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2. The InSight HP3 Penetrator (Mole) on Mars: Soil Properties Derived from the Penetration Attempts and Related Activities

Author

Spohn, T., Hudson, T. L., Marteau, E., Golombek, M., Grott, M., Wippermann, T., Ali, K. S., Schmelzbach, C., Kedar, S., Hurst, K., Trebi-Ollennu, A., Ansan, V., Garvin, J., Knollenberg, J., Müller, N., Piqueux, S., Lichtenheldt, R., Krause, C., Fantinati, C., Brinkman, N., Sollberger, D., Delage, P., Vrettos, C., Reershemius, S., Wisniewski, L., Grygorczuk, J., Robertsson, J., Edme, P., Andersson, F., Krömer, O., Lognonné, P., Giardini, D., Smrekar, S. E., and Banerdt, W. B.

Published
2022
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6. Studying ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays with the Tunka Radio Extension

Author

Fedorov, O. L., Bezyazeekov, P. A., Budnev, N. M., Wischnewski, R., Gress, O. A., Zagorodnikov, A., Kazarina, Y. A., Kleifges, M., Korosteleva, E. E., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmichev, L. A., Kungel, V., Lubsandorzhiev, N. B., Marshalkina, T. N., Mirgazov, R. R., Monkhoev, R. D., Osipova, E. A., Pankov, L. V., Pakhorukov, A. L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Hiller, R., Haungs, A., Huege, T., and Schröder, F. G.

Published
2017
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7. Search for patterns by combining cosmic-ray energy and arrival directions at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Aranda, V. M., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Almeida, R. M. de, Domenico, M. De, Jong, S. J. de, Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, Mitri, I. De, Oliveira, J. de, Souza, V. de, Peral, L. del, Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Giulio, C. Di, Matteo, A. Di, Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D’Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Hasankiadeh, Q. Dorosti, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., Gaior, R., García, B., Roca, S. T. Garcia, Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Bravo, A. Gascon, Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., LaHurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Coz, S. Le, Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Oliveira, M. A. Leigui de, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agüera, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martraire, D., Meza, J. J. Masías, Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Carvalho, W. Rodrigues de, Cabo, I. Rodriguez, Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, D., Schröder, F. G., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., kowski, A. Śmiał, Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Elipe, G. Torralba, Machado, D. Torres, Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., Aar, G. van, Bodegom, P. van, Berg, A. M. van den, Velzen, S. van, Vliet, A. van, Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Silva, M. Zimbres, Ziolkowski, M., and Zuccarello, F.

Published
2015
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9. Latest results of the Tunka Radio Extension

Author

Kostunin D., Bezyazeekov P.A., Budnev N.M., Fedorov O., Gress O.A., Haungs A., Hiller R., Huege T., Kazarina Y., Kleifges M., Korosteleva E.E., Krömer O., Kungel V., Kuzmichev L.A., Lubsandorzhiev N., Marshalkina T., Mirgazov R.R., Monkhoev R., Osipova E.A., Pakhorukov A., Pankov L., Prosin V.V., Rubtsov G.I., Schröder F.G., Wischnewski R., and Zagorodnikov A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is an antenna array consisting of 63 antennas at the location of the TAIGA facility (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) in Eastern Siberia, nearby Lake Baikal. Tunka-Rex is triggered by the air-Cherenkov array Tunka-133 during clear and moonless winter nights and by the scintillator array Tunka-Grande during the remaining time. Tunka-Rex measures the radio emission from the same air-showers as Tunka-133 and Tunka-Grande, but with a higher threshold of about 100 PeV. During the first stages of its operation, Tunka-Rex has proven, that sparse radio arrays can measure air-showers with an energy resolution of better than 15% and the depth of the shower maximum with a resolution of better than 40 g/cm2. To improve and interpret our measurements as well as to study systematic uncertainties due to interaction models, we perform radio simulations with CORSIKA and CoREAS. In this overview we present the setup of Tunka-Rex, discuss the achieved results and the prospects of mass-composition studies with radio arrays.

Published
2017
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10. Tunka-Rex: Status, Plans, and Recent Results

Author

Schröder F. G., Bezyazeekov P. A., Budnev N. M., Fedorov O., Gress O. A., Haungs A., Hiller R., Huege T., Kazarina Y., Kleifges M., Korosteleva E. E., Kostunin D., Krömer O., Kungel V., Kuzmichev L. A., Lubsandorzhiev N., Mirgazov R. R., Monkhoev R., Osipova E. A., Pakhorukov A., Pankov L., Prosin V.V, Rubtsov G. I., Wischnewski R., and Zagorodnikov A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Tunka-Rex, the Tunka Radio extension at the TAIGA facility (Tunka Advanced Instrument for cosmic ray physics and Gamma Astronomy) in Siberia, has recently been expanded to a total number of 63 SALLA antennas, most of them distributed on an area of one square kilometer. In the first years of operation, Tunka-Rex was solely triggered by the co-located air-Cherenkov array Tunka-133. The correlation of the measurements by both detectors has provided direct experimental proof that radio arrays can measure the position of the shower maximum. The precision achieved so far is 40 g/cm2, and several methodical improvements are under study. Moreover, the cross-comparison of Tunka-Rex and Tunka-133 shows that the energy reconstruction of Tunka-Rex is precise to 15 %, with a total accuracy of 20 % including the absolute energy scale. By using exactly the same calibration source for Tunka-Rex and LOPES, the energy scale of their host experiments, Tunka-133 and KASCADE-Grande, respectively, can be compared even more accurately with a remaining uncertainty of about 10 %. The main goal of Tunka-Rex for the next years is a study of the cosmic-ray mass composition in the energy range above 100 PeV: For this purpose, Tunka-Rex now is triggered also during daytime by the particle detector array Tunka-Grande featuring surface and underground scintillators for electron and muon detection.

Published
2017
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11. Tunka-Rex: energy reconstruction with a single antenna station

Author

Hiller R., Bezyazeekov P. A., Budnev N. M., Fedorov O., Gress O. A., Haungs A., Huege T., Kazarina Y., Kleifges M., Korosteleva E. E., Kostunin D., Krömer O., Kungel V., Kuzmichev L. A., Lubsandorzhiev N., Mirgazov R. R., Monkhoev R., Osipova E. A., Pakhorukov A., Pankov L., Prosin V. V., Rubtsov G. I., Schröder F. G., Wischnewski R., and Zagorodnikov A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The Tunka-Radio extension (Tunka-Rex) is a radio detector for air showers in Siberia. From 2012 to 2014, Tunka-Rex operated exclusively together with its host experiment, the air-Cherenkov array Tunka-133, which provided trigger, data acquisition, and an independent air-shower reconstruction. It was shown that the air-shower energy can be reconstructed by Tunka-Rex with a precision of 15% for events with signal in at least 3 antennas, using the radio amplitude at a distance of 120 m from the shower axis as an energy estimator. Using the reconstruction from the host experiment Tunka-133 for the air-shower geometry (shower core and direction), the energy estimator can in principle already be obtained with measurements from a single antenna, close to the reference distance. We present a method for event selection and energy reconstruction, requiring only one antenna, and achieving a precision of about 20%. This method increases the effective detector area and lowers thresholds for zenith angle and energy, resulting in three times more events than in the standard reconstruction.

Published
2017
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12. Towards a cosmic-ray mass-composition study at Tunka Radio Extension

Author

Kostunin D., Bezyazeekov P. A., Budnev N. M., Fedorov O., Gress O. A., Haungs A., Hiller R., Huege T, Kazarina Y, Kleifges M., Korosteleva E. E., Krömer O., Kungel V, Kuzmichev L. A., Lubsandorzhiev N., Mirgazov R. R., Monkhoev R., Osipova E. A., Pakhorukov A., Pankov L., Prosin V. V, Rubtsov G. I., Schröder F. G., Wischnewski R., and Zagorodnikov A.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is a radio detector at the TAIGA facility located in Siberia nearby the southern tip of Lake Baikal. Tunka-Rex measures air-showers induced by high-energy cosmic rays, in particular, the lateral distribution of the radio pulses. The depth of the air-shower maximum, statistically depends on the mass of the primary particle, is determined from the slope of the lateral distribution function (LDF). Using a model-independent approach, we have studied possible features of the one-dimensional slope method and tried to find improvements for the reconstruction of primary mass. To study the systematic uncertainties given by different primary particles, we have performed simulations using the CONEX and CoREAS software packages of the recently released CORSIKA v7.5 including the modern high-energy hadronic models QGSJet-II.04 and EPOS-LHC. The simulations have shown that the largest systematic uncertainty in the energy deposit is due to the unknown primary particle. Finally, we studied the relation between the polarization and the asymmetry of the LDF.

Published
2017
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13. The InSight HP³ Penetrator (Mole) on Mars: Soil Properties Derived From the Penetration Attempts and Related Activities

Author

Spohn, Tilman, Hudson, Troy L., Marteau, Eloïse, Golombek, Matthew, Grott, Matthias, Wippermann, Torben, Ali, Khaled S., Schmelzbach, Cédric, Kedar, Sharon, Hurst, Kenneth, Trebi-Ollennu, Ashitey, Ansan, Véronique, Garvin, James, Knollenberg, Jörg, Müller, N., Piqueux, Sylvain, Lichtenheldt, Roy, Krause, Christian, Fantinati, Cinzia, Brinkman, Nienke, Sollberger, David, Delage, Pierre, Vrettos, Christos, Reershemius, Siebo, Wisniewski, Lukasz, Grygorczuk, Jurek, Robertsson, Johan O.A., Edme, Pascal, Andersson, Fredrik, Krömer, O., Lognonné, Philippe, Giardini, Domenico, Smrekar, Suz̀anne E., and Banerdt, William B.

