenced the quality of their decision-making and played a partial mediating role in the relationship between impression formation and decision-making.

This study examined the effects of kinesics on male adolescents’ perception of people who stutter (PWS). Twenty-four male participants from an all-boys high school viewed an audio clip of a person who stutters (PWS), a video of a PWS exhibiting positive kinesics, and a video of a PWS exhibiting negative kinesics. After each clip, the participant completed a semantic differential survey to determine the participant’s perception of the speaker. The data was analyzed statistically using XLSTAT. The results indicate that positive kinesics has a significant positive effect on perception, kinesics has a significantly different effect on the perception of male and female speakers, and the perceptions of PWS may have shifted over time. The results did not show that negative kinesics had a significant negative effect on the perception of PWS.

Objectives: To know the most used types of touch and understand their meanings for physical therapists working in a hospital environment, from the perspective of their feelings, attitudes and behaviors during care. Materials and methods: Qualitative case study conducted by physical therapists working at a hospital in Brazil. For data collection, participant observation and semi-structured interviews were used as techniques. Data were analyzed according to the thematic content analysis proposed by Minayo. Results: 16 physical therapists participated in the study and, from the analysis of the empirical material, four thematic categories emerged: Instrumental touch as a fundamental resource of hospital physical therapy assistance; expressive touch: Its little presence does not mean absence of affection; physical therapist's feelings related to touch and difficulty talking about touch means that there is a deficiency in training. Conclusions: The underuse of expressive touch revealed the lack of knowledge and unpreparedness in the formation of the physical therapist, which, added to the lack of self-knowledge, hinders the affection and the creation of bonds in relationships. All of this justifies the rare studies on affective touch in health, which reflects an area to be explored and the need to sensitize professionals to influence the quality and humanization of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonverbal communication accompanies direct oral verbal communication. The means of nonverbal communication, constituting culturally determined communication styles are a phenomenon which cannot be overlooked in translation. Translation, in particular audiovisual and interpretation, helps to become familiar with nonverbal styles, inter alia relating to kinesics, chronemics, proxemics, pantomimics, haptics from other spaces of culture. Apart from a cognitive function, nonverbal communication styles also serve an auxiliary function in the translation process (e.g. oral translation). Sometimes nonverbal communication styles help to verify the quality of translated verbal communication.

Faces and bodies provide critical cues for social interaction and communication. Their structural encoding depends on configural processing, as suggested by the detrimental effect of stimulus inversion for both faces (i.e., face inversion effect - FIE) and bodies (body inversion effect - BIE). An occipito-temporal negative event-related potential (ERP) component peaking around 170 ms after stimulus onset (N170) is consistently elicited by human faces and bodies and is affected by the inversion of these stimuli. Albeit it is known that emotional expressions can boost structural encoding (resulting in larger N170 components for emotional than for neutral faces), little is known about body emotional expressions. Thus, the current study investigated the effects of different emotional expressions on structural encoding in combination with FIE and BIE. Three ERP components (P1, N170, P2) were recorded using a 128-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) when participants were presented with (upright and inverted) faces and bodies conveying four possible emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear) or no emotion (neutral). Results demonstrated that inversion and emotional expressions independently affected the Accuracy and amplitude of all ERP components (P1, N170, P2). In particular, faces showed specific effects of emotional expressions during the structural encoding stage (N170), while P2 amplitude (representing top-down conceptualisation) was modified by emotional body perception. Moreover, the task performed by participants (i.e., implicit vs. explicit processing of emotional information) differently influenced Accuracy and ERP components. These results support integrated theories of visual perception, thus speaking in favour of the functional independence of the two neurocognitive pathways (one for structural encoding and one for emotional expression analysis) involved in social stimuli processing. Results are discussed highlighting the neurocognitive and computational advantages of the independence between the two pathways.

