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Three-dimensional (3D) compensated MnBi2Te4 is antiferromagnetic, but undergoes a spin-flop transition at intermediate fields, resulting in a canted phase before saturation. In this work, we experimentally show that the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in MnBi2Te4 originates from a topological response that is sensitive to the perpendicular magnetic moment and to its canting angle. Synthesis by molecular beam epitaxy allows us to obtain a large-area quasi-3D 24-layer MnBi2Te4 with near-perfect compensation that hosts the phase diagram observed in bulk which we utilize to probe the AHE. This AHE is seen to exhibit an antiferromagnetic response at low magnetic fields, and a clear evolution at intermediate fields through surface and bulk spin-flop transitions into saturation. Throughout this evolution, the AHE is super-linear versus magnetization rather than the expected linear relationship. We reveal that this discrepancy is related to the canting angle, consistent with the symmetry of the crystal. Our findings bring to light a topological anomalous Hall response that can be found in non-collinear ferromagnetic, and antiferromagnetic phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Spinophilin, a multifunctional intracellular scaffold protein, is reduced in certain types of cancer and is regarded as a novel putative tumour suppressor protein. However, the role of spinophilin in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has never been explored before.Methods:In this study, we determined for the first time the expression pattern of spinophilin in human HCC by immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis. In addition, we performed immunohistochemical analysis of p53, p14ARF and the proliferation marker Ki-67. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional models were used to study the impact on clinical outcome. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to silence spinophilin and to explore the effects of reduced spinophilin expression on cellular growth.Results:In our study, complete loss of spinophilin immunoreactivity was found in 44 of 104 HCCs (42.3%) and reduced levels were found in an additional 37 (35.6%) cases. After adjusting for other prognostic factors, multivariate Cox regression analysis identified low expression of spinophilin as an independent prognostic factor with respect to disease-free (hazard ratio (HR)=1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04-3.40; P=0.043) and cancer-specific survival (HR=2.0; CI=1.1-3.8; P=0.025). Reduced spinophilin expression significantly correlated with higher Ki-67 index in HCC (P=0.014). Reducing spinophilin levels by siRNA induced a higher cellular growth rate and increased cyclin D2 expression in tumour cells (P<0.05).Conclusion:This is the first study of the expression pattern and distribution of spinophilin in HCC. According to our data, the loss of spinophilin is associated with higher proliferation and might be useful as a prognostic marker in patients with HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was undertaken to investigate the evolution of clinical features between onset of symptoms and diagnosis in children with brain tumours and to identify ways of shortening the time to diagnosis. One hundred and thirty-nine children with a brain tumour were recruited from four UK paediatric neuro-oncology centres. Children had a median of one symptom or sign at symptom onset and six by diagnosis. The symptoms and/or signs experienced at symptom onset and at diagnosis were as follows: headache in 55 and 81 children, nausea and vomiting in 39 and 88 children, motor system abnormalities in 31 and 93 children, cranial nerve palsies in 24 and 75 children, visual system abnormalities in 23 and 96 children, endocrine or growth abnormalities in 10 and 35 children and behavioural change in 4 and 55 children. The median time between symptom onset and diagnosis (symptom interval) was 3.3 months. A longer symptom interval was associated with head tilt, cranial nerve palsies, endocrine and growth abnormalities and reduced visual acuity. More than half of children with brain tumours developed problems with vision and more than a third developed motor problems, cranial nerve palsies, behavioural change, or nausea and vomiting between symptom onset and diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the coulter disc type influence on vertical and horizontal forces during no-tillage process. The practical research was done in laboratory conditions (soil bin) at the Hohanheim University, Stuttgart, Germany with three different coulters disc for no till [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss the angular asymmetries of 3-jet events in e e annihilation, originating from hard gluon bremsstrahlung off quarks. Lepton beam polarization helps to disentangle the various helicity components of the bremsstrahlung cross section. They are sensitive to the spin of the radiated quantum but are otherwise parameter-free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss QCD predictions for the production of direct photons in e e collisions, e e→ γ→γ+ hadrons ( C=+). A simple derivation of the QCD results for the structure functions is presented. These turn out to be exactly predicted by the theory, in contrast to hadron production where only the change with Q is predictable. We also take up the phenomenology of this process. A dramatic rise of the γ/π ratio with z=E/ E( E/ E) and with Q is predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasuicide is not a single syndrome. Subtypes at present recognized are based largely on clinically derived stereotypes. When considering a series of patients, the clinician is unable to handle more than a few attributes at a time. This paper describes the application of three very different clustering algorithms to a material of 350 treated parasuicide patients. Mathematically, three types emerge. Clinically, two of these are interpretable and make sense. The types established are: I (n = 107) a group not characterized by any of the variables we examined; this group is a puzzle, mainly because the reasons for the parasuicidal act are not clear. II (n = 132) a depressed, alienated group with high life-endangerment. III (n = III) a group whose act was highly operant: they felt alienated and were angry with others. These groups did not differ significantly on demographic variables. The usefulness of this typology, particularly for management, after-care and prevention, has now to be assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of calcification in bone and related tissues is a matter of current interest. The mean size and the arrangement of the mineral crystals are important parameters difficult to obtain by electron microscopy. Furthermore, most studies have been carried out on poorly calcified model systems or chemically treated samples. In the work presented here, native bone was studied as a function of age by a quantitative small-angle X-ray scattering method (SAXS). Bone samples (calvariae and ulnae) from rats and mice were investigated. Measurements were performed on native bone immediately after dissection for samples up to 1 mm thick. The size, shape, and predominant orientation of the mineral crystals in bone were obtained for embryonal, young, and adult animals. The results indicate that the mineral nucleates as thin layers of calcium phosphate within the hole zone of the collagen fibrils. The mineral nuclei subsequently grow in thickness to about 3 nm, which corresponds to maximum space available in these holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a randomized study conducted to 121 delinquent girls from a group 160, aged 16 and 17, who belonged to socio-economic status unskilled and partly skilled occupations at a Training School in Great Britain. The objective was to determine the influence of parental deprivation and family background on female delinquency. The study is a re-examination of the theory signifying that early adverse experiences are related to female delinquency due to undetermined results in previous studies. A number of arbitray variables concerning parental deprivation, birth order, and family background were examined. As a result, 80% of the subjects were found to have experienced parental deprivation as a result of separation, divorce, placement in an institution due to personal shortcomings

The article discusses a comparative study on prison groups with regards to the effect of parental deprivation. The result of the study indicated that parental deprivation amongst the prison populations was the result of failure of infra-familial relationships which leads to compulsory institutionalization. The result also indicated that offenders who had experienced parental deprivation had younger parents and were themselves younger than their counterparts who had suffered no loss. Furthermore, the results were discussed with regard to the influence of institutions and contemporary family life on subsequent behavior disturbance.

A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article by T. Kraan et al. published in "Psychological Medicine" which reported the results of a meta-analysis on the association between cannabis use and transition to psychosis in individuals at ultra-high risk.