Subjects
record of operating a penetrator on Mars, martian soil mechanical and thermal properties, Homestead Hollow near surface structure
Abstract

The NASA InSight Lander on Mars includes the Heat Flow and Physical Properties Package HP3 to measure the surface heat flow of the planet. The package uses temperature sensors that would have been brought to the target depth of 3--5 m by a small penetrator, nicknamed the mole. The mole requiring friction on its hull to balance remaining recoil from its hammer mechanism did not penetrate to the targeted depth. Instead, by precessing about a point midway along its hull, it carved a 7 cm deep and 5-6 cm wide pit and reached a depth of initially 31 cm. The root cause of the failure - as was determined through an extensive, almost two years long campaign - was a lack of friction in an unexpectedly thick cohesive duricrust. During the campaign -- described in detail in this paper -- the mole penetrated further aided by friction applied using the scoop at the end of the robotic Instrument Deployment Arm and by direct support by the latter. The mole finally reached a depth of 40 cm, bringing the mole body 1--2 cm below the surface. The penetration record of the mole and its thermal sensors were used to measure thermal and mechanical soil parameters such as the thermal conductivity and the penetration resistance of the duricrust and its cohesion. The hammerings of the mole were recorded by the seismometer SEIS and the signals could be used to derive a P-wave velocity and a S-wave velocity and elastic moduli representative of the topmost tens of cm of the regolith. The combined data were used to derive a model of the regolith that has an about 20 cm thick duricrust underneath a 1 cm thick unconsolidated layer of sand mixed with dust and above another 10 cm of unconsolidated sand. Underneath the latter, a layer more resistant to penetration and possibly consisting of debris from a small impact crater is inferred., arXiv

Published
2021
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14. Detection and imaging of atmospheric radio flashes from cosmic ray air showers

Author

Falcke, H., Apel, W. D., Badea, A. F., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buitink, S., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Bruyn, A. G., de Vos, C. M., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K.-H., Kant, G. W., Klein, U., Kolotaev, Y., Koopman, Y., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Maier, G., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Obenland, R., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Pepping, H. J., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Schoonderbeek, G., Sima, O., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., Valchierotti, S., van Buren, J., van Cappellen, W., Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wijnholds, S., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J. A., and Zimmermann, D.

Published
2005

15. Radar reflection off extensive air showers

Author

Werner F., Wilczyński H., Weber M., Unger M., Šmída R., Schieler H., Salamida F., Riegel M., Roth M., Rautenberg J., Pekala J., Neunteufel P., Ludwig M., Mathys S., Kleifges M., Krömer O., Klages H., Kampert K.-H., Huege T., Haungs A., Engel R., Chiavassa A., Blümer J., Bertaina M., Baur S., Stasielak J., and Wochele J.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We investigate the possibility of detecting extensive air showers by the radar technique. Considering a bistatic radar system and different shower geometries, we simulate reflection of radio waves off the static plasma produced by the shower in the air. Using the Thomson cross-section for radio wave reflection, we obtain the time evolution of the signal received by the antennas. The frequency upshift of the radar echo and the power received are studied to verify the feasibility of the radar detection technique.

Published
2013
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16. Observation of microwave emission from extensive air showers with CROME

Author

Wilczyński H., Werner F., Weber M., Unger M., Stasielak J., Schieler H., Salamida F., Riegel M., Roth M., Rautenberg J., Pekala J., Neunteufel P., Mathys S., Ludwig M., Krömer O., Kleifges M., Kampert K.-H., Klages H., Huege T., Haungs A., Engel R., Chiavassa A., Blümer J., Bertaina M., Baur S., Šmída R., and Wochele J.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We report on the measurement of microwave radio signals from air showers with the CROME (Cosmic Ray Observation via Microwave Emission) experiment. CROME is located in the center of the KASCADE-Grande air shower array. The radio signals of the CROME antennas are stored for each high-energy trigger from the KASCADE-Grande array and matched offine with the KASCADE-Grande data. After almost one year of data taking microwave signals have been observed for more than ten air showers.

Published
2013
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17. Measurement of the muon production depths at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Blazek, J., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hemery, N., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A. W., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. B. B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., C, Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten b, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson a, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., BLEVE, Carla, COLUCCIA, MARIA RITA, DE MITRI, Ivan, MARSELLA, GIOVANNI, MARTELLO, Daniele, PERRONE, Lorenzo, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Blazek, J., Bleve, Carla, Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hemery, N., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A. W., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. B. B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten b, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson a, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, and Colalillo, Roberta

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Auger, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics and Astronomy (all), Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, muon production depth, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Zenith, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Observable, Muon collider, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The muon content of extensive air showers is an observable sensitive to the primary composition and to the hadronic interaction properties. The Pierre Auger Observatory uses water-Cherenkov detectors to measure particle densities at the ground and therefore is sensitive to the muon content of air showers. We present here a method which allows us to estimate the muon production depths by exploiting the measurement of the muon arrival times at the ground recorded with the Surface Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The analysis is performed in a large range of zenith angles, thanks to the capability of estimating and subtracting the electromagnetic component, and for energies between $10^{19.2}$ and $10^{20}$ eV., Published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Added Report Number

Published
2016

18. Erratum: Muons in air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory: Measurement of atmospheric production depth (Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology (2014) 90 (012012)

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fuji, T., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia Roca, S. T., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Gascon Bravo, A., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guardincerri, Y., Guedes, G. P., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Islo, K., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, A. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Cabo, I., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., ͆miałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Thao, N. T., Theodoro, V. M., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Van Aar, G., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, M., COLALILLO, ROBERTA, GUARINO, FAUSTO, VALORE, LAURA, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, Roberta, Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Jong, S. J., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fuji, T., Gaior, R., García, B., Garcia Roca, S. T., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Gascon Bravo, A., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Islo, K., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, A. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Cabo, I., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., ͆miałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Thao, N. T., Theodoro, V. M., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, Laura, Van Aar, G., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Zimbres Silva, M., and Ziolkowski, M.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous)
Published
2015

19. Latest results of the Tunka Radio Extension

Author

Tunka-REX Collaboration, Kostunin, D., Bezyazeekov, P. A., Budnev, N. M., Fedorov, O., Gress, O. A., Haungs, A., Hiller, R., Huege, T., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Korosteleva, E. E., Krömer, O., Kungel, V., Kuzmichev, L. A., Lubsandorzhiev, N., Marshalkina, T., Mirgazov, R. R., Monkhoev, R., Osipova, E. A., Pakhorukov, A., Pankov, L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Schröder, F. G., Wischnewski, R., Zagorodnikov, A., and Pattison, B.

Subjects
Physics, ddc:530
Published
2017

20. Radio measurements of the energy and the depth of the shower maximum of cosmic-ray air showers by Tunka-Rex

Author

Bezyazeekov, P. A., Budnev, N. M., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmichev, L. A., Lubsandorzhiev, N., Mirgazov, R. R., Monkhoev, R., Pakhorukov, A., Pankov, L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Gress, O. A., Schröder, F. G., Wischnewski, R., Zagorodnikov, A., Tunka-Rex Collaboration, Haungs, A., Hiller, R., Huege, T., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Konstantinov, E. N., and Korosteleva, E. E.

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, air, splitting, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ultra high energy cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, relativistic [electron], numerical calculations, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Absolute scale, Monte Carlo, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, photomultiplier, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, resolution, Astronomy and Astrophysics, showers, calibration, Computational physics, moment, Amplitude, cosmic radiation, correlation, Moment (physics), atmosphere, cosmic rays detectors, cosmic ray experiments, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We reconstructed the energy and the position of the shower maximum of air showers with energies $E \gtrsim 100 $PeV applying a method using radio measurements performed with Tunka-Rex. An event-to-event comparison to air-Cherenkov measurements of the same air showers with the Tunka-133 photomultiplier array confirms that the radio reconstruction works reliably. The Tunka-Rex reconstruction methods and absolute scales have been tuned on CoREAS simulations and yield energy and $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ values consistent with the Tunka-133 measurements. The results of two independent measurement seasons agree within statistical uncertainties, which gives additional confidence in the radio reconstruction. The energy precision of Tunka-Rex is comparable to the Tunka-133 precision of $15 %$, and exhibits a $20 %$ uncertainty on the absolute scale dominated by the amplitude calibration of the antennas. For $X_{\mathrm{max}}$, this is the first direct experimental correlation of radio measurements with a different, established method. At the moment, the $X_{\mathrm{max}}$ resolution of Tunka-Rex is approximately $40 $g/cm$^2$. This resolution can probably be improved by deploying additional antennas and by further development of the reconstruction methods, since the present analysis does not yet reveal any principle limitations., Comment: accepted for publication by JCAP

Published
2016
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21. The Pierre Auger Observatory Upgrade - Preliminary Design Report

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., AGLIETTA, MARCO, Ahn, E. J., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., CASTELLINA, ANTONELLA, Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fuchs, B., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., GORGI, Alessio, Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hemery, N., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., LaHurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariș, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. B. B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., MESSINA, Sergio, Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., RIGGI, Simone, Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., SEGRETO, ALBERTO, Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zhu, Y., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zong, Z., and Zuccarello, Francesca

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory has begun a major Upgrade of its already impressive capabilities, with an emphasis on improved mass composition determination using the surface detectors of the Observatory. Known as AugerPrime, the upgrade will include new 4 m$^2$ plastic scintillator detectors on top of all 1660 water-Cherenkov detectors, updated and more flexible surface detector electronics, a large array of buried muon detectors, and an extended duty cycle for operations of the fluorescence detectors. This Preliminary Design Report was produced by the Collaboration in April 2015 as an internal document and information for funding agencies. It outlines the scientific and technical case for AugerPrime. We now release it to the public via the arXiv server. We invite you to review the large number of fundamental results already achieved by the Observatory and our plans for the future.

Published
2016

22. The Tunka radio extension (Tunka-Rex): Radio measurements of cosmic rays in Siberia

Author

Schröder, F. G., Bezyazeekov, P. A., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O. A., Haungs, A., Hiller, R., Huege, T., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Konstantinov, E. N., Korosteleva, E. E., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmichev, L. A., Lubsandorzhiev, N., Mirgazov, R. R., Monkhoev, R., Pakhorukov, A., Pankov, L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Wischnewski, R., and Zagorodnikov, A.