Background: Infant crying is the first attempt babies use to communicate during their initial months of life. A misunderstanding of the cry message can compromise infant care and future neurodevelopmental process., Methods: An exploratory study collecting multimodal data (i.e., crying, electroencephalography (EEG), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), facial expressions, and body movements) from 38 healthy full-term newborns was conducted. Cry types were defined based on different conditions (i.e., hunger, sleepiness, fussiness, need to burp, and distress). Statistical analysis, Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) techniques were used to identify relevant features for cry type classification and to evaluate a robust DL algorithm named Acoustic MultiStage Interpreter (AMSI)., Results: Significant differences were found across cry types based on acoustics, EEG, NIRS, facial expressions, and body movements. Acoustics and body language were identified as the most relevant ML features to support the cause of crying. The DL AMSI algorithm achieved an accuracy rate of 92%., Conclusions: This study set a precedent for cry analysis research by highlighting the complexity of newborn cry expression and strengthening the potential use of infant cry analysis as an objective, reliable, accessible, and non-invasive tool for cry interpretation, improving the infant-parent relationship and ensuring family well-being., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare competing interests (Funding, Employment or Confidentiality interests) in relation to the work described herein. Ana Laguna, Sandra Pusil, Àngel Bazán and Paolo Piras are employed by Zoundream AG. Ana Laguna is also a co-founder of the company and owns stock in Zoundream AG. Silvia Orlandi, Alexandra Pardos Véglia and Jonathan Adrian Zegarra-Valdivia receive compensation for the collaboration as members of the scientific advisory board of Zoundream AG. Clàudia Palomares’ salary is funded by Zoundream AG through Fundació Clínic. Anna Lucia Paltrinieri and Oscar Garcia-Algar declare no potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

What do women learn in feminist self-defense that is empowering? This study examined the skills women used months and years after completing an IMPACT self-defense course. Ninety-seven survey participants described skills they had used and incorporated into their lives. The major themes that emerged through a classic grounded theory analysis were awareness, boundary setting, assertive body language, and managing adrenaline to prevent, interrupt, or stop uncomfortable, intrusive, or hostile behaviors. IMPACT-trained women did not engage in self-blaming or risky behavior and used their skills to prevent and interrupt aggressive behavior., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Most child studies on emotion perception used faces and speech as emotion stimuli, but little is known about children's perception of emotions conveyed by body movements, that is, emotional body language (EBL). This study aimed to investigate whether processing advantages for positive emotions in children and negative emotions in adults found in studies on emotional face and term perception also occur in EBL perception. We also aimed to uncover which specific movement features of EBL contribute to emotion perception from interactive dyads compared with noninteractive monads in children and adults. We asked 5-year-old children and adults to categorize happy and angry point-light displays (PLDs), presented as pairs (dyads) and single actors (monads), in a button-press task. By applying representational similarity analyses, we determined intra- and interpersonal movement features of the PLDs and their relation to the participants' emotional categorizations. Results showed significantly higher recognition of happy PLDs in 5-year-olds and of angry PLDs in adults in monads but not in dyads. In both age groups, emotion recognition depended significantly on kinematic and postural movement features such as limb contraction and vertical movement in monads and dyads, whereas in dyads recognition also relied on interpersonal proximity measures such as interpersonal distance. Thus, EBL processing in monads seems to undergo a similar developmental shift from a positivity bias to a negativity bias, as was previously found for emotional faces and terms. Despite these age-specific processing biases, children and adults seem to use similar movement features in EBL processing., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

