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1. First epileptic seizure and epilepsies in adulthood: Abridged version of the S2k guideline of the German Society for Neurology in cooperation with the German Society for Epileptology. English Version

Author

Holtkamp, Martin, May, Theodor W., Berkenfeld, Ralf, Bien, Christian G., Coban, Ingrid, Knake, Susanne, Michaelis, Rosa, Rémi, Jan, Seeck, Margitta, Surges, Rainer, Weber, Yvonne, Baum, Petra, Baumgartner, Christoph, Beyenburg, Stefan, Brandt, Christian, Brodisch, Peter, Brückner, Sabine, Chatzikonstantinou, Anastasios, Conrad, Stefan, Fauser, Susanne, Focke, Niels, Freiman, Thomas, Freitag, Hedwig, Fudali, Monika, Geiger-Riess, Mirijam, Greshake, Benedikt, Grimmer, Anja, Hebel, Jonas, Held, Lynna, Kaufmann, Elisabeth, Kerling, Frank, Knieß, Tobias, Kollmar, Rainer, Krämer, Günter, Kürsten, Kathrin, Laufs, Helmut, Lüsebrink, Arne, Lutz, Martin, Möddel, Gabriel, Müffelmann, Birgitt, Noachtar, Soheyl, Rösche, Johannes, Rozinat, Klaus, Rüegg, Stephan, Schäfer, Ulrike, Schmidt, Pia Magdalena, Schmitt, Friedhelm C., Schmitt, Jörg, Schneider, Ulf C., Schulze-Bonhage, Andreas, Speicher, Pascal, Strzelczyk, Adam, Stutterheim, Katrin, Thorbecke, Rupprecht, Trollmann, Regina, Urbach, Horst, von Oertzen, Tim J., von Podewils, Felix, von Wrede, Randi, Wagner, Kathrin, Weber, Raimund, Wehner, Tim, Wendtland, Frank, Winter, Yaroslav, Woermann, Friedrich, and Zieglgänsberger, Dominik

Published
2024
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3. Intensive heart rhythm monitoring to decrease ischemic stroke and systemic embolism—the Find-AF 2 study—rationale and design