Subjects
cosmic radiation: primary, observatory, radio wave, photomultiplier, air, statistics, site, Cherenkov, showers, Baikal, scintillation counter
Abstract

Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research / A 824, 652 - 654(2016). doi:10.1016/j.nima.2015.08.075, The Tunka observatory is located close to Lake Baikal in Siberia, Russia. Its main detector, Tunka-133, is an array of photomultipliers measuring Cherenkov light of air showers initiated by cosmic rays in the energy range of approximately 10$^{16}$−10$^{18}$ eV. In the last years, several extensions have been built at the Tunka site, e.g., a scintillator array named Tunka-Grande, a sophisticated air-Cherenkov-detector prototype named HiSCORE, and the radio extension Tunka-Rex. Tunka-Rex started operation in October 2012 and currently features 44 antennas distributed over an area of about 3km$^2$ , which measure the radio emission of the same air showers detected by Tunka-133 and Tunka-Grande. Tunka-Rex is a technological demonstrator that the radio technique can provide an economic extension of existing air-shower arrays. The main scientific goal is the cross-calibration with the air-Cherenkov measurements. By this cross-calibration, the precision for the reconstruction of the energy and mass of the primary cosmic-ray particles can be determined. Finally, Tunka-Rex can be used for cosmic-ray physics at energies close to 1 EeV, where the standard Tunka-133 analysis is limited by statistics. In contrast to the air-Cherenkov measurements, radio measurements are not limited to dark, clear nights and can provide an order of magnitude larger exposure., Published by North-Holland Publ. Co., Amsterdam

Published
2016
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24. Radio measurements of the energy and the depth of the shower maximum of cosmic-ray air showers by Tunka-Rex

Author

Bezyazeekov, P. A., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O. A., Haungs, A., Hiller, R., Huege, T., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Konstantinov, E. N., Korosteleva, E. E., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmichev, L. A., Lubsandorzhiev, N., Mirgazov, R. R., Monkhoev, R., Pakhorukov, A., Pankov, L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Schröder, F. G., Wischnewski, R., and Zagorodnikov, A.

Subjects
photomultiplier, air, splitting, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, resolution, electron: relativistic, showers, calibration, moment, cosmic radiation, correlation, atmosphere, numerical calculations, Monte Carlo
Abstract

Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics 1601(01), 052 (2016). doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2016/01/052, We reconstructed the energy and the position of the shower maximum of air showers with energies E gtrsim 100 PeV applying a method using radio measurements performed with Tunka-Rex. An event-to-event comparison to air-Cherenkov measurements of the same air showers with the Tunka-133 photomultiplier array confirms that the radio reconstruction works reliably. The Tunka-Rex reconstruction methods and absolute scales have been tuned on CoREAS simulations and yield energy and X(max) values consistent with the Tunka-133 measurements. The results of two independent measurement seasons agree within statistical uncertainties, which gives additional confidence in the radio reconstruction. The energy precision of Tunka-Rex is comparable to the Tunka-133 precision of 15%, and exhibits a 20% uncertainty on the absolute scale dominated by the amplitude calibration of the antennas. For X(max), this is the first direct experimental correlation of radio measurements with a different, established method. At the moment, the X(max) resolution of Tunka-Rex is approximately 40 g/cm(2). This resolution can probably be improved by deploying additional antennas and by further development of the reconstruction methods, since the present analysis does not yet reveal any principle limitations., Published by IOP, London

Published
2015

25. The amplitude calibration of the TUNKA radio extension (Tunka-Rex)

Author

Hiller, R., Bezyazeekov, P. A., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O. A., Haungs, A., Huege, T., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Konstantinov, E. N., Korosteleva, E. E., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmichev, L. A., Miragazov, R. R., Pankov, L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Rühle, C., Savinov, V., Schröder, F. G., Wischnewski, R., and Zagorodnikov, A.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ddc:530, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Tunka-Rex is an experiment for the radio detection of cosmic-ray air showers in Siberia. It consists of 25 radio antennas, distributed over an area of 1 km2. It is co-located with Tunka-133, an air-Cherenkov detector for cosmic-ray air showers. Triggered by Tunka-133, Tunka-Rex records the radio signal, emitted by air showers with energies above 1017 eV. Its goal is to probe the capabilities of a radio detector, especially for the determination of the energy and elemental composition of cosmic ray primaries. To compare the measurements of Tunka-Rex to other radio detectors or to models describing the radio emission, the radio signal in each station has to be reconstructed in terms of physical units. Therefore, all hardware components have to be calibrated. We show how the calibration is performed and compare it to simulations.

Published
2015
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26. Calibration of the absolute amplitude scale of the tunka radio extension (Tunka-Rex)

Author

Tunka-REX Collaboration, Hiller, R., Bezyazeekov, P. A., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O. A., Haungs, A., Huege, T., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Konstantinov, E. N., Korosteleva, E. E., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmichev, L. A., Lubsandorzhiev, N., Mirgazov, R. R., Monkhoev, R., Pakhorukov, A., Pankov, L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Schröder, F. G., Wischnewski, R., and Zagorodnikov, A.

Subjects
Physics, ddc:530
Published
2015

27. Status and First Results of Tunka-rex, an Experiment for the Radio Detection of Air Showers

Author

Hiller, R., Budnev, N. M., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmichev, L. A., Mirgazov, R. R., Pankov, L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Rühle, C., Schröder, F. G., Wischnewski, R., Gress, O. A., Zagorodnikov, A., Tunka-Rex Collaboration, Haungs, A., Huege, T., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Konstantinov, A., Konstantinov, E. N., and Korosteleva, E. E.

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, General Medicine, Scintillator, Physics and Astronomy(all), Radio, Tunka-Rex, Data acquisition, Earth's magnetic field, cosmic rays, Observatory, Scintillation counter, extensive air showers, ddc:530, Tunka, Remote sensing
Abstract

Tunka-Rex is a new radio detector for extensive air showers from cosmic rays, built in 2012 as an extension to Tunka-133. The latter is a non-imaging air-Cherenkov detector, located near Lake Baikal, Siberia. With its 25 radio antennas, Tunka-Rex extends over an area of 1 km2 with a spacing of 200 m and therefore is expected to be sensitive to an primary energy range of approximately 1017-1018 eV. Using Trigger and DAQ from Tunka-133, this setup allows for a hybrid analysis with the air-Cherenkov and radio technique combined. The main goals of Tunka-Rex are to investigate the achievable precision in the reconstruction of energy and composition of the primary cosmic rays by cross-calibrating to the well understood air-Cherenkov detector. While the focus in the first season was to understand the detector and calibrate the detector, an early analysis already proves the detection of air-shower events with dependencies on energy and arrival direction as expected from a geomagnetic emission mechanism. Furthermore, in near future tests will be conducted for a joint operation of Tunka-Rex with Tunka-HiSCORE, a prototype gamma ray observatory at the same site, and the upcoming scintillator extension of Tunka-133.

Published
2015
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28. Reconstruction of inclined air showers detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Samarai, I. Al, Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Castillo, J. Alvarez, Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Batista, R. Alves, Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., de Jong, S. J., Neto, J. R. T. de Mello, De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Castro, M. L. Díaz, Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Hasankiadeh, Q. Dorosti, Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Luis, P. Facal San, Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fernandes, M., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fox, B. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Fuji, T., Gaior, R., García, B., Roca, S. T. Garcia, Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Bravo, A. Gascon, Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Albarracin, F. Gomez, Berisso, M. Gómez, Vitale, P. F. Gómez, Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Islo, K., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., LaHurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Coz, S. Le, Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., de Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Agëra, A. Lopez, Louedec, K., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Bravo, O. Martínez, Martraire, D., Meza, J. J. Masías, Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, A. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Meyhandan, R., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Ragaigne, D. Monnier, Montanet, F., Morello, C., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Newton, D., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Ochilo, L., Olinto, A., Oliveira, M., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Selmi-Dei, D. Pakk, Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Purrello, V., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., de Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Cabo, I. Rodriguez, Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Rojo, J. Rodriguez, Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Greus, F. Salesa, Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., kowski, A. Śmiał, Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Thao, N. T., Theodoro, V. M., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Peixoto, C. J. Todero, Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Elipe, G. Torralba, Machado, D. Torres, Travnicek, P., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Galicia, J. F. Valdés, Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., Berg, A. M. van den, van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Cárdenas, B. Vargas, Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Silva, M. Zimbres, Ziolkowski, M., Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), PIERRE AUGER, European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E., Ahn, I. A., Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A. k., Almela, J. A., Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R. A., Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L. c., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, C., Aramo, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A., Badescu, K., Barber, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J., Beatty, K., Becker, J., Bellido, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, Bleve, Carla, H. a., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, M., Buscemi, K. b., Cl, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A., Chavez, S., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, R., Colalillo, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, M., Cooper, S., Coutu, C., Covault, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R. a., Dallier, B., Danie, S. e., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B., Dawson, R. D., Almeida, M. D., Domenico, S. b., Bj, J. D., Mello, DE MITRI, Ivan, J. D., Oliveira, V. D., Souza, L. D., Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C. D., Giulio, A. D., Matteo, J., Diaz, M. D., Castro, P., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J., D'Olivo, P. c., Dong, A., Dorofeev, Q. D., Hasankiadeh, M., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. c., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A. k., Etchegoyen, P. F., San, H. b., Bj, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J., Figueira, A., Filevich, A. b., Filipčič, B., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, T., Fuji, R., Gaior, B., García, S. G., Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A. G., Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, F. G., Albarracin, M. G., Berisso, P. G., Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S. b., Grebe, N., Griffth, A., Grillo, T., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T., Harrison, J., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A., Herve, G., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P. b., Homola, J. b., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M. a., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P., Isar, K., Islo, I., Jandt, S. b., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., Kääpä, O., Kambeitz, K., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Ke, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R., Kieckhafer, H., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G. L., Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S. L., Coz, M., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. L., De, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A. L., Agüera, K., Louedec, J. L., Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M., Maccarone, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I., Mari, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L. a., Martin, H., Martinez, O. M., Bravo, D., Martraire, J. M., Meza, H., Mathe, S., Mathy, A., Matthew, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D. M., Ragaigne, F., Montanet, C., Morello, J., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C., Moura, M. u., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A. b., Nelle, J., Neuser, D. c., Newton, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, V., Novotny, L., Nožka, L., Ochilo, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, V., Olmos Gilbaja, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D. P., Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, P., Papenbreer, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T. c., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pȩkala, R., Pelayo, I., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, C., Peter, S. a., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, A., Porcelli, C., Porowski, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, V., Purrello, E., Que, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S. b., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W. R., De, I. R., Cabo, G. b., Rodriguez, J. R., Rojo, M., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, E., Roulet, A., Rovero, C., Rühle, S., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F. S., Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C., Santo, E., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H. b., Cn, P., Schovánek, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, S., Sciutto, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmialkowski, R., Śmída, G., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, R., Squartini, Y., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A., Supanitsky, M., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, O., Taborda, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, N., Thao, V., Theodoro, J., Tiffenberg, C. b., Timmerman, C. T., Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G. T., Elipe, D. T., Machado, P., Travnicek, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. V., Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G. V., Aar, A. V., Den, S. V., Velzen, A. V., Vliet, E., Varela, B. V., Cárdena, G., Varner, J., Vázquez, R., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, B., Vlcek, S., Vorobiov, H., Wahlberg, O. k., Wainberg, D., Walz, A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, B., Whelan, A., Widom, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, D., Wittkowski, B., Wundheiler, S., Wyke, T. c., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano, E., Za, D. b., Zavrtanik, M. b., Zavrtanik, I. c., Zaw, A. c., Zepeda, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M. Z., Silva, M., Ziolkowski, The Pierre Augur, Collaboration, Aramo, Carla, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, Colalillo, Roberta, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay ( IPNO ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie ( LPSC ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes ( SUBATECH ), Mines Nantes ( Mines Nantes ) -Université de Nantes ( UN ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay ( USN ), Observatoire de Paris-Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), European Project : 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET ( 2011 ), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA )

Subjects
Astrofísica, Astronomy, Ciencias Físicas, 01 natural sciences, ultra high energy cosmic ray, High Energy Physics - Experiment, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], ENERGY, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), EXPERIMENTS, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], HIGH, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Pierre Auger Observatory, Cascade, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Normalization (statistics), [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], COSMIC, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, [ PHYS.HEXP ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], 0103 physical sciences, Energy spectrum, 010306 general physics, ULTRA, Zenith, Shower reconstruction, Muon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [ PHYS.ASTR.HE ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], Ultra-high energy cosmic rays, RAYS, Computational physics, Astronomía, Inclined extensive air showers, Experimental High Energy Physics, cosmic ray experiments, [ SDU.ASTR.HE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We describe the method devised to reconstruct inclined cosmic-ray air showers with zenith angles greater than $60^\circ$ detected with the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The measured signals at the ground level are fitted to muon density distributions predicted with atmospheric cascade models to obtain the relative shower size as an overall normalization parameter. The method is evaluated using simulated showers to test its performance. The energy of the cosmic rays is calibrated using a sub-sample of events reconstructed with both the fluorescence and surface array techniques. The reconstruction method described here provides the basis of complementary analyses including an independent measurement of the energy spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays using very inclined events collected by the Pierre Auger Observatory., 27 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP)

Published
2014
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29. Origin of atmospheric aerosols at the Pierre Auger Observatory using studies of air mass trajectories in South America

Author

Aab, A., Abreu, P., Alvarez Castillo, J., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D’Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J. C., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Ambrosio, M., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Foerster, N., Fox, B. D., Aminaei, A., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Garcia Roca, S. T., Anchordoqui, L., Garcia-Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Gascon Bravo, A., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Gitto, J., Glaser, C., Andringa, S., Glass, H., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Antičić, T., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Aramo, C., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Arqueros, F., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jarne, C., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Asorey, H., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Aglietta, M., Assis, P., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., LaHurd, D., Aublin, J., Latronico, L., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Ave, M., Link, K., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Avenier, M., Malacari, M., Maldera, S., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marquez Falcon, H. R., Marsella, G., Avila, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Badescu, A. M., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Barber, K. B., Meyhandan, R., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina-Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Bardenet, R., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Bäuml, J., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Baus, C., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Ahlers, M., Beatty, J. J., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Becker, K. H., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Bellido, J. A., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Pontz, M., Porcelli, A., Preda, T., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., BenZvi, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Berat, C., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Cabo, I., Rodriguez Fernandez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Bertou, X., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-d’Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Biermann, P. L., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Billoir, P., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Blanco, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Bleve, C., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Straub, M., Stutz, A., Ahn, E. J., Blümer, H., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Boháčová, M., Taşcău, O., Thao, N. T., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Bonifazi, C., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Bonino, R., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van den Berg, A. M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Borodai, N., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Brack, J., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Brancus, I., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Brogueira, P., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Zimbres Silva, M., Curci, G., Brown, W. C., Pierre Auger Collaboration, Alves Batista, R., Blanco, F., Boncioli, D., Jansen, S., Katkov, I., Knapp, J., Lauer, R., Martin, L., Müller, L., Buchholz, P., Oliveira, M., Sato, R., Schmidt, A., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Stephan, M., Weber, M., Ziolkowski, M., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Bueno, A., Buscemi, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Allekotte, I., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. 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D., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Research unit Astroparticle Physics, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. 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O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mariş, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P. O., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, B., Mitrica, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, T., Niggemann, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Oliveira, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pȩkala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, T., Preda, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, I., Rodriguez Cabo, G., Rodriguez Fernandez, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d’Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, S. J., Saffi, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., Sánchez, P., Sanchez Luca, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, R., Sarmento, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, P., Schovánek, F. G., Schröder, A., Schulz, J., Schulz, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanič, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, M., Straub, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, N. T., Thao, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, G., Torralba Elipe, D., Torres Machado, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, S., van Velzen, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, G., Varner, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. 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D., Rodr?guez Fr?a, B., Rouill? d?Orfeuil, C., R?hle, F., S?nchez, V., Scherini, P., Schov?nek, F. G., Schr?der, A., ?mia?kowski, R., ?m?da, S., Stani?, T., Suomij?rvi, T., ?u?a, O., Ta?c?u, B., Tom?, J. F., Vald?s Galicia, I., Vali?o, Valore, Laura, B., Vargas C?rdena, J. R., V?zquez, R. A., V?zquez, D., Veberi?, L., Villase?or, B., Wilczy?ska, and H., Wilczy?ski

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, aerosol, Astronomy, Observatories, Aerosol concentration, Air pollution, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, medicine.disease_cause, Aerosols, Atmospheric aerosols, Augers, Cosmic rays, Observatories, Aerosol concentration, Aerosol optical depths, Air mass, Atmospheric effects, GDAS, HYSPLIT, Pierre Auger observatory, Ultra high-energy cosmic rays, Meteorology, aerosol property, air mass, concentration (composition), optical depth, trajectory, urban area, urban atmosphere, Argentina, 01 natural sciences, optical depth, Observatory, 11. Sustainability, ddc:550, Meteorologia, Augers, media_common, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, concentration (composition), [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], urban atmosphere, Atmospheric effects, GDAS, Atmospheric aerosols, cosmic ray, air masses, atmospheric effect, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, trajectory, Climatology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, HYSPLIT, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Pollution, aerosol property, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], media_common.quotation_subject, FOS: Physical sciences, Atmósfera, Atmosphere, cosmic rays, medicine, Aerosol optical depths, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Ciencias Exactas, Air mass, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aerosols, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], Pierre Auger Observatory, Física, ASTROFÍSICA, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Aerosol, 13. Climate action, Experimental High Energy Physics, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph), Pierre Auger observatory, Ultra high-energy cosmic rays, urban area
Abstract

The Pierre Auger Observatory is making significant contributions towards understanding the nature and origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. One of its main challenges is the monitoring of the atmosphere, both in terms of its state variables and its optical properties. The aim of this work is to analyze aerosol optical depth $\tau_{\rm a}(z)$ values measured from 2004 to 2012 at the observatory, which is located in a remote and relatively unstudied area of the Pampa Amarilla, Argentina. The aerosol optical depth is in average quite low - annual mean $\tau_{\rm a}(3.5~{\rm km})\sim 0.04$ - and shows a seasonal trend with a winter minimum - $\tau_{\rm a}(3.5~{\rm km})\sim 0.03$ -, and a summer maximum - $\tau_{\rm a}(3.5~{\rm km})\sim 0.06$ -, and an unexpected increase from August to September - $\tau_{\rm a}(3.5~{\rm km})\sim 0.055$). We computed backward trajectories for the years 2005 to 2012 to interpret the air mass origin. Winter nights with low aerosol concentrations show air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean. Average concentrations are affected by continental sources (wind-blown dust and urban pollution), while the peak observed in September and October could be linked to biomass burning in the northern part of Argentina or air pollution coming from surrounding urban areas., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, accepted in Atmospheric Research journal

Published
2014
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30. Reconstructing energy and Xmax of cosmic ray air showers using the radio lateral distribution measured with LOPES

Author

Apel, W. D., Arteaga, J. C., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Chiavassa, A., Daumiller, K., de Souza, V., Di Pierro, F., Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Fuchs, B., Fuhrmann, D., Gemmeke, H., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huber, D., Huege, T., Isar, P. G., Kampert, K. H., Kang, D., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Link, K., Łuczak, P., Ludwig, M., Mathes, H. J., Melissas, M., Morello, C., Oehlschläger, J., Palmieri, N., Pierog, T., Rautenberg, J., Rebel, H., Roth, M., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Schieler, H., Schmid, A., Schröder, F. G., Sima, O., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Wommer, M., Zabierowski, J., and Zensus, J. A.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, LOPES, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Digital radio, Computational physics, Interferometry, Distribution function, Air shower, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Noise (radio), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