For gesture research outside anthropology, the promise – and challenge – of anthropological method stems from one or more of its core commitments: its pursuit of human variation, both diachronic and synchronic; its insistence on naturalistic rather than experimental research design; and its integrative sensibility that situates human behavior in relation to an expansive sociocultural context. This essay reflects on this last sensibility. As we envision an anthropology of gesture and weigh its potential for gesture studies, we should pause and reflect on the fitful history of gesture in anthropology. As a parable for the present, I revisit a neglected anthropological voice from twentieth-century gesture research: Ray L. Birdwhistell, whose ambitious postwar science of kinesics teamed film-based microanalysis with American linguistic structuralism. At stake in Birdwhistell's work was a problem that looms large here, that of how and at what cost a science of gesture can contextualize its object integratively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents some ethnographic reflections from a research project focused on the insertion process when joining a guerrilla organization in Colombia as a ritual process. This study took place at a School of Combatants of the National Liberation Army - ELN. As a result, the authors earned their B.A. degree in Anthropology with merit at the National University of Colombia in 2001. Twelve years later, this article is presented reflecting upon two non-verbal communication forms of expression: on one side, the body kinesics under the armed conflict requirements of the armed conflict in a rural area; and on the other, the proxemics built by a community in order to transform and functionally own fragments of the jungle under the particular demands of the guerrillas´ war. Therefore, we aim at understanding how ethnographic interaction in political armed violence operates as a sensitive experience, where gestures and simulations (meta-messages) flowing in a jungle of symbols can possibly, and quiet remarkably, make the difference between life and death.

Deception has evolved to become a fundamental aspect of human interaction. Despite the prolonged efforts in many disciplines, there has been no definite finding of a univocally “deceptive” signal. This work proposes an approach to deception detection combining cognitive load manipulation and T-pattern methodology with the objective of: (a) testing the efficacy of dual task-procedure in enhancing differences between truth tellers and liars in a low-stakes situation; (b) exploring the efficacy of T-pattern methodology in discriminating truthful reports from deceitful ones in a low-stakes situation; (c) setting the experimental design and procedure for following research. We manipulated cognitive load to enhance differences between truth tellers and liars, because of the low-stakes lies involved in our experiment. We conducted an experimental study with a convenience sample of 40 students. We carried out a first analysis on the behaviors’ frequencies coded through the observation software, using SPSS (22). The aim was to describe shape and characteristics of behavior’s distributions and explore differences between groups. Datasets were then analyzed with Theme 6.0 software which detects repeated patterns (T-patterns) of coded events (non-verbal behaviors) that regularly or irregularly occur within a period of observation. A descriptive analysis on T-pattern frequencies was carried out to explore differences between groups. An in-depth analysis on more complex patterns was performed to get qualitative information on the behavior structure expressed by the participants. Results show that the dual-task procedure enhances differences observed between liars and truth tellers with T-pattern methodology; moreover, T-pattern detection reveals a higher variety and complexity of behavior in truth tellers than in liars. These findings support the combination of cognitive load manipulation and T-pattern methodology for deception detection in low-stakes situations, suggesting the testing of directional hypothesis on a larger probabilistic sample of population.

Understanding the neural basis of emotions is a critical step to uncover the biological substrates of neuropsychiatric disorders. To study this aspect in freely behaving mice, neuroscientists have relied on the observation of ethologically relevant bodily cues to infer the affective content of the subject, both in neutral conditions or in response to a stimulus. The best example of that is the widespread assessment of freezing in experiments testing both conditioned and unconditioned fear responses. While robust and powerful, these approaches come at a cost: they are usually confined within selected time windows, accounting for only a limited portion of the complexity of emotional fluctuation. Moreover, they often rely on visual inspection and subjective judgment, resulting in inconsistency across experiments and questionable result interpretations. To overcome these limitations, novel tools are arising, fostering a new avenue in the study of the mouse naturalistic behavior. In this work we developed a computational tool [stimulus-evoked behavioral tracking in 3D for rodents (SEB3R)] to automate and standardize an ethologically driven observation of freely moving mice. Using a combination of machine learning-based behavioral tracking and unsupervised cluster analysis, we identified statistically meaningful postures that could be used for empirical inference on a subsecond scale. We validated the efficacy of this tool in a stimulus-driven test, the whisker nuisance (WN) task, where mice are challenged with a prolonged and invasive whisker stimulation, showing that identified postures can be reliably used as a proxy for stimulus-driven fearful and explorative behaviors., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests., (Copyright © 2023 Chelini et al.)

