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旨在为食用油脂的精准适度加工提供理论依据，以大豆油为油样介质，通过添加β-胡萝卜素和不同脂肪酸改变油样组成，探究碱炼过程中不同植物油底物和碱炼条件（碱液质量分数、超量碱添加量、碱炼温度、碱炼时间）对油脂中β-胡萝卜素脱除率及油脂精炼得率的影响，并测定了油脂在不同植物油底物和碱炼条件脱酸后酸值的变化。结果表明：脂肪酸种类对β-胡萝卜素脱除率有显著影响，碱炼生成的饱和皂棕榈酸皂对β-胡萝卜素的脱除率最高（5.92%），不饱和皂亚麻酸皂对β-胡萝卜素的脱除率最低（2.57%）；游离脂肪酸含量为1.2%时，β-胡萝卜素脱除率最高（4.09%）;油脂中β-胡萝卜素含量越多，β-胡萝卜素脱除率越高；碱液质量分数在12%~18%的中强碱有利于β-胡萝卜素的脱除，脱除率为3.73%~4.30%；随着超量碱添加量的增加，β-胡萝卜素脱除率先升高后降低，超量碱添加量为0.1%时，脱除率最高，为4.09%；碱炼温度越低，β-胡萝卜素脱除率越高，在30 ℃时β-胡萝卜素脱除率最高（4.46%）；随着碱炼时间的延长，β-胡萝卜素脱除率不断增加，在碱炼时间超过30 min后，β-胡萝卜素脱除率增长变缓；棕榈酸、硬脂酸显著降低油脂的精炼得率；随着碱液质量分数、超量碱添加量、碱炼温度、碱炼时间、游离脂肪酸含量的增加，油脂精炼得率总体呈下降趋势，β-胡萝卜素含量对油脂精炼得率无显著影响；除含有大量月桂酸的植物油外，碱炼脱酸可以有效地将油脂酸值（KOH）控制在0.04~0.22 mg/g之间。综上，低温、中强碱有助于β-胡萝卜素的脱除，适当缩短碱炼时间有助于β-胡萝卜素的保留。In order to provide a theoretical basis for the accurate and moderate processing of edible oils, the composition of oil samples was changed by adding β-carotene and different fatty acids using soybean oil as the oil sample medium, and the effects of different vegetable oil substrates and alkali refining conditions (lye mass fraction, excess alkali addition, alkali refining temperature, and alkali refining time) on the removal rate of β-carotene in oils and the refining yields of oils in alkali refining process were investigated. The changes of acid value of oils after deacidification under different vegetable oil substrates and alkali refining conditions were determined. The results showed that the fatty acid type had a significant effect on the removal rate of β-carotene, and the saturated soap palmitic acid soap generated by alkali refining had the highest removal rate of β-carotene (5.92%), while the unsaturated soap linolenic acid soap had the lowest removal rate of β-carotene (2.57%); when the content of free fatty acid was 1.2%, the removal rate of β-carotene was the highest (4.09%), the more the β-carotene content in oils, the higher the β-carotene removal rate; the medium-strong alkali with the lye mass fraction of 12%-18% was conducive to the removal of β-carotene, with the removal rate of β-carotene ranging from 3.73% to 4.30%; with the increase of excess alkali addition, the removal rate of β-carotene first increased and then decreased, and the highest removal rate of 4.09% was found when the excess alkali addition was 0.1%; the lower the alkali refining temperature was, the higher the removal rate of β-carotene was, and the highest removal rate of β-carotene was found at 30 ℃ (4.46%); with the prolonging of the alkali refining time, the removal rate of β-carotene increased continuously, and the increase of removal rate slowed down after more than 30 min of alkali refining; palmitic acid and stearic acid significantly reduced the refining yield of oils; with the increase of lye mass fraction, excess alkali addition, alkali refining temperature, alkali refining time, and the content of free fatty acids, the refining yield of oils showed an overall decreasing trend, and β-carotene content had no effect on the refining yield of oils. Except for vegetable oils containing a large amount of lauric acid, alkali refining could effectively control the acid value of oils in the range of 0.04-0.22 mgKOH/g. In conclusion, low temperature and the medium-strong alkali can help the removal of β-carotene, and the appropriate shortening of alkali refining time can help the retention of β-carotene.

Vocabulary plays a critical role in later reading achievement of emergent bilingual children (EBC) who are learning two languages. Given emerging vocabulary intervention research for EBC, we synthesize studies on vocabulary interventions designed for preschool and kindergarten EBC to provide the cumulative knowledge on the following dimensions: (a) EBC's characteristics, (b) features of selected target words and books, (c) critical components of vocabulary interventions, and (d) the overall effectiveness of the interventions as reflected by the percentage of studies reporting a significant increase on proximal measures of EBC's target words. Through a systematic search, we identified 19 articles using experimental or quasi-experimental designs. Overall, EBC increased their knowledge of words taught through vocabulary instruction, and the use of bilingual or family heritage instructional language increased EBC's vocabulary knowledge in both languages.

A tenet of the Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) is that even evidence-based interventions will not be effective with all children. We examined preschool children's response to a supplemental literacy intervention ("Story Friends") in two classrooms. Children with weak vocabulary skills were identified and received the intervention. The extremes in children's response to "Story Friends" ranged from highly effective to very ineffective. In one classroom, three children who were not responsive to "Story Friends" received additional intervention components. Two of these children acquired new vocabulary words at rates comparable to highly responsive peers receiving "Story Friends" only, and greater than peers in both classrooms not receiving additional support. The third child was dropped due to refusal to attend sessions. Children's lack of learning the control words demonstrated that their progress on the taught words was not due simply to listening to the words read in the stories.