The LOPES experiment, a digital radio interferometer located at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), obtained remarkable results for the detection of radio emission from extensive air showers at MHz frequencies. Features of the radio lateral distribution function (LDF) measured by LOPES are explored in this work for a precise reconstruction of two fundamental air shower parameters: the primary energy and the shower Xmax. The method presented here has been developed on (REAS3-)simulations, and is applied to LOPES measurements. Despite the high human-made noise at the LOPES site, it is possible to reconstruct both the energy and Xmax for individual events. On the one hand, the energy resolution is promising and comparable to the one of the co-located KASCADE-Grande experiment. On the other hand, Xmax values are reconstructed with the LOPES measurements with a resolution of 90 g/cm2 . A precision on Xmax better than 30 g/cm2 is predicted and achievable in a region with a lower human-made noise level., 9 pages, 5 figures, Proceedings ARENA 2012

Published
2013

31. Interpretation of the depths of maximum of extensive air showers measured by the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahlers, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antiči'C, T., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Badescu, A. M., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, Raffaella, Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buroker, L., Burton, R. E., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, Rosanna, Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, Andrea, Chinellato, J. A., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M., De Donato, C., de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W. J. M., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Souza, V., de Vries, K. D., del Peral, L., del Río, M., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diep, P. N., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J. C., Dova, M. T., D'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fratu, O., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., Garcia Roca, S. T., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Garilli, G., Gascon Bravo, A., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Giller, M., Gitto, J., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. H., Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lu, L., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Marquez Falcon, H. R., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurel, D., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, Ezio, Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Messina, S., Meurer, C., Meyhandan, R., Mi'Canovi'C, S., Micheletti, M. I., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pe¸kala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Pfendner, C., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Porcelli, A., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Cabo, I., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Silva Lopez, H. H., Sima, O., 'Smiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Tcaciuc, R., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, Aurelio Siro, Torralba Elipe, G., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van den Berg, A. M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Werner, F., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Widom, A., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano Garcia, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zhou, J., Zhu, Y., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, M., Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), PIERRE AUGER, Centro Nacional de Física de Partículas, Astropartículas y Nuclear (España), European Commission, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman f, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn i, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel!, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pękala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, G., Rodriguez, I., Rodriguez Cabo, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., SÃ! ¡nchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schröder, S., Schulte, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, H. H., Silva Lopez, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano Garcia, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw h, A., Zepeda b, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M., Ziolkowski, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S.L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, J. Coppen, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello Junior, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D'Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel!, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Gla, M.S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mari, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. SÃ! ¡nchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H.H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda b, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, Colalillo, Roberta, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, KVI - Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Ciencias Físicas, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, ultra high energy cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, ultra high energy cosmic ray, Interpretation (model theory), purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, PARTICLES, 010306 general physics, Dispersion (water waves), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, COMPOSICIÓN DE MASA, EXPERIMENTO AUGER, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Observable, ASTROFÍSICA, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], RAYOS COSMICOS, Astronomía, ENERGY COSMIC-RAYS, MODEL, Distribution (mathematics), Air shower, Particles, Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays, Experimental High Energy Physics, SIMULATION, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Energy cosmic-rays, Física nuclear, cosmic ray experiments, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Simulation, Model
Abstract

To interpret the mean depth of cosmic ray air shower maximum and its dispersion, we parametrize those two observables as functions of the first two moments of the ln A distribution. We examine the goodness of this simple method through simulations of test mass distributions. The application of the parameterization to Pierre Auger Observatory data allows one to study the energy dependence of the mean ln A and of its variance under the assumption of selected hadronic interaction models. We discuss possible implications of these dependences in term of interaction models and astrophysical cosmic ray sources., The successful installation, commissioning, and operation of the Pierre Auger Observatory would not have been possible without the strong commitment and effort from the technical and administrative staff in Malargüe.

Published
2013
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32. The Tunka-Rex antenna station (ICRC 201)

Author

Hiller, R., Budnev, N. M., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmichev, L. A., Mirgazov, R. R., Pankov, L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Rühle, C., Schröder, F. G., Svetnitsky, E., Gress, O. A., Wischnewski, R., Zagorodnikov, A., Haungs, A., Huege, T., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Konstantinov, A., Konstantinov, E. N., and Korosteleva, E. E.

Abstract

Tunka-Rex is the radio extension of Tunka-133, a 1 km^2 air-Cherenkov Detector for air showers in Siberia. Tunka-Rex began operation on October 8th 2012 with 20 radio antennas. Its main goals are to explore the possible precision of the radio detection technique in determination of primary energy and mass. Each radio antenna station consists of two perpendicular aligned active SALLA antennas, which receive the radio signal from air showers. The preamplified radio signal is transmitted to local cluster centers of the Tunka-133 DAQ, where it is filtered, amplified and digitized. To reconstruct the radio signal it is crucial to understand how it is affected in each of these steps. Thus, we have studied the combined response of the antenna, with its directional pattern and the analog electronics chain, consisting of a Low-Noise Amplifier and a filter amplifier. We discuss the hardware setup of Tunka-Rex and how a description of its response is obtained. Furthermore, we estimate systematic uncertainties on the reconstructed radio signal due to hardware effects (e.g., slight variations of the electronics properties). Finally, we present background measurements with the actual Tunka-Rex antennas.