Author

Wachter, Rolf, Gröschel, Klaus, Wasser, Katrin, Uhe, Tobias, Schäbitz, Wolf-Rüdiger, Köhrmann, Martin, Dichgans, Martin, Gröschel, Sonja, Uphaus, Timo, Hahn, Marianne, Zuhorn, Frederic, Wulff, Leonard, Plümer, Jorge, Kok, Lena, Janz, Marcel, Kitsiou, Alkisti, Gehmeyr, Julian, Dabbagh, Alhuda, Huber, Charlotte, Pelz, Johann, Wartenberg, Katja, Michalski, Dominik, Seidel, Mirko, Flissakowski, Oscar, Goschenhofer, Anna, Hussain, Rabia-Basari, Kim, Ina, Kinze, Stephan, Kroneberger, Christian, Lingnau, Michale, Lischewski, Dennis, Muhn, Florian, Rogge, Witold, Schieffer, Miriam, Setayesh-Roonizi, Anuscheh, Sparenberg, Paul, Schertel, Jill Marie, Ringleb, Peter, Purrucker, Jan, Berberich, Anne, Heyse, Miriam, Ungerer, Matthias, Bauer, Gregor, Reichardt, Christine, Etgen, Thorleif, Ebel, Bernhard, Milanković-Eberl, Dragana, Schwarte, Olav, Höcherl, Constanze, Asch, Eric-Manuel, Bojtschuk, Luisa, Frey, Maximilian, Dlouhy, Tomas, Ertl, Michael, Zickler, Philipp Patrick, Beier, Barbara, Braadt, Lino-Dominic, Gabrielyan, Inessa, Kermer, Pawel, Kaste, Matthias, Anter, Ahmed, Stirbulescu, Corina, Meleshchenco, Nataliia, Burgholte, Friederike, Lüers, Claus, Steiner, Thorsten, Cierpinski, Mari-Carmen, Lichti, Bethke, Florian, Bonowski, Lars, Eid, Hassan Abou, Vajda-Medina, Esteban, Probst, Mareike, Essa, Hisham, Frank, Benedikt, Stolte, Benjamin, Milles, Lennart, Soda, Hassan, Hiermann, Erich, Rascher, Renate Weinhardt Alexandra, Stan, Marius, Kääb, Stefan, Kellert, Lars, Dimitriadis, Konstantinos, Kopczak, Anna, Küster, Bettina, Sinner, Moritz, Steiger, Ignaz, Kaffe, Maria, Clauß, Sebastian, Janowitz, Daniel, Thaler, Raffael, Schellinger, Peter, Glahn, Jörg, Schubert, Jan, Jenniges, Simone, Markmann-Boenke, Silke, Putzer, Anne-Sophie, Straeten, Michael Schwarze Vera, Wiemer, Marcus, Kallmünzer, Bernd, Macha, Kosmas, Haupenthal, David, Balk, Stefanie, Kossel, Clara-Sophie, Häusler, Georg, Lehrieder, Dominik, Cidlinsky, Peter, Hametner, Christian, Vogl, Christine, Fischer, Thomas, Huttelmaier, Moritz, Nordbeck, Octavian Maniuc Peter, von Hardenberg, Albrecht, Jünemann, Martin, Braun, Tobias, Viard, Maxime, Gerner, Stefan, Omar, AlHaj, Genau, Sonja, Olbricht, Linus, Wassenberg, Matthias, Langguth, Niklas, Fräbel, Christian, Baumgart, Romy, Kalra, Love-Preet, Diel, Norma, Hoffmann, Frank, Kraft, Andrea, Schönmuth, Bettine, Giebler, Anja, Weber, Lorenz, Grond, Martin, Birringer, Jan, Lichte-Schneider, Sandra, Hütwohl, Daniela, Krause, Lars Udo, Petersen, Martina, Althaus, Katharina, Kirchmeier, Konstantin, Novikova, Liubov, Müller, Susanne, Schellong, Sebastian, Brudzinski, Mirko, Gerk, Ulrich, Palisch, Holger, Heinzel, Frank R., Fett, Jana, Suntha, Avinash, Burian, Katja, Schmitz, Bettina, Gutwinski, Anna, Angermüller, Veronika, Alhammoud, Tameem, Cakiroglu, Hüsniye, Bach, Ullrich, Nabavi, Darius, Offermann, Jens, Crome, Olaf, Dimitrijeski, Boris, Meincke, Carsten, Hamann, Gerhard, Alber, Burkhard, Müller, Robert, Pallesen, Lars-Peder, Pütz, Volker, Hartmann, Christian, Berrouschot, Jörg, Stoll, Anett, Keilitz, Janina, Klunk, Dietrich, Voigt, Roman, Kastrup, Andreas, Schröter, Andreas, Schmucker, Johannes, Pfeilschifter, Waltraud, Krämer, Christoffer, Wiemers, Milena, Simon, Micha, Finke, Alexander, Weiß, Christian, Hobohm, Carsten, Naupold, Katrin, Bley-Renning, Karen, Winter, Sabrina, Poli, Sven, Mengel, Annerose, Poli, Khouloud, Expósito, Alexandra Gómez, Mbroh, Joshua, Tieck, Maria, Rosenkranz, Michael, Boskamp, Stefan, Ritter, Nicolas, Seibel, Lena, Schöps, Christian, Ketzler, Rebecca, Nägele, Herbert, Sydow, Karsten, Kurka, Natalia, Schäfer, Jan Hendrik, Charisse, Daniel, Gruber, Katharina, Kohlhase, Konstantin, Lieschke, Franziska, Operhalski, Felix, Seiler, Alexander, Petzold, Gabor, Bode, Felix Jürgen, Stösser, Sebastian, Meißner, Julius, Ebrahimi, Taraneh, Nordsiek, Julia, Beckonert, Niklas, Weissenborn, Karin, Große, Gerrit Maximilian, Worthmann, Hans, Hennemann, Ann-Katrin, Jochmann, Svenja, Gründahl, Julius, Al-Ayoubi, Jana, Ernst, Johanna, Bähr, Oliver, Gruber, Herbert, Benesch, Sonka, Pollinger, Thomas, Alachkar, Nawar, Busch, Sonia, Butz, Steffi, Forkmann, Mathias, Mahnkopf, Christian, Mischke, Thomas, Schnupp, Steffen, Thomalla, Götz, Deb-Chatterji, Milani, Cheng, Bastian, Gelderblom, Mathias, Hoppe, Julia, Jensen, Märit, Schell, Maximilian, Schlemm, Eckhard, Marquardt, Lars, Kazarians, Haiko, Rheingans, Pia Franziska, Hötzer, Kai, Rose, Dietmar, Neumann-Haefelin, Tobias, Berthel, Jörg, Alijaj, Lirim, Krug, Joachim, Niethammer, Margit, Szöllösi, Géza-Attila, Obermann, Marc, Adochitei, Nicoletta, Strik, Herwig, Lenz, Arne, Steigerwald, Frank, Müller, Jörg, Honermann, Martin, Burgstaller, Marian Christoph, Kollmar, Rainer, Rashid, Maryam, Ganai, Ahmad Ajaz, Ossendorf, Saric, Majda, Tischer, Karl-Heinz, Toluli, Adela, Wollenweber, Frank Arne, Rahban, Laya, Silva, Thais Portugal, Lee, Miri, Grosch, Matthias Julius, Minnerup, Jens, Liman, Jan, Nückel, Martin, Böhm, Magdalena, Weber-Krüger, Mark, Brachmann, Johannes, Laufs, Ulrich, Gelbrich, Götz, Petroff, David, Prettin, Christiane, Schellinger, Peter D., Hamann, Gerhard F., Mende, Meinhard, and Wagner, Marcus

