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3. Outcome and predictors of failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author

Sven A. Danner, Frank de Wolf, Ferdinand W. N. M. Wit, Marjan Weeda, Johan Schuijtemaker, Suzanne Jurriaans, Joep M. A. Lange, Peter Reiss, Remko van Leeuwen, Gerrit Jan Weverling, Radjin Steingrover, David Fortuin, Xander Eyssen, Klaas Nauta, Faculteit der Geneeskunde, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Global Health, Other departments, Psychiatry, and Internal medicine

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anti-HIV Agents, viruses, Cohort Studies, Pharmacotherapy, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Indinavir, immune system diseases, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Protease inhibitor (pharmacology), Treatment Failure, Sida, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, biology, business.industry, Body Weight, virus diseases, Middle Aged, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Regimen, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Ritonavir, business, Saquinavir, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

The outcome and predictors of virologic treatment failure of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were determined for 271 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected protease inhibitor-naive persons. During a follow-up of 48 weeks after the initiation of HAART, 6.3% of patients experienced at least one new AIDS-defining event, and 3.0% died. Virologic treatment failure occurred in 40% (indinavir, 27%; ritonavir, 30%; saquinavir, 59%; ritonavir plus saquinavir, 32%; χ2, P = .001). Risk factors for treatment failure were baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA (odds ratio [OR], 1.70 per log10 copies increase in plasma HIV-1 RNA), baseline CD4 cell count (OR, 1.35 per 100 CD4 cells/mm3 decrease), and use of saquinavir versus other protease inhibitors (OR, 3.21). During the first year of treatment, 53% of all patients changed (part of) their original HAART regimen at least once. This was significantly more frequent for regimens containing saquinavir (62%; 27% for virologic failure) or ritonavir (64%; 55% for intolerance) as single protease inhibitor.

Published
1999

4. The optical spectrum of a large isolated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene, C42H18

Author

Damian L. Kokkin, Nigel T. Lucas, Tyler P. Troy, Timothy W. Schmidt, Masakazu Nakajima, Klaas Nauta, Gregory F. Metha, and Thomas D. Varberg

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Physics, Oscillator strength, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Photochemistry, Molecular electronic transition, Interstellar medium, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Ionization, Spectroscopy, Carbon, Visible spectrum
Abstract

The first optical spectrum of an isolated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon large enough to survive the photophysical conditions of the interstellar medium is reported. Vibronic bands of the first electronic transition of the all benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene were observed in the 4080-4530 Angstrom range by resonant 2-color 2-photon ionization spectroscopy. The strongest feature at 4264 Angstrom is estimated to have an oscillator strength of f=1.4x10^-3, placing an upper limit on the interstellar abundance of this polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon at 4x10^12 cm^-2, accounting for a maximum of ~0.02% of interstellar carbon. This study opens up the possibility to rigorously test neutral polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as carriers of the diffuse interstellar bands in the near future., 9 pages, 1 figure. Fixed a typo on the frequency of the 'b' band

Published
2008

5. Laser-induced fluorescence spectrum of 3-vinyl-1H-indene

Author

George B. Bacskay, Hong-Ming Yin, Timothy W. Schmidt, N. P. J. Stamford, Scott H. Kable, Klaas Nauta, and Brianna R. Heazlewood

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Double bond, Configuration interaction, Photochemistry, Fluorescence, Molecular electronic transition, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Physical chemistry, Density functional theory, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Indene, Laser-induced fluorescence, Conformational isomerism
Abstract

The laser-induced fluorescence spectrum of 3-vinyl-1H-indene was recorded between 33,000 and 33,800 cm(-1). An origin band was observed at 33,455 cm(-1) along with several low-frequency modes. With the aid of density functional theory and configuration interaction calculations, the electronic transition was assigned as S1

Published
2007

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