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We investigated the tissue-specific features of the production of adipokines (leptin and adipsin) by adipose tissue in obese patients depending on the degree of obesity and the state of carbohydrate metabolism. An increase in the content of adipsin and leptin in the blood plasma was found. In patients with varying degrees of obesity with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2), we determined the level of tissue-specific expression of LEP and CFD genes encoding leptin and adipsin, respectively. The contribution of different adipose tissue depots to the blood plasma level of adipsin and leptin in obese patients with and without DM 2 was established. The disturbance of reciprocal relationships between adipsin and leptin in obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance.

We studied association of single nucleotide polymorphism Glu298Asp (rs1799983) of the NOS3 gene with the risk of metabolic syndrome in the Slavic population. Blood samples were obtained from 128 patients with metabolic syndrome and 100 healthy individuals. Polymorphism Glu298Asp of the NOS3 gene was genotyped by allele-specific PCR. Allele Asp (OR=1.95, 95%CI 1.29-2.95, p=0.007) and genotype Asp/Asp (OR=2.56, 95%CI 0.98-6.72, p=0.04) were associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in Slavic population. Patients with metabolic syndrome carrying genotype Asp/Asp had higher serum endothelin-1 level in comparison with Glu/Asp and Glu/Glu carriers.

Experiments were performed on CBA/CaLac mice with hyperplasia of hemopoiesis induced by 10-h immobilization. Erythropoietic and colony-stimulating activity increased under the influence of hemopoietic growth factors and other humoral substances, which plays a major role in the increase in bone marrow cellularity during immobilization stress. Erythropoietin stimulated proliferation of erythroid colony-forming units, while granulocyte colony-stimulating factor accelerated maturation of granulocyte precursors.

The content of hemopoietic precursors in the bone marrow, its morphological composition, production of hemopoietic growth factors by cells of the hemopoietic microenvironment, erythropoietic activity, and plasma content of endogenous erythropoietin were studied in CBA/CaLac mice with hypoplasia of hemopoiesis induced by adriamycin in a maximum permissible dose. Cytostatic treatment affected production of substances determining erythropoietic activity by adherent and nonadherent cells of the bone marrow. Erythropoietic activity of peripheral blood plasma considerably increased. Recovery of erythroid hemopoiesis was determined by the effects of endogenous erythropoietin and other substances secreted by cells of the hemopoietic microenvironment and present in the peripheral blood.

Cell elements of peripheral blood and bone marrow and splenic hemopoiesis were studied in athymic BALB/c mice (nude or thymectomized animals). In athymic animals lympho- and erythropoiesis were suppressed, while granulocyto- and monocytopoiesis were activated. These changes were more pronounced in nude mice.