Published
2023
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5. Carotid endarterectomy or stenting or best medical treatment alone for moderate-to-severe asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis: 5-year results of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial

Author

Beyersdorf, Friedhelm, Macharzina, Roland-Richard, Lechner, Gabriele, Menz, Carolin, Schonhardt, Sabine, Weinbeck, Michael, Greb, Olga, Otto, Dagmar, Winker, Thomas, Berger, Hermann, Poppert, Holger, Kühnl, Andreas, Pütz, Volker, Haase, Kathrin, Bodechtel, Ulf, Weiss, Norbert, Bergert, Hendrik, Meyne, Johannes, Groß, Justus, Kruse, Matthias, Gerdes, Berthold, Reinbold, Wolf-Dieter, Wuttig, Helge, Maier-Hasselmann, Andreas, Segerer, Manuela, Fuchs, Hans-Hermann, Gass, Sabine, Groden, Christoph, Niedergethmann, Marco, Griebe, Martin, Rosenkranz, Michael, Beck, Jürgen, Thomalla, Götz, Zeumer, Hermann H., Jauß, Marek, Kneist, Werner, Kneist, Martina, Staudacher, Thomas, Bernhard, Alfons, Jost, Petra, Prey, Nico, Knippschild, Jürgen, Kastrup, Oliver, Köhrmann, Martin, Frank, Benedikt, Bongers, Volkmar, Hoffmann, Johannes, Kniemeyer, Horst-Wilhelm, Knauth, Michael, Wasser, Kathrin, Stojanovic, Tomislav, Emmert, Hans, Tacke, Josef, Schwalbe, Bernhard, Nam, Eun-Mi, van Lengerich, Ulrike, Lowens, Stephan, Gröschel, Klaus, Uphaus, Timo, Gröschel, Sonja, Boor, Stephan, Dorweiler, Bernhard, Schmid, Elisabeth, Henkes, Hans, Hupp, Thomas, Singer, Oliver, Hamann, Gerhard, Wagner-Heck, Michaela, Kerth-Krick, Sibylle, Kilic, Metin, Huppert, Peter, Niederkorn, Kurt, Fruhwirth, Johannes, Klein, Günther, Pulkowski, Ulrich, Jöster, Karsten, Wacks, Jens-Henning, Kloppmann, Egbert, Vatankhah, Bijan, Hopf-Jensen, Silke, Stolze, Henning, Müller-Hülsbeck, Stefan, Walluscheck, Knut Peer, Schmitt, Hans-Michael, Grüger, Albert, Seemann, Jörg, Tilahun, Belay, Dichgans, Martin, Wollenweber, Frank Arne, Dörr, Angelika, Zollver, Adelgunde, Gäbel, Gabor, Hedtmann, Günter, Kollmar, Rainer, Claus, Detlef, Petermann, Christian, Kirsch, Stefanie, Bosnjak, Branko, Heiß, Johannes, Mühling, Holger, Wunderlich, Silke, Sabisch, Peter Nikolaus, Gahn, Georg, Storck, Martin, Arnold, Sebastian, Fischer, Urs, Gralla, Jan, von Mering, Matthias, Dißmann, Rüdiger, Kirsch, Delia, Schmidauer, Christoph, Waldenberger, Peter, Furtner, Martin, Kazarians, Haiko, Breuer, Peter, Arning, Christian, Rieper, Jürgen, Schmidt, Georg, Arnold, Marcel, Schroth, Gerhard, Weise, Jens, Zanow, Jürgen, Mayer, Thomas, Töpper, Rudolf, Gross-Fengels, Walter, Daum, Harald, Dittrich, Ralf, Ritter, Martin, Kasprzak, Bernd, Torsello, Giovanni, Pohlmann, Carsten, Brüning, Roland, Crispin, Alexander, Hofmann, Miriam, Müller, Thomas, Blessing, Erwin, Möhlenbruch, Markus, Ludwig, Ines, Amiri, Hemasse, Reiff, Tilman, Eckstein, Hans-Henning, Mansmann, Ulrich, Jansen, Olav, Fraedrich, Gustav, Mudra, Harald, Böckler, Dittmar, Böhm, Michael, Debus, E Sebastian, Fiehler, Jens, Mathias, Klaus, Ringelstein, Erich B, Schmidli, Jürg, Stingele, Robert, Zahn, Ralf, Zeller, Thomas, Niesen, Wolf-Dirk, Barlinn, Kristian, Binder, Andreas, Glahn, Jörg, Hacke, Werner, and Ringleb, Peter Arthur