Published
2013

33. Results of a self-triggered prototype system for radio-detection of extensive air showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Acounis, S, Charrier, D, Garçon, T, Rivière, C, Stassi, P, Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahlers, M, Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Allison, P, Almela, A, Alvarezcastillo, J, Alvarez Muñiz, J, Alves Batista, R, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Antičić, T, Aramo, C, Arqueros, F, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avenier, M, Avila, G, Badescu, A. M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R, Baughman, B, Bäuml, J, Baus, C, Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A, Bellido, J. A., Benzvi, S, Berat, C, Bertou, X, Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P, Blanco, F, Blanco, M, Bleve, C, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brancus, I, Brogueira, P, Brown, W. C., Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Buroker, L, Burton, R. E., Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B, Caramete, L, Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, A, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J. A., Chirinos Diaz, J, Chudoba, J, Cilmo, M, Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G, Colalillo, R, Collica, L, Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R, Contreras, F, Cook, H, Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J, Coutu, S, Covault, C. E., Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dallier, R, Daniel, B, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., De Domenico, M, De Donato, C, de Jong, S. J., De La Vega, G, de Mello Junior, W. J. M., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I, de Souza, V, de Vries, K. D., del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Dembinski, H, Dhital, N, Di Giulio, C, Díaz Castro, M. L., Diep, P. N., Diogo, F, Dobrigkeit, C, Docters, W, D'Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A, dos Anjos, J. C., Dova, M. T., D'Urso, Domenico, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J, Etchegoyen, A, Facal San Luis, P, Falcke, H, Fang, K, Farrar, G, Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B, Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fliescher, S, Fox, B, Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fratu, O, Fröhlich, U, Fuchs, B, Gaior, R, Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S, García, B, Garcia Roca, S. T., Garcia Gamez, D, Garcia Pinto, D, Garilli, G, Gascon Bravo, A, Gemmeke, H, Ghia, P. L., Giller, M, Gitto, J, Glass, H, Gold, M. S., Golup, G, Gomez Albarracin, F, Gómez Berisso, M, Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gonçalves, P, Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B, Gorgi, A, Gorham, P, Gouffon, P, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Griffith, N, Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, G. P., Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harrison, T. A., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C, Hollon, N, Holmes, V. C., Homola, P, Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P, Hrabovský, M, Huber, D, Huege, T, Insolia, Antonio, Ionita, F, Jansen, S, Jarne, C, Jiraskova, S, Josebachuili, M, Kadija, K, Kampert, K. H., Karhan, P, Kasper, P, Katkov, I, Kégl, B, Keilhauer, B, Keivani, A, Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapp, J, Koang, D. H., Kotera, K, Krohm, N, Krömer, O, Kruppke Hansen, D, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N, La Rosa, G, Lahurd, D, Latronico, L, Lauer, R, Lauscher, M, Lautridou, P, Le Coz, S, Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A, Lhenry Yvon, I, Link, K, López, R, Lopez Agüera, A, Louedec, K, Lozano Bahilo, J, Lu, L, Lucero, A, Ludwig, M, Lyberis, H, Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C, Malacari, M, Maldera, S, Maller, J, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J, Marin, V, Maris, I. C., Marquez Falcon, H. R., Marsella, G, Martello, D, Martin, L, Martinez, H, Martínez Bravo, O, Martraire, D, Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J, Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G, Maurel, D, Maurizio, D, Mayotte, E, Mazur, P. O., Medina Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Mertsch, P, Messina, S, Meurer, C, Meyhandan, R, Mićanović, S, Micheletti, M. I., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L, Mitrica, B, Molina Bueno, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Monnier Ragaigne, D, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, J. C., Mostafá, M, Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G, Münchmeyer, M, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, J. L., Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nelles, A, Neuser, J, Nhung, P. T., Niechciol, M, Niemietz, L, Nierstenhoefer, N, Niggemann, T, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nožka, L, Oehlschläger, J, Olinto, A, Oliveira, M, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Palmieri, N, Parente, G, Parra, A, Pastor, S, Paul, T, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Pfendner, C, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pieroni, P, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, Valerio, Platino, M, Plum, M, Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M, Porcelli, A, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Riggi, S, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rivera, H, Rizi, V, Roberts, J, Rodrigues de Carvalho, W, Rodriguez Cabo, I, Rodriguez Fernandez, G, Rodriguezmartino, J, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouillé d'Orfeuil, B, Roulet, E, Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C, Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salesa Greus, F, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Santo, C. E., Santos, E, Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F, Sarkar, B, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovánek, P, Schröder, F, Schulz, J, Schuster, D, Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I, Sigl, G, Silva Lopez, H. H., Sima, O, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Snow, G. R., Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Srivastava, Y. N., Stanic, S, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Straub, M, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T, Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Szuba, M, Tapia, A, Tartare, M, Taşcau, O, Tcaciuc, R, Thao, N. T., Thomas, D, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tkaczyk, W, Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G, Tomankova, L, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Torralba Elipe, G, Torres Machado, D, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, D. B., Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I, Valore, L, van Aar, G, van den Berg, A. M., van Velzen, S, van Vliet, A, Varela, E, Vargas Cárdenas, B, Varner, G, Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D, Verzi, V, Vicha, J, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Walz, D, Watson, A. A., Weber, M, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Werner, F, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, B. J., Widom, A, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczyńska, B, Wilczyński, H, Will, M, Williams, C, Winchen, T, Wommer, M, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Yapici, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Yushkov, A, Zamorano Garcia, B, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Zhou, J, Zhu, Y, Zimbres Silva, M, Ziolkowski, M., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Buscemi, Mario, Cilmo, Marco, Colalillo, Roberta, D'Urso, Domenico, Guarino, Fausto, Valore, Laura, The Pierre Auger, Collaboration, S., Acouni, D., Charrier, T., Gar?on, C., Rivi?re, P., Stassi, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, M., Ahler, E. J., Ahn, I. F. M., Albuquerque, D., Allard, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, T., Antičić, C., Aramo, E., Arganda, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, M., Balzer, K. B., Barber, A. F., Barbosa, R., Bardenet, S. L. C., Barroso, B., Baughman f, J., Bäuml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, A., Bellétoile, J. A., Bellido, S., Benzvi, C., Berat, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, F., Blanco, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Blümer, M., Boháčová, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, R., Bruijn i, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, L., Buroker, R. E., Burton, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, O., Catalano, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, J., Chauvin, S. H., Cheng, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chirinos Diaz, J., Chudoba, M., Cilmo, R. W., Clay, Cocciolo, Giuseppe, L., Collica, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, R., Conceição, F., Contrera, H., Cook, M. J., Cooper, J., Coppen, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, A., Creusot, A., Cri, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, S., Dagoret Campagne, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, C., De Donato, S. J., de Jong, G., De La Vega, W. J. M., de Mello Junior, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, DE MITRI, Ivan, V., de Souza, K. D., de Vrie, L., del Peral, M., del Río, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, M. L., Díaz Castro, P. N., Diep, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, P. N., Dong, A., Dorofeev, J. C., dos Anjo, M. T., Dova, D., D'Urso, I., Dutan, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filipčič, S., Fliescher, C. E., Fracchiolla, E. D., Fraenkel!, O., Fratu, U., Fröhlich, B., Fuch, R., Gaior, R. F., Gamarra, S., Gambetta, B., García, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, M., Giller, J., Gitto, H., Gla, M. S., Gold, G., Golup, F., Gomez Albarracin, M., Gómez Berisso, P. F., Gómez Vitale, P., Gonçalve, J. G., Gonzalez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gouffon, E., Grashorn, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, Y., Guardincerri, F., Guarino, G. P., Guede, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, A. E., Herve, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, V. C., Holme, P., Homola, J. R., Hörandel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovský, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, F., Ionita, A., Italiano, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, S., Jiraskova, M., Josebachuili, K., Kadija, K. H., Kampert, P., Karhan, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, J. L., Kelley, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, D. H., Koang, K., Kotera, N., Krohm, O., Krömer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, J. K., Kulbartz, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, C., Lachaud, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Leão, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., López, A., Lopez Agüera, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, H., Lyberi, M. C., Maccarone, C., Macolino, S., Maldera, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, J., Marin, V., Marin, I. C., Mari, H. R., Marquez Falcon, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Martínez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Masías Meza, H. J., Mathe, J., Matthew, J. A. J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, P. O., Mazur, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, P., Mertsch, C., Meurer, R., Meyhandan, S., Mićanović, M. I., Micheletti, I. A., Minaya, L., Miramonti, L., Molina Bueno, S., Mollerach, M., Monasor, D., Monnier Ragaigne, F., Montanet, B., Morale, C., Morello, E., Moreno, J. C., Moreno, M., Mostafá, C. A., Moura, M. A., Muller, G., Müller, M., Münchmeyer, R., Mussa, G., Navarra ‡, J. L., Navarro, S., Nava, P., Necesal, L., Nellen, A., Nelle, J., Neuser, P. T., Nhung, M., Niechciol, L., Niemietz, N., Nierstenhoefer, D., Nitz, D., Nosek, L., Nožka, J., Oehlschläger, A., Olinto, M., Ortiz, N., Pacheco, D., Pakk Selmi Dei, M., Palatka, J., Pallotta, N., Palmieri, G., Parente, E., Parizot, A., Parra, S., Pastor, T., Paul, M., Pech, J., Pękala, R., Pelayo, I. M., Pepe, Perrone, Lorenzo, R., Pesce, E., Petermann, S., Petrera, A., Petrolini, Y., Petrov, C., Pfendner, R., Piegaia, T., Pierog, P., Pieroni, M., Pimenta, V., Pirronello, M., Platino, M., Plum, V. H., Ponce, M., Pontz, A., Porcelli, P., Privitera, M., Prouza, E. J., Quel, S., Querchfeld, J., Rautenberg, O., Ravel, D., Ravignani, B., Revenu, J., Ridky, S., Riggi, M., Risse, P., Ristori, H., Rivera, V., Rizi, J., Robert, W., Rodrigues de Carvalho, G., Rodriguez, I., Rodriguez Cabo, J., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, M. D., Rodríguez Fría, G., Ro, J., Rosado, T., Rossler, M., Roth, B., Rouillé d'Orfeuil, E., Roulet, A. C., Rovero, C., Rühle, A., Saftoiu, F., Salamida, H., Salazar, F., Salesa Greu, G., Salina, F., SÃ! ¡nchez, C. E., Santo, E., Santo, E. M., Santo, F., Sarazin, B., Sarkar, S., Sarkar, R., Sato, N., Scharf, Scherini, Viviana, H., Schieler, P., Schiffer, A., Schmidt, O., Scholten, H., Schoorlemmer, J., Schovancova, P., Schovánek, F., Schröder, S., Schulte, D., Schuster, S. J., Sciutto, M., Scuderi, A., Segreto, M., Settimo, A., Shadkam, R. C., Shellard, I., Sidelnik, G., Sigl, H. H., Silva Lopez, O., Sima, A., Śmiałkowski, R., Šmída, G. R., Snow, P., Sommer, J., Sorokin, H., Spinka, R., Squartini, Y. N., Srivastava, S., Stanic, J., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, M., Stephan, A., Stutz, F., Suarez, T., Suomijärvi, A. D., Supanitsky, T., Šuša, M. S., Sutherland, J., Swain, Z., Szadkowski, M., Szuba, A., Tapia, M., Tartare, O., Taşcău, R., Tcaciuc, N. T., Thao, D., Thoma, J., Tiffenberg, C., Timmerman, W., Tkaczyk, C. J., Todero Peixoto, G., Toma, L., Tomankova, B., Tomé, A., Tonachini, P., Travnicek, D. B., Tridapalli, G., Tristram, E., Trovato, M., Tuero, R., Ulrich, M., Unger, M., Urban, J. F., Valdés Galicia, I., Valiño, L., Valore, G., van Aar, A. M., van den Berg, A., van Vliet, E., Varela, B., Vargas Cárdena, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Vázquez, D., Veberič, V., Verzi, J., Vicha, M., Videla, L., Villaseñor, H., Wahlberg, P., Wahrlich, O., Wainberg, D., Walz, A. A., Watson, M., Weber, K., Weidenhaupt, A., Weindl, F., Werner, S., Westerhoff, B. J., Whelan, A., Widom, G., Wieczorek, L., Wiencke, B., Wilczyńska, H., Wilczyński, M., Will, C., William, T., Winchen, M., Wommer, B., Wundheiler, T., Yamamoto a, T., Yapici, P., Younk, G., Yuan, A., Yushkov, B., Zamorano Garcia, E., Za, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zavrtanik, I., Zaw h, A., Zepeda b, J., Zhou, Y., Zhu, M., Zimbres Silva, M. Ziolkowski, ., Sarkar, S, Batista, R, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), PIERRE AUGER, P. Abreu, M. Aglietta, M. Ahler, E.J. Ahn, I.F.M. Albuquerque, D. Allard, I. Allekotte, J. Allen, P. Allison, A. Almela, J. Alvarez Castillo, J. Alvarez-Muñiz, R. Alves Batista, M. Ambrosio, A. Aminaei, L. Anchordoqui, S. Andringa, T. Antičić, C. Aramo, E. Arganda, F. Arquero, H. Asorey, P. Assi, J. Aublin, M. Ave, M. Avenier, G. Avila, A.M. Badescu, M. Balzer, K.B. Barber, A.F. Barbosa, R. Bardenet, S.L.C. Barroso, B. Baughman f, J. Bäuml, C. Bau, J.J. Beatty, K.H. Becker, A. Bellétoile, J.A. Bellido, S. BenZvi, C. Berat, X. Bertou, P.L. Biermann, P. Billoir, F. Blanco, M. Blanco, C. Bleve, H. Blümer, M. Boháčová, D. Boncioli, C. Bonifazi, R. Bonino, N. Borodai, J. Brack, I. Brancu, P. Brogueira, W.C. Brown, R. Bruijn i, P. Buchholz, A. Bueno, L. Buroker, R.E. Burton, K.S. Caballero-Mora, B. Caccianiga, L. Caramete, R. Caruso, A. Castellina, O. Catalano, G. Cataldi, L. Cazon, R. Cester, J. Chauvin, S.H. Cheng, A. Chiavassa, J.A. Chinellato, J. Chirinos Diaz, J. Chudoba, M. Cilmo, R.W. Clay, G. Cocciolo, L. Collica, M.R. Coluccia, R. Conceição, F. Contrera, H. Cook, M.J. Cooper, J. Coppen, A. Cordier, S. Coutu, C.E. Covault, A. Creusot, A. Cri, J. Cronin, A. Curutiu, S. Dagoret-Campagne, R. Dallier, B. Daniel, S. Dasso, K. Daumiller, B.R. Dawson, R.M. de Almeida, M. De Domenico, C. De Donato, S.J. de Jong, G. De La Vega, W.J.M. de Mello Junior, J.R.T. de Mello Neto, I. De Mitri, V. de Souza, K.D. de Vrie, L. del Peral, M. del Río, O. Deligny, H. Dembinski, N. Dhital, C. Di Giulio, M.L. Díaz Castro, P.N. Diep, F. Diogo, C. Dobrigkeit, W. Docter, J.C. D'Olivo, P.N. Dong, A. Dorofeev, J.C. dos Anjo, M.T. Dova, D. D'Urso, I. Dutan, J. Ebr, R. Engel, M. Erdmann, C.O. Escobar, J. Espadanal, A. Etchegoyen, P. Facal San Lui, H. Falcke, K. Fang, G. Farrar, A.C. Fauth, N. Fazzini, A.P. Ferguson, B. Fick, J.M. Figueira, A. Filevich, A. Filipčič, S. Fliescher, C.E. Fracchiolla, E.D. Fraenkel!, O. Fratu, U. Fröhlich, B. Fuch, R. Gaior, R.F. Gamarra, S. Gambetta, B. García, S.T. Garcia Roca, D. Garcia-Gamez, D. Garcia-Pinto, G. Garilli, A. Gascon Bravo, H. Gemmeke, P.L. Ghia, M. Giller, J. Gitto, H. Gla, M.S. Gold, G. Golup, F. Gomez Albarracin, M. Gómez Berisso, P.F. Gómez Vitale, P. Gonçalve, J.G. Gonzalez, B. Gookin, A. Gorgi, P. Gouffon, E. Grashorn, S. Grebe, N. Griffith, A.F. Grillo, Y. Guardincerri, F. Guarino, G.P. Guede, P. Hansen, D. Harari, T.A. Harrison, J.L. Harton, A. Haung, T. Hebbeker, D. Heck, A.E. Herve, C. Hojvat, N. Hollon, V.C. Holme, P. Homola, J.R. Hörandel, P. Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, F. Ionita, A. Italiano, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, S. Jiraskova, M. Josebachuili, K. Kadija, K.H. Kampert, P. Karhan, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, J.L. Kelley, E. Kemp, R.M. Kieckhafer, H.O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, J. Knapp, D.-H. Koang, K. Kotera, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, J.K. Kulbartz, N. Kunka, G. La Rosa, C. Lachaud, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, P. Lautridou, S. Le Coz, M.S.A.B. Leão, D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M.A. Leigui de Oliveira, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. Lopez Agüera, K. Louedec, J. Lozano Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, H. Lyberi, M.C. Maccarone, C. Macolino, S. Maldera, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A.G. Mariazzi, J. Marin, V. Marin, I.C. Mari, H.R. Marquez Falcon, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. Martínez Bravo, D. Martraire, J.J. Masías Meza, H.J. Mathe, J. Matthew, J.A.J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, P.O. Mazur, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, P. Mertsch, C. Meurer, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M.I. Micheletti, I.A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. Monnier Ragaigne, F. Montanet, B. Morale, C. Morello, E. Moreno, J.C. Moreno, M. Mostafá, C.A. Moura, M.A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra ‡, J.L. Navarro, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, P.T. Nhung, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, N. Nierstenhoefer, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, L. Nožka, J. Oehlschläger, A. Olinto, M. Ortiz, N. Pacheco, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, G. Parente, E. Parizot, A. Parra, S. Pastor, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I.M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, C. Pfendner, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, V.H. Ponce, M. Pontz, A. Porcelli, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, E.J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, H. Rivera, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho, G. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez Cabo, J. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, M.D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, B. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, E. Roulet, A.C. Rovero, C. Rühle, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, F. Salesa Greu, G. Salina, F. SÃ! ¡nchez, C.E. Santo, E. Santo, E.M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, A. Schmidt, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, J. Schovancova, P. Schovánek, F. Schröder, S. Schulte, D. Schuster, S.J. Sciutto, M. Scuderi, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R.C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, H.H. Silva Lopez, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G.R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, H. Spinka, R. Squartini, Y.N. Srivastava, S. Stanic, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A.D. Supanitsky, T. Šuša, M.S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, O. Taşcău, R. Tcaciuc, N.T. Thao, D. Thoma, J. Tiffenberg, C. Timmerman, W. Tkaczyk, C.J. Todero Peixoto, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, P. Travnicek, D.B. Tridapalli, G. Tristram, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J.F. Valdés Galicia, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. van Aar, A.M. van den Berg, A. van Vliet, E. Varela, B. Vargas Cárdena, J.R. Vázquez, R.A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, H. Wahlberg, P. Wahrlich, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A.A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, S. Westerhoff, B.J. Whelan, A. Widom, G. Wieczorek, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, M. Wommer, B. Wundheiler, T. Yamamoto a, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano Garcia, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw h, A. Zepeda b, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Zimbres Silva, and M. Ziolkowski .