Copyright of LINRED. Linguistica en la Red is the property of Universidad de Alcala. UAH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Effective communication skills are crucial to succeed in many aspects of our personal and professional lives. Non-verbal communication plays a significant role in this success, affecting verbal communication and enhancing fluency. Gestures, facial expressions and eye-gaze function as non-verbal means to control and organize conversations (Jokinen, 2009). The present paper aims to address the existing gap in developing English for Specific Purposes (henceforth, ESP) students' non-verbal communication skills (Beltran-Plaques & Querol-Julián, 2018; Ruiz-Madrid, 2021) and addresses the analysis of kinesic physical aspects in face-to-face traditional and digital communication, be it synchronous (e.g., videoconferences) or asynchronous (e.g., recorded communication). Specifically, our objective is to analyze the kinesic communication skills of our ESP undergraduate students in traditional and digital settings using ELAN, a computer-aided multimodal discourse analysis tool. Our findings reveal that the participants' use of kinesic markers is inefficient in both contexts, showing significant difficulties in digital communication. Based on these results, some pedagogical implications are proposed to improve ESP students' non-verbal communication skills in both settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonverbal communication (NVC) plays a highly important role in different aspects of human life. Regarding teachers, however, it is more important, and they should be very cautious about what type of NVC they use and how they perform it in their teaching process. While practical tangible teaching techniques driven from nonverbal behaviors can help English language teachers incorporate this essential element into their classrooms, little attention has been given to this area. This article tries to shed light on the often neglected, unexplored area of research concerning nonverbal communication. It begins by mentioning the indispensable role of NVC in the communicative process and then explaining different forms and functions of these NVBs, attempt has been made to incorporate those NVCs into language classes and give some practical techniques to be considered in the classrooms, in order for the learners to be as Pennycook (1985) puts it "not only bilingual but also bi- kinesics".

This study tested the universality hypothesis on facial expression judgment by applying cross-cultural agreement tests on Filipinos. The Facial Action Coding System constructed by Ekman and Friesen (1976) was used as basis for creating stimuli photos that 101 college student observers were madeto identify. Contextualization for each emotion was also solicited from subjects to provide qualitative bases for their judgments. The results showed that for five of the six emotions studied, excepting fear, the majority of the observers judged the expressions as predicted. The judgment of happiness supplied the strongest evidence for universality, having the highest correctness rate and inter-observer agreement. There was also high agreement among observersand between Filipinos and other cultures about the most intense and second most intense emotion signaled by each stimulus for these five emotions. Difficulty with the recognition of fear, as well as its common association with the emotion of sadness, has been found. Such findings shall serve as baseline data for the study of facial expressions in the Philippines.

Intercultural communication is interpersonal communication involving people with cultural references different enough that it may pose a significant barrier that difficult communication efficiency. It proposes an analysis of nonverbal communication highlighting the importance of the nonverbal aspects of communication and the different contributions of studies on the kinesics, the proxemics and some senses like touch and smell, highly influenced by the cultural references of each person. These studies reveal some basic differences in potential intercultural communicative encounter.

Building on extensive study on nonverbal communication, this paper focuses on the presence of culturally referenced representations of nonverbal behaviour in poetry, specifically looking at the presence of culturally referenced nonverbal elements in war poems written during and after World War I. Written representations of such nonverbal elements are seen either as vocal-nonverbal (paralanguage) or as nonvocal-nonverbal (kinesics). As a poem’s theme derives from the actual event(s), it can be expected to contain culturally bound nonverbal elements. Analysis shows that nonverbal elements are mostly represented via descriptions of spatial signs, body adaptors and bodily characteristics, and that the presence of culturally referenced nonverbal elements is almost non-existent.