Published
2022
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11. Rapid recovery of poststroke cardiac autonomic dysfunction: Causes to be considered.

Author

Wang, Ruihao, Moeller, Sebastian, Akhundova, Aynur, Marthol, Harald, Kollmar, Rainer, Köhrmann, Martin, and Hilz, Max J.

Subjects
DYSAUTONOMIA, STROKE, DIASTOLIC blood pressure, SYSTOLIC blood pressure, ISCHEMIC stroke
Abstract

Background and purpose: Acute stroke frequently causes cardiovascular–autonomic dysfunction (CAD). Studies of CAD recovery are inconclusive, whereas poststroke arrhythmias may wane within 72 h. We evaluated whether poststroke CAD recovers within 72 h upon stroke onset in association with neurological improvement or increased use of cardiovascular medication. Methods: In 50 ischemic stroke patients (68 ± 13 years old) who—prior to hospital‐admission—had no known diseases nor took medication affecting autonomic modulation, we assessed National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, RR intervals (RRIs), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), respiration rate, parameters reflecting total autonomic modulation (RRI SD, RRI total powers), sympathetic modulation (RRI low‐frequency powers, systolic BP low‐frequency powers), and parasympathetic modulation (square root of mean squared differences of successive RRIs [RMSSD], RRI high‐frequency powers), and baroreflex sensitivity within 24 h (Assessment 1) and 72 h after stroke onset (Assessment 2) and compared data to those of 31 healthy controls (64 ± 10 years). We correlated delta NIHSS values (Assessment 1 – Assessment 2) with delta values of autonomic parameters (Spearman rank correlation tests; significance: p < 0.05). Results: At Assessment 1, patients were not yet on vasoactive medication and had higher systolic BP, respiration rate, and heart rate, that is, lower RRIs, but lower RRI SD, RRI coefficient of variance, RRI low‐frequency powers, RRI high‐frequency powers, RRI total powers, RMSSDs, and baroreflex sensitivity. At Assessment 2, patients were on antihypertensives, had higher RRI SD, RRI coefficient of variance, RRI low‐frequency powers, RRI high‐frequency powers, RRI total powers, RMSSDs, and baroreflex sensitivity but lower systolic blood pressure and NIHSS values than at Assessment 1; values no longer differed between patients and controls except for lower RRIs and higher respiration rate in patients. Delta NIHSS scores correlated inversely with delta values of RRI SD, RRI coefficient of variance, RMSSDs, RRI low‐frequency powers, RRI high‐frequency powers, RRI total powers, and baroreflex sensitivity. Conclusions: In our patients, CAD recovery was almost complete within 72 h after stroke onset and correlated with neurological improvement. Most likely, early initiation of cardiovascular medication and probably attenuating stress supported rapid CAD recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Posterior circulation ischemic stroke not involving the brainstem is associated with cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction.

Author

Wang, Ruihao, Köhrmann, Martin, Kollmar, Rainer, Koehn, Julia, Schwab, Stefan, Kallmünzer, Bernd, and Hilz, Max J.

Subjects
DYSAUTONOMIA, CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, BARORECEPTORS, ISCHEMIC stroke, BRAIN stem, OCCIPITAL lobe
Abstract

Background and purpose: Ischemic stroke may induce cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, but most previous studies have included patients with anterior circulation ischemic stroke or brainstem stroke. It remains unclear whether posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCIS) without brainstem involvement also compromises cardiovascular autonomic modulation (CAM). Therefore, we aimed to assess CAM in PCIS patients with and without brainstem involvement. Methods: In four subgroups of 61 PCIS patients (14 occipital lobe, 16 thalamic, 12 cerebellar, and 19 brainstem strokes) and 30 healthy controls, we recorded RR intervals (RRIs), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and respiration at supine rest during the first week after stroke onset. We calculated parameters reflecting total CAM (RRI‐standard deviation [RRI‐SD], RRI‐total powers), predominantly sympathetic CAM (RRI‐low‐frequency [LF] powers and SBP‐LF powers] and parasympathetic CAM (root mean square of successive RRI differences [RMSSD], RRI‐high‐frequency [HF] powers), sympathetic‐parasympathetic balance (RRI‐LF/HF ratios), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). Values were compared among the four PCIS groups and controls using one‐way ANOVA Kruskal–Wallis tests, with post‐hoc analyses. Significance was assumed for p < 0.05. Results: In each PCIS subgroup, values for RRI, RRI‐SD, RMSSD, RRI‐HF powers, and BRS were significantly lower, while SBP‐LF powers were higher than in the controls. Only in patients with occipital lobe stroke were RRI‐LF/HF ratios significantly higher than in controls. Otherwise, autonomic variables did not differ among the four PCIS subgroups. Conclusions: During the first week after stroke onset, our PCIS patients with occipital lobe, thalamic, cerebellar, or brainstem strokes all had reduced cardiovagal modulation, compromised baroreflex, and increased peripheral sympathetic modulation. The RRI‐LF/HF ratios suggest that sympathetic predominance is slightly more prominent after occipital lobe stroke. PCIS may trigger cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction even without brainstem involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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16. Consensus recommendations on therapeutic hypothermia after minimally invasive intracerebral hemorrhage evacuation from the hypothermia for intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) working group.

Author

Baker, Turner S., Kellner, Christopher P., Colbourne, Frederick, Rincon, Fred, Kollmar, Rainer, Badjatia, Neeraj, Dangayach, Neha, Mocco, J., Selim, Magdy H., Lyden, Patrick, Polderman, Kees, and Mayer, Stephan

Subjects
INTRACEREBRAL hematoma, CEREBRAL hemorrhage, THERAPEUTIC hypothermia, BIOCHEMICAL mechanism of action, HYPOTHERMIA, EXPERIMENTAL design
Abstract

Background and purpose: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH), or targeted temperature management (TTM), is a classic treatment option for reducing inflammation and potentially other destructive processes across a wide range of pathologies, and has been successfully used in numerous disease states. The ability for TH to improve neurological outcomes seems promising for inflammatory injuries but has yet to demonstrate clinical benefit in the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patient population. Minimally invasive ICH evacuation also presents a promising option for ICH treatment with strong preclinical data but has yet to demonstrate functional improvement in large randomized trials. The biochemical mechanisms of action of ICH evacuation and TH appear to be synergistic, and thus combining hematoma evacuation with cooling therapy could provide synergistic benefits. The purpose of this working group was to develop consensus recommendations on optimal clinical trial design and outcomes for the use of therapeutic hypothermia in ICH in conjunction with minimally invasive ICH evacuation. Methods: An international panel of experts on the intersection of critical-care TH and ICH was convened to analyze available evidence and form a consensus on critical elements of a focal cooling protocol and clinical trial design. Three focused sessions and three full-group meetings were held virtually from December 2020 to February 2021. Each meeting focused on a specific subtopic, allowing for guided, open discussion. Results: These recommendations detail key elements of a clinical cooling protocol and an outline for the roll-out of clinical trials to test and validate the use of TH in conjunction with hematoma evacuation as well as late-stage protocols to improve the cooling approach. The combined use of systemic normothermia and localized moderate (33.5 °C) hypothermia was identified as the most promising treatment strategy. Conclusions: These recommendations provide a general outline for the use of TH afterminimally invasive ICH evacuation. More research is needed to further refine the use and combination of these promising treatment paradigms for this patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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20. EuroHYP-1: European multicenter, randomized, phase III clinical trial of therapeutic hypothermia plus best medical treatment vs. best medical treatment alone for acute ischemic stroke

Author

van der Worp, Bart H., Macleod, Malcolm R., Bath, Philip M. W., Demotes, Jacques, Durand-Zaleski, Isabelle, Gebhardt, Bernd, Gluud, Christian, Kollmar, Rainer, Krieger, Derk W., Lees, Kennedy R., Molina, Carlos, Montaner, Joan, Roine, Risto O., Petersson, Jesper, Staykov, Dimitre, Szabo, Istvan, Wardlaw, Joanna M., and Schwab, Stefan

Published
2014
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23. Granulocyte Colony–Stimulating Factor in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results of the AX200 for Ischemic Stroke Trial

Author

Ringelstein, E. Bernd, Thijs, Vincent, Norrving, Bo, Chamorro, Angel, Aichner, Franz, Grond, Martin, Saver, Jeff, Laage, Rico, Schneider, Armin, Rathgeb, Frank, Vogt, Gerhard, Charissé, Gabriele, Fiebach, Jochen B., Schwab, Stefan, Schäbitz, Wolf R., Kollmar, Rainer, Fisher, Marc, Brozman, Miroslav, Skoloudik, David, Gruber, Franz, Leal, Joaquin Serena, Veltkamp, Roland, Köhrmann, Martin, Berrouschot, Jörg, Egerer, Gerlinde, Mikus, Gerd, Limmroth, Volker, Kieser, Meinhard, Bracoud, Luc, Fiebach, Jochen B., Hermier, Marc, Bouffard, Juliette, and Weber, Rüdiger

Published
2013
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32. International normalised ratio normalisation in patients with coumarin-related intracranial haemorrhages - the INCH trial: a randomised controlled multicentre trial to compare safety and preliminary efficacy of fresh frozen plasma and prothrombin complex - study design and protocol

Author

Steiner, Thorsten, Freiberger, Anja, Griebe, Martin, Hüsing, Johannes, Ivandic, Boris, Kollmar, Rainer, Pfefferkorn, Thomas, Wartenberg, Katja E., Weimar, Christian, Hennerici, Michael, and Poli, Sven

Published
2011
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41. Palliative Care for Stroke Patients and Their Families: Barriers for Implementation

Author

Steigleder, Tobias, Kollmar, Rainer, and Ostgathe, Christoph

Subjects
early integration, caregiver burden, palliative care, family, Neurology, Medizinische Fakultät, Mini Review, palliative care needs, ddc:610, stroke, next-of-kin, palliative care indication
Abstract

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability and is a symptom burden worldwide. It impacts patients and their families in various ways, including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects. As stroke is potentially lethal and causes severe symptom burden, a palliative care (PC) approach is indicated in accordance with the definition of PC published by the WHO in 2002. Stroke patients can benefit from a structured approach to palliative care needs (PCN) and the amelioration of symptom burden. Stroke outcome is uncertain and outlook may change rapidly. Regarding these challenges, core competencies of PC include the critical appraisal of various treatment options, and openly and respectfully discussing therapeutic goals with patients, families, and caregivers. Nevertheless, PC in stroke has to date mainly been restricted to short care periods for dying patients after life-limiting complications. There is currently no integrated concept for PC in stroke care addressing the appropriate moment to initiate PC for stroke patients, and the question of how to screen for symptoms remains unanswered. Therefore, PC for stroke patients is often perceived as a stopgap in cases of unfavorable prognosis and very short survival times. In contrast, PC can provide much more for stroke patients and support a holistic approach, improve quality of life and ensure treatment according to the patient's wishes and values. In this short review we identify key aspects of PC in stroke care and current barriers to implementation. Additionally, we provide insights into our approach to PC in stroke care.

Published
2019

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