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], self-trigger, geomagnetic effect, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, 01 natural sciences, Electric field, 0103 physical sciences, extensive air showers, 010306 general physics, Cosmic rays, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Zenith, media_common, Physics, Pierre Auger Observatory, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, extensive air shower, Antennas, 3. Good health, Computational physics, Azimuth, Earth's magnetic field, Sky, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, radio-detection
Abstract

We describe the experimental setup and the results of RAuger, a small radio-antenna array, consisting of three fully autonomous and self-triggered radio-detection stations, installed close to the center of the Surface Detector (SD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina. The setup has been designed for the detection of the electric field strength of air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays, without using an auxiliary trigger from another detection system. Installed in December 2006, RAuger was terminated in May 2010 after 65 registered coincidences with the SD. The sky map in local angular coordinates (i.e., zenith and azimuth angles) of these events reveals a strong azimuthal asymmetry which is in agreement with a mechanism dominated by a geomagnetic emission process. The correlation between the electric field and the energy of the primary cosmic ray is presented for the first time, in an energy range covering two orders of magnitude between 0.1 EeV and 10 EeV. It is demonstrated that this setup is relatively more sensitive to inclined showers, with respect to the SD. In addition to these results, which underline the potential of the radio-detection technique, important information about the general behavior of self-triggering radio-detection systems has been obtained. In particular, we will discuss radio self-triggering under varying local electric-field conditions., Comment: accepted for publication in JINST

Published
2012
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34. The Pierre Auger Observatory III: Other Astrophysical Observations

Author

The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Antičić, T., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Arganda, E., Arqueros, F., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avenier, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Balzer, M., Barber, K. B., Barbosa, A. F., Bardenet, R., Barroso, S. L. C., Baughman, B., Bäuml, J., Beatty, J. J., Becker, B. R., Becker, K. H., Bellétoile, A., Bellido, J. A., Benzvi, S., Berat, C., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blanco, F., Blanco, M., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W. C., Bruijn, R., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R. E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Cheng, S. H., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chou, A., Chudoba, J., Clay, R. W., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cook, H., Cooper, M. J., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Creusot, A., Criss, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Dallier, R., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Almeida, R. M., Domenico, M., Donato, C., Jong, S. J., La Vega, G., Mello Junior, W. J. M., Mello Neto, J. R. T., Mitri, I., Souza, V., Vries, K. D., Decerprit, G., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dembinski, H., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diep, P. N., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D Olivo, J. C., Dong, P. N., Dorofeev, A., Dos Anjos, J. C., Dova, M. T., D Urso, D., Dutan, I., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Fajardo Tapia, I., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Ferrero, A., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fliescher, S., Fracchiolla, C. E., Fraenkel, E. D., Fröhlich, U., Fuchs, B., Gaior, R., Gamarra, R. F., Gambetta, S., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Gascon, A., Gemmeke, H., Gesterling, K., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M. S., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gómez Berisso, M., Gonçalves, P., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J. G., Gookin, B., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Gozzini, S. R., Grashorn, E., Grebe, S., Griffith, N., Grigat, M., Grillo, A. F., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guzman, A., Hague, J. D., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Herve, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holmes, V. C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Jarne, C., Jiraskova, S., Josebachuili, M., Kadija, K., Kampert, K. -H, Karhan, P., Kasper, P., Kégl, B., Keilhauer, B., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, J., Koang, D. -H, Kotera, K., Krohm, N., Krömer, O., Kruppke-Hansen, D., Kuehn, F., Kuempel, D., Kulbartz, J. K., Kunka, N., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lautridou, P., Leão, M. S. A. B., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui Oliveira, M. A., Lemiere, A., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Link, K., López, R., Lopez Agüera, A., Louedec, K., Lozano Bahilo, J., Lucero, A., Ludwig, M., Lyberis, H., Maccarone, M. C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, J., Marin, V., Maris, I. C., Marquez Falcon, H. R., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martin, L., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melissas, M., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menshikov, A., Mertsch, P., Meurer, C., Mićanović, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miller, W., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J. C., Morris, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Mueller, S., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Münchmeyer, M., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J. L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nhung, P. T., Niemietz, L., Nierstenhoefer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nožka, L., Nyklicek, M., Oehlschläger, J., Olinto, A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V. M., Ortiz, M., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Palmieri, N., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parra, A., Parsons, R. D., Pastor, S., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Pesce, R., Petermann, E., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrolini, A., Petrov, Y., Petrovic, J., Pfendner, C., Phan, N., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Ponce, V. H., Pontz, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rivera, H., Rizi, V., Roberts, J., Robledo, C., Rodrigues Carvalho, W., Rodriguez, G., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Rodríguez-Frías, M. D., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Rossler, T., Roth, M., Rouillé-D Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Rühle, C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sánchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C. E., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scharf, N., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schiffer, P., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, F., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovancova, J., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F., Schulte, S., Schuster, D., Sciutto, S. J., Scuderi, M., Alberto Segreto, Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sidelnik, I., Sigl, G., Silva Lopez, H. H., Śmiał Kowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Stanic, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Šuša, T., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Szuba, M., Tamashiro, A., Tapia, A., Tartare, M., Taşcău, O., Tavera Ruiz, C. G., Tcaciuc, R., Tegolo, D., Thao, N. T., Thomas, D., Tiffenberg, J., Tiwari, C. Timmermans D. K., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Travnicek, P., Tridapalli, D. B., Tristram, G., Trovato, E., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., Den Berg, A. M., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Wahlberg, H., Wahrlich, P., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Warner, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczyńska, B., Wilczyński, H., Will, M., Williams, C., Winchen, T., Winders, L., Winnick, M. G., Wommer, M., Wundheiler, B., Yamamoto, T., Yapici, T., Younk, P., Yuan, G., Yushkov, A., Zamorano, B., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtnik, M., Zaw, I., Zepeda, A., Zimbres-Silva, M., Ziolkowski, M., APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PIERRE AUGER, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Girod, Dominique

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [SDU.ASTR.HE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Computer Science::Computers and Society, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR.HE] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE]
Abstract

Astrophysical observations of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory, Comment: Contributions to the 32nd International Cosmic Ray Conference, Beijing, China, August 2011

Published
2011

35. Electric Solar Wind Sail in tailwind

Author

Janhunen, P., Merikallio, S., Toivanen, P., Polkko, J., Haeggström, E., Seppänen, H., Kurppa, R., Ukkonen, J., Ylitalo, T., Kiprich, S., Koivisto, H., Kalvas, T., Tarvainen, O., Kauppinen, J., Thornell, G., Kratz, H., Sundqvist, J., Grönland, T. -. A., Johansson, H., Rangsten, P., Vinterhav, E., Noorma, M., Envall, J., Lätt, S., Allik, V., Voormansik, K., Kvell, U., Lebreton, J. -. P., Hallikainen, M., Praks, J., Krömer, O., Rosta, R., Salminen, P., Giovanni Mengali, ALESSANDRO ANTONIO QUARTA, Aliasi, G., SALVO MARCUCCIO, Pergola, P., and Giusti, N.