The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) requires that school counselors engage with and advocate for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD), in addition to requiring competency in counseling culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students. However, few publications have called for increased attention to the intersectional needs of this population. This column provides a brief rationale for focusing on students with EBD who are also CLD and recommends a trauma-informed approach to supporting them through fostering a safe school-wide environment, building faculty and staff cultural competence, increasing collaborative communication with students and families, and recommending counseling services in individualized education program meetings.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising blocks for building advanced yarns with unique structural and functional attributes. However, the complexity of fabrication and high cost has hindered the widespread adoption of CNT yarns. In this study, a rapid and continuous twisting wet spun yarn strategy to produce highly densified CNT yarns is presented. The method involves effectively dispersing CNTs in the surfactant dispersion, swiftly removing the surfactant in the coagulation bath and twisting treatment to effectively improve the density of yarn and the orientation of CNT. Detailed characterizations on the influence of each spinning conditions reveal that twisting treatment significantly enhances the packing density of yarns, improves the orientation of CNTs, and mitigates the impact of impurities on conductivity. The resulting CNT yarns exhibit a remarkable tensile strength of 600 MPa, a Young's modulus of ≈40 GPa, and a high conductivity of 8990 S cm−1. When utilized as a yarn heater, the CNT yarn demonstrates an ultra‐fast electrothermal response of over 1000 °C s−1 at a low operating voltage of 5 V. Impressively, the mechanical properties of CNT yarns show good stability during heating. This study provides a perspective of structural engineering for the large‐scale preparation of high‐performance CNT yarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility. Inadequate understanding of the ovulation drivers hinders PCOS intervention. Herein, we report that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) controls follicular fluid (FF) glutamine levels to determine ovulation. Murine ovulation starts from FF-exposing granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis. FF glutamine, which decreases in pre-ovulation porcine FF, elevates in PCOS patients FF. High-glutamine chow to elevate FF glutamine inhibits mouse GC apoptosis and induces hormonal, metabolic, and morphologic PCOS traits. Mechanistically, follicle-development-driving FSH promotes GC glutamine synthesis to elevate FF glutamine, which maintain follicle wall integrity by inhibiting GC apoptosis through inactivating ASK1-JNK apoptotic pathway. FSH and glutamine inhibit the rapture of cultured murine follicles. Glutamine removal or ASK1-JNK pathway activation with metformin or AT-101 reversed PCOS traits in PCOS models that are induced with either glutamine or EsR1 -KO. These suggest that glutamine, FSH, and ASK1-JNK pathway are targetable to alleviate PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels that leverage protein conformational changes are of significant interest in the design of dynamic materials applicable in a myriad of fields, such as drug delivery, actuators, biosensors, and microfluidics. The small calcium binding protein calmodulin (CaM), which undergoes three‐stage conformational changes upon successive binding with Ca2+ and specific ligands, offers a mechanism to create dynamic hydrogels with three distinct physical states. In this work, a CaM‐based recombinant protein hydrogel is engineered using [Ru(bpy)3]2+‐mediated photo‐crosslinking. This hydrogel displays the ability to reversibly increase its Young's modulus by 1.5‐fold and ∼7‐fold, respectively, upon binding with Ca2+ and subsequent interaction with trifluoperazine. The magnitude of stiffness changes is tunable by adjusting the length proportion of dynamic and static domains and modifying protein content. This tunable and reversible control over hydrogel mechanics is further utilized to engineer shape‐morphing materials, highlighting the versatile potential of this CaM‐based protein hydrogel for diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, Spencer, Goldstein, Sherman, et al. reported the promising effects of a supplemental, technology-assisted, storybook intervention (Tier 2) containing embedded instruction targeting the oral language learning of preschool children at risk for delays. We sought to advance knowledge of the intervention by replicating it in a new sample and examining children's responses to the narrator's instructional prompts and associations with learning outcomes. Results indicated that children were highly successful in responding with the narrator's task-management prompts (i.e., "turn the page"), particularly after the first book. Children were much less proficient in correctly responding to the narrator's word-teaching prompts (i.e., "say enormous"), but improved over additional storybooks. Exposure to the intervention accelerated children's weekly oral language learning, and effect sizes were comparable to those of Spencer et al. Children's increased word knowledge was positively correlated with their correct responding to the narrator's word-teaching prompts in particular. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [This report was published in "Elementary School Journal" (EJ1103957).]

Advancements in nanochemistry have led to the development of engineered gold nanostructures (GNSs) with remarkable potential for a variety of dental healthcare applications. These innovative nanomaterials offer unique properties and functionalities that can significantly improve dental diagnostics, treatment, and overall oral healthcare applications. This review provides an overview of the latest advancements in the design, synthesis, and application of GNSs for dental healthcare applications. Engineered GNSs have emerged as versatile tools, demonstrating immense potential across different aspects of dentistry, including enhanced imaging and diagnosis, prevention, bioactive coatings, and targeted treatment of oral diseases. Key highlights encompass the precise control over GNSs' size, crystal structure, shape, and surface functionalization, enabling their integration into sensing, imaging diagnostics, drug delivery systems, and regenerative therapies. GNSs, with their exceptional biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties, have demonstrated efficacy in combating dental caries, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and oral mucosal diseases. Additionally, they show great promise in the development of advanced sensing techniques for early diagnosis, such as nanobiosensor technology, while their role in targeted drug delivery, photothermal therapy, and immunomodulatory approaches has opened new avenues for oral cancer therapy. Challenges including long-term toxicity, biosafety, immune recognition, and personalized treatment are under rigorous investigation. As research at the intersection of nanotechnology and dentistry continues to thrive, this review highlights the transformative potential of engineered GNSs in revolutionizing dental healthcare, offering accurate, personalized, and minimally invasive solutions to address the oral health challenges of the modern era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]