Background: A teacher's appropriate use of nonverbal communication skills, mainly kinesics, can play a crucial role in the success of the students. Medical educators are unaware of the effective use of nonverbal communication as an instructional skill that can be used to engage learners, balance learners' participation by controlling the classroom environment, and motivate them to have a passion for learning. The purpose of the study was to explore the students' perceptions regarding the effect of teachers' kinesics on students' learning and their learning environment. This can be helpful for teachers in modifying their teaching styles and delivering quality education., Materials and Methods: A qualitative study with an exploratory design was conducted at a private medical institute in 2021 for a duration of 6 months. Fourteen medical students volunteered to participate in the study. Focus group discussions were conducted with the students to explore the experiences of the medical students regarding the use of nonverbal communication skills by their teachers and its effect on their learning in the classroom. The data collected was analyzed manually., Results: The results of the study revealed that teachers' nonverbal behaviors in the classroom significantly influence students' motivation, engagement, and learning in the classroom. Students preferred interaction with the teachers who were friendly and confident and used their nonverbal communication skills (eye contact, facial expressions, hand gestures) effectively, compared to strict and judgmental teachers., Conclusion: Teachers need to motivate their students by improving their teaching styles and incorporating nonverbal behaviors positively in the classroom. By creating an impactful learning environment, students' participation and learning will increase, which will, in turn, improve their academic performance., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Journal of Education and Health Promotion.)

Many people living with dementia experience challenges comprehending language and benefit from nonverbal communication supports. Little published empirical evidence exists for care partners regarding supportive strategies for nonverbal communication with people living with dementia. This study aimed to conduct a scoping review of nonverbal strategies for care partners which have been observed to support communication with people living with dementia. Current best practices for scoping research guided this review. CINAHL, PsycInfo, Scopus, and Pubmed databases were searched December 8, 2020. Empirical studies that examined the supportiveness of nonverbal communication strategies used by care partners of people living with dementia were eligible. All publication dates were included. Eligible studies were published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Studies were screened first by title and abstract, and subsequently by full-text review. Data charting was conducted using an evidence summary table, which was subsequently used for analysis. Results were presented in the form of a written summary. Sixteen studies were included in the final review. Six categories of supportive nonverbal communication strategies were identified: eye contact, gestures, facial expression, touch, close proximity, and frontal orientation. Studies observed six outcomes which indicated that these nonverbal strategies were supportive for communication with people living with dementia; however, person-centered outcomes were limited. The review identified supportive nonverbal communication strategies used by care partners with people living with dementia in the current literature. Disagreement exists in the literature regarding which outcomes define supportive nonverbal communication with people living with dementia. This in combination with the benefits of person-centered approaches to care with people living with dementia presents a critical need to delineate which nonverbal communication strategies are person-centered in future research. Six supportive nonverbal communication strategies identified by scoping literature review, but there is disagreement in how the literature defines "supportive" @marie_y_s @EmmaBender19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study related to determining the length of participation in a youth dance program to help young people to avoid risky behavior and acquire competence in essential life skills. It mentions use of the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale as a measure of psychological health. It also highlights benefits of the program given to dance program teaching artists to provide essential life skills.

In the growing world of technology, communication plays a major role in conveying ideas and information to one another. However, in today's smart and automated world, more and more emphasis is being placed on non-verbal communication rather than the verbal one. This is because non-verbal communication in its own way helps to interpret things better. Nonverbal communication encompasses numerous modes of expression. This includes gestures, eye contact, touch, physiological responses and manner of movement. Of all the non-verbal communications, gesture, is one of the most easiest and interesting way of communicating ideas to one another. The mere actions, hand movements and/or expressions have so much to express. Gesture-Based interaction is being used in every field today but not in the education domain. This paper explains what is Gesture-Based Interaction and explains the Gesture Recognition Technology in detail. It also puts an emphasis on how Gesture-Based Interaction can be used in the field of education and thus in literal sense make it interesting. To demonstrate the same, we have created an android application to explain the use of gestures in android. Two supporting diagrams are also included which illustrate the functioning of gestures in android. The diagrams explain the flow of the gesture based application as well as it illustrates the gesture detection mechanism of android. This paper also proposes the creation of an application to find which gesture-based interaction can be used by the verbally impaired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]