Subjects
Teknik och teknologier, Engineering and Technology, Electric sail
Abstract

The Electric Solar Wind Sail (E-sail) is a novelpropulsion concept that enables faster space travel tomany solar system targets. E-sail uses charged solarwind particles as the source of its propulsion. This isachieved by deploying long, conducting and chargedtethers, which get pushed by the solar wind byCoulomb drag [1].E-sail technology is being developed to technicalreadiness level (TRL) 4-5 by the European Union’sSeventh Framework Programme for Research andTechnological Development, EU FP7, in a projectnamed ESAIL (http://www.electric-sailing.fi/fp7).Prototypes of the key parts are to be produced. Thedesign will be scalable so that a real solar winddemonstration mission could be scaled up from them.We review here the latest results of the constantlyevolving E-sail project.

Published
2011

36. Erratum to 'Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger observatory' [Astroparticle Physics 32(2) (2009), 89-99] (DOI:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2009.06.004)

Author

Abraham, J, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Aguirre, C, Ahn, EJ, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Allison, P, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Ambrosio, M, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Anzalone, A, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Argirò, S, Arisaka, K, Arneodo, F, Arqueros, F, Asch, T, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avila, G, Bäcker, T, Badagnani, D, Barber, KB, Barbosa, AF, Barroso, SLC, Baughman, B, Bauleo, P, Beatty, JJ, Beau, T, Becker, BR, Becker, KH, Bellétoile, A, Bellido, JA, BenZvi, S, Berat, C, Bernardini, P, Bertou, X, Biermann, PL, Billoir, P, Blanch-Bigas, O, Blanco, F, Bleve, C, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, WC, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, RE, Busca, NG, Caballero-Mora, KS, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Carvalho, W, Castellina, A, Catalano, O, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, JA, Chou, A, Chudoba, J, Chye, J, Clay, RW, Colombo, E, Conceição, R, Connolly, B, Contreras, F, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Cotti, U, Coutu, S, Covault, CE, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret-Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Daumiller, K, Dawson, BR, de Almeida, RM, De Domenico, M, De Donato, C, de Jong, SJ, De La Vega, G, de Mello Jr, WJM, de Mello Neto, JRT, De Mitri, I, de Souza, V, de Vries, KD, Decerprit, G, del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Della Selva, A, Delle Fratte, C, Dembinski, H, Di Giulio, C, Diaz, JC, Diep, PN, Dobrigkeit, C, D'Olivo, JC, Dong, PN, Dornic, D, Dorofeev, A, dos Anjos, JC, Dova, MT, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, DuVernois, MA, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, CO, Etchegoyen, A, Facal San Luis, P, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, AC, Fazzini, N, Ferrer, F, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fleck, I, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, CE, Fraenkel, ED, Fulgione, W, Gamarra, RF, Gambetta, S, García, B, García Gámez, D, Garcia-Pinto, D, Garrido, X, Gelmini, G, Gemmeke, H, Ghia, PL, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Goggin, LM, Gold, MS, Golup, G, Gomez Albarracin, F, Gómez Berisso, M, Gonçalves, P, Gonçalves do Amaral, M, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, JG, Góra, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Grigat, M, Grillo, AF, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, GP, Gutiérrez, J, Hague, JD, Halenka, V, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harton, JL, Haungs, A, Healy, MD, Hebbeker, T, Hebrero, G, Heck, D, Hojvat, C, Holmes, VC, Homola, P, Hörandel, JR, Horneffer, A, Hrabovsky', M, Huege, T, Hussain, M, Iarlori, M, Insolia, A, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jiraskova, S, Kaducak, M, Kampert, KH, Karova, T, Kasper, P, Kégl, B, Keilhauer, B, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, RM, Klages, HO, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapik, R, Knapp, J, Koang, D-H, Krieger, A, Krömer, O, Kruppke-Hansen, D, Kuempel, D, Kunka, N, Kusenko, A, La Rosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lago, BL, Lautridou, P, Leão, MSAB, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Lee, J, Leigui de Oliveira, MA, Lemiere, A, Letessier-Selvon, A, Leuthold, M, Lhenry-Yvon, I, López, R, Lopez Agüera, A, Louedec, K, Lozano Bahilo, J, Lucero, A, Luna García, R, Lyberis, H, Maccarone, MC, Macolino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, AG, Maris, IC, Marquez Falcon, HR, Martello, D, Martínez, J, Martínez Bravo, O, Mathes, HJ, Matthews, J, Matthews, JAJ, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, PO, McEwen, M, McNeil, RR, Medina-Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Meyhandan, R, Micheletti, MI, Miele, G, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Monnier Ragaigne, D, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, JC, Morris, C, Mostafá, M, Moura, CA, Mueller, S, Muller, MA, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, JL, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Newman-Holmes, C, Newton, D, Nhung, PT, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nožka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschläger, J, Olinto, A, Oliva, P, Olmos-Gilbaja, VM, Ortiz, M, Ortolani, F, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi-Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parlati, S, Pastor, S, Patel, M, Paul, T, Pavlidou, V, Payet, K, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, IM, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Petrovic, J, Pfendner, C, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pimenta, M, Pinto, T, Pirrpnello, V, Pisanti, O, Platino, M, Pochon, J, Ponce, VH, Pontz, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, EJ, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Redondo, A, Reucroft, S, Revenu, B, Rezende, FAS, Ridky, J, Riggi, S, Risse, M, Rivière, C, Rizzi, V, Robledo, C, Rodriguez, G, Rodriguez Martino, J, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodriguez-Cabo, I, Rodríguez-Frías, MD, Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, A, Roulet, E, Rovero, AC, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Santander, M, Santo, CE, Santos, EM, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Schmidt, F, Schmidt, T, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovánek, P, Schroeder, F, Schulte, S, Schüssler, F, Schuster, D, Sciutto, SJ, Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Semikoz, D, Settimo, M, Shellard, RC, Sidelnik, I, Siffert, BB, Smiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Smith, BE, Snow, GR, Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Strazzeri, E, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, AD, Sutherland, MS, Swain, J, Szadowski, Z, Tamashiro, A, Tamburro, A, Tarutina, T, Taşcǎu, O, Tcaciuc, R, Tcherniakhovski, D, Thao, NT, Thomas, D, Ticona, R, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tkaczyk, W, Todero Peixoto, CJ, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Torres, I, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, DB, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tuci, V, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, JF, Valiño, I, Valore, L, van den Berg, AM, Vázquez, JR, Vázquez, RA, Veberič, D, Velarde, A, Venters, T, Verzi, V, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Vorobiov, S, Voyvodic, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Warner, D, Watson, AA, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, BJ, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczyn' ska, B, Wilczyn' ski, H, Wileman, C, Winnick, MG, Wu, H, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, and Ziolkowski, M

Published
2010

37. Calibration and Monitoring of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Collaboration, TPA, Abraham, J, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Aguirre, C, Ahn, EJ, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Ambrosio, M, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Anzalone, A, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Argirò, S, Arisaka, K, Arneodo, F, Arqueros, F, Asch, T, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avila, G, Bäcker, T, Badagnani, D, Barber, KB, Barbosa, AF, Barroso, SLC, Baughman, B, Bauleo, P, Beatty, JJ, Beau, T, Becker, BR, Becker, KH, Bellétoile, A, Bellido, JA, BenZvi, S, Berat, C, Bernardini, P, Bertou, X, Biermann, PL, Billoir, P, Blanch-Bigas, O, Blanco, F, Bleve, C, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, WC, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, RE, Busca, NG, Caballero-Mora, KS, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Carvalho, W, Castellina, A, Catalano, O, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, JA, Chou, A, Chudoba, J, Chye, J, Clay, RW, Colombo, E, Conceição, R, Connolly, B, Contreras, F, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Cotti, U, Coutu, S, Covault, CE, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret-Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Daumiller, K, Dawson, BR, Almeida, RMD, Domenico, MD, Donato, CD, Jong, SJD, Vega, GDL, Junior, WJMDM, Neto, JRTDM, Mitri, ID, Souza, VD, Vries, KDD, Decerprit, G, Peral, LD, Deligny, O, Selva, AD, Fratte, CD, Dembinski, H, DiGiulio, C, Diaz, JC, Diep, PN, Dobrigkeit, C, D'Olivo, JC, Dong, PN, Dorofeev, A, Anjos, JCD, Dova, MT, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, DuVernois, MA, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, CO, Etchegoyen, A, Luis, PFS, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, AC, Fazzini, N, Ferrer, F, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fleck, I, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, CE, Fraenkel, ED, Fulgione, W, Gamarra, RF, Gambetta, S, García, B, GarcíaGámez, D, Garcia-Pinto, D, Garrido, X, Gelmini, G, Gemmeke, H, Ghia, PL, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Goggin, LM, Gold, MS, Golup, G, Albarracin, FG, Berisso, MG, Gonçalves, P, Amaral, MGD, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, JG, Góra, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Gozzini, SR, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Grigat, M, Grillo, AF, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, GP, Gutiérrez, J, Hague, JD, