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7. Effects of whey-derived lactopeptide β-lactolin on cognitive performance in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Author

Umeda, Kentaro, Kobayashi, Keiko, Kanatome, Ayana, Sugimura, Yoshie, Ano, Yasuhisa, Suzuki, Hiroaki, Fukuda, Takafumi, Okada, Eisaku, and Muto, Shigeki

Subjects
*MILD cognitive impairment, *MONTREAL Cognitive Assessment, *MINI-Mental State Examination, *COGNITIVE ability, *FUNCTIONAL foods, *THREONINE
Abstract

ObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusionThis study aimed to investigate the effects of a long-term intervention with β-lactolin, a tetrapeptide (sequence: glycine-threonine-tryptophan-tyrosine) derived from milk, on cognitive performance in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted. We recruited 48 participants aged 50 years or older with the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-J) score of 24–28 and a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5. Participants were administered β-lactolin (1.8 mg daily) or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary outcomes were the MMSE-J and the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) scores for cognitive function.A total of 422 individuals were screened, 48 of whom were included in this study. The MMSE-J and MoCA-J scores showed no significant differences between the groups. In the intra-group comparison of the MoCA-J delayed recall score, a significant difference was observed in the β-lactolin group after 12 and 24 weeks of intervention (p = 0.0256, p = 0.0175, respectively). Furthermore, the subgroup analysis stratified for females only showed a significant difference in MoCA-J total score in the β-lactolin group after 24 weeks of intervention (p = 0.0253).β-lactolin intake does not significantly improve cognitive function in MCI in an inter-group comparison; nevertheless, the MoCA-J delayed recall score was significantly improved in the β-lactolin group. The number of participants was lower than planned, limiting the confirmation of the effectiveness of β-lactolin on MCI. This report demonstrated the effect size of β-lactolin intervention in MCI, contributing insights for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. A Multi-Institutional, Retrospective, Observational Study on Administration Status and Safety of In-Hospital Oral Selenium Preparation in Pediatric Patients Predominantly Suffering from Gastrointestinal Disease.

Author

Saito, Jumpei, Suzuki, Eiji, Kobayashi, Keiko, Doi, Keisuke, Miwa, Yosuke, Ihara, Setsuko, Nakai, Kei, and Akabane, Miki

Abstract

Objectives: Selenium deficiency in patients with gastrointestinal diseases treated with long-term central venous nutrition is a clinical problem. Only injectable selenium is approved in Japan, and oral selenium preparations are prepared in hospitals from reagents, but their efficacy and safety are unknown. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study investigating the relationship between selenium administration and oral selenium formulations and adverse events. Results: In this study, 239 selenium-treated cases and 220 selenium-untreated cases adjusted for patient background were selected as a reference group. The median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 1.3 (0.4–4.4) and 1.3 (0.3–4.5) years, respectively; gastrointestinal diseases were most common in 110 (46.0%) and 104 (47.3%) cases. The median (IQR) duration of treatment or observation with oral selenium was 446 (128–1157) and 414 (141–1064) days, respectively. The median (IQR) dose per body weight at the maintenance dose was 2.6 (1.7–3.9) μg/kg, and the median (IQR) serum selenium concentration at the maintenance dose was 8.5 (7.0–10.6) μg/mL within the upper tolerated dose limit and approximately the reference range. There was no difference in selenium dose, serum selenium concentration, or serum-selenium-concentration-to-dose ratio (C/D ratio) for adverse events. The incidence of adverse events was compared with that of patients not treated with selenium. Conclusions: An oral selenium preparation administered below the upper tolerated dose limit can be used effectively and safely in pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Potentially harmful excipients in neonatal medications: a multicenter nationwide observational study in Japan

Author

Saito, Jumpei, Nadatani, Naomi, Setoguchi, Makoto, Nakao, Masahiko, Kimura, Hitomi, Sameshima, Mayuri, Kobayashi, Keiko, Matsumoto, Hiroaki, Yoshikawa, Naoki, Yokoyama, Toshihiro, Takahashi, Hitomi, Suenaga, Mei, Watanabe, Ran, Imai, Kinuko, Obara, Mami, Hashimoto, Mari, Yamamoto, Kazuhiro, Fujiwara, Naoko, Sakata, Wakako, Nagai, Hiroaki, Enokihara, Takeshi, Katayama, Sayaka, Takahashi, Yuta, Araki, Mariko, Iino, Kanako, Akiyama, Naoko, Katsu, Hiroki, Fushimi, Kumiko, Takeda, Tomoya, Torimoto, Mayumi, Kishi, Rina, Mitsuya, Naoki, Kihara, Rie, Hasegawa, Yuki, Hamada, Yukihiro, Kimura, Toshimi, Wada, Masaki, Tanzawa, Ayano, and Yamatani, Akimasa

Published
2021
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14. Beginning of Movement for Re-Education of Parents in Japan in the 1920's.

Author

Kobayashi, Keiko

Abstract

In the late 1920s, in conjunction with a new passion for freedom and concern for human rights, two associations were formed in Japan to promote parents' education and children's welfare. In 1928, following a 2-year study of education in America, Tetsuya Kamimura started the Japan Parents' Re-education Association. The association's members included teachers, principals, physicians, scientists, and artists. The association published a 10-volume "Child Study Course" and a monthly magazine, "Itoshigo"; held meetings for mothers; and set up branches throughout Japan. The second association, Kodomo no Kyoyo, was established in 1929 by Yoshiki Takasaki and Takashi Takenami based on their belief in the importance of the education of children and parents. Kodomo no Kyoyo emphasized scientific approaches to child education, and psychologists, doctors, and scientists contributed articles to the association's journal. The religious background of the association's Christian staff influenced the association's position on child rearing and education. Kodomo no Kyoyo provided parents with a variety of learning opportunities, including short training courses, lecture and discussion meetings, and mothers' schools. Though both movements were active throughout Japan, they attracted primarily middle-class parents who were enthusiastic about their children's education. Both continued to publish until World War II. Japan's current social problems may speak to the need to promote parents' re-education once again. (AC)

Published
1992

16. Oral aversion to dietary sugar, ethanol and glycerol correlates with alterations in specific hepatic metabolites in a mouse model of human citrin deficiency

Author

Saheki, Takeyori, Inoue, Kanako, Ono, Hiromi, Fujimoto, Yuki, Furuie, Sumie, Yamamura, Ken-ichi, Kuroda, Eishi, Ushikai, Miharu, Asakawa, Akihiro, Inui, Akio, Eto, Kazuhiro, Kadowaki, Takashi, Moriyama, Mitsuaki, Sinasac, David S., Yamamoto, Takashi, Furukawa, Tatsuhiko, and Kobayashi, Keiko

Published
2017
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18. Anionic lipids facilitate membrane development and protochlorophyllide biosynthesis in etioplasts.

Author

Yoshihara, Akiko, Kobayashi, Keiko, Nagata, Noriko, Fujii, Sho, Wada, Hajime, and Kobayashi, Koichi

Abstract

Dark-germinated angiosperm seedlings develop chloroplast precursors called etioplasts in cotyledon cells. Etioplasts develop lattice membrane structures called prolamellar bodies (PLBs), where the chlorophyll intermediate protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) forms a ternary complex with NADPH and light-dependent NADPH:Pchlide oxidoreductase (LPOR). The lipid bilayers of etioplast membranes are mainly composed of galactolipids, which play important roles in membrane-associated processes in etioplasts. Although etioplast membranes also contain 2 anionic lipids, phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG), their roles are unknown. To determine the roles of PG and SQDG in etioplast development, we characterized etiolated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants deficient in PG and SQDG biosynthesis. A partial deficiency in PG biosynthesis loosened the lattice structure of PLBs and impaired the insertion of Mg2+ into protoporphyrin IX, leading to a substantial decrease in Pchlide content. Although a complete lack of SQDG biosynthesis did not notably affect PLB formation and Pchlide biosynthesis, lack of SQDG in addition to partial PG deficiency strongly impaired these processes. These results suggested that PG is required for PLB formation and Pchlide biosynthesis, whereas SQDG plays an auxiliary role in these processes. Notably, PG deficiency and lack of SQDG oppositely affected the dynamics of LPOR complexes after photoconversion, suggesting different involvements of PG and SQDG in LPOR complex organization. Our data demonstrate pleiotropic roles of anionic lipids in etioplast development. Negatively charged phospholipid and sulfur-containing glycolipids facilitate internal membrane formation and synthesis of chlorophyll intermediates in chloroplast precursors of dark-grown seedlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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29. Effects of supplementation on food intake, body weight and hepatic metabolites in the citrin/mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase double-knockout mouse model of human citrin deficiency

Author

Saheki, Takeyori, Inoue, Kanako, Ono, Hiromi, Katsura, Natsumi, Yokogawa, Mana, Yoshidumi, Yukari, Furuie, Sumie, Kuroda, Eishi, Ushikai, Miharu, Asakawa, Akihiro, Inui, Akio, Eto, Kazuhiro, Kadowaki, Takashi, Sinasac, David S., Yamamura, Ken-ichi, and Kobayashi, Keiko

Published
2012
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37. Targeted temperature management at 36°C is a risk factor for ventilator‐associated pneumonia.

Author

Nasuno, Masaru, Yokoyama, Yukari, Motobayashi, Mitsuo, Kobayashi, Keiko, Omori, Norio, Murai, Takemi, Kubota, Noriko, Kitamura, Masatomo, Minami, Kisei, and Inaba, Yuji

Subjects
INDUCED hypothermia, STATISTICS, METHYLPREDNISOLONE, CRITICALLY ill, LOG-rank test, RETROSPECTIVE studies, PATIENTS, RISK assessment, ARTIFICIAL respiration, DRUG administration, SYMPTOMS, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, KAPLAN-Meier estimator, VENTILATOR-associated pneumonia, DISEASE risk factors, CHILDREN
Abstract

Background: In contrast to the adult population, limited information is currently available on risk factors for ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) in children. Therapeutic hypothermia has been identified as a risk factor for the early onset of VAP in adults; however, the relationship between VAP and normothermia remains unclear. The present study investigated risk factors for VAP in children, with a focus on the deleterious effects of therapeutic normothermia on VAP. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of children treated with mechanical ventilation for more than 48 h and analyzed risk factors for VAP. The endpoint was the onset of VAP by the seventh day after the initiation of mechanical ventilation. Results: Among the 288 patients enrolled, seven (2.4%) developed VAP. No significant differences were observed in clinical backgrounds between the VAP and non‐VAP groups. A univariate analysis identified target temperature management (TTM) at 36°C (p < 0.0001) and methylprednisolone (mPSL) pulse therapy (p = 0.02) as risk factors for VAP. An analysis of the time to the onset of VAP by the Kaplan–Meier plot and log‐rank test revealed a significantly higher incidence of VAP in the TTM group (p < 0.0001) and mPSL pulse group (p = 0.001). Conclusion: TTM at 36°C and mPSL pulse therapy may be risk factors for VAP in the pediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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48. Molecular and clinical analyses of Japanese patients with carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) deficiency

Author

Kurokawa, Keiji, Yorifuji, Tohru, Kawai, Masahiko, Momoi, Toru, Nagasaka, Hironori, Takayanagi, Masaki, Kobayashi, Keiko, Yoshino, Makoto, Kosho, Tomoki, Adachi, Masanori, Otsuka, Harumi, Yamamoto, Shigenori, Murata, Toshiaki, Suenaga, Akihito, Ishii, Tsutomu, Terada, Kihei, Shimura, Naoto, Kiwaki, Kohji, Shintaku, Haruo, Yamakawa, Masaru, Nakabayashi, Hiroki, Wakutani, Yosuke, and Nakahata, Tatsutoshi

Published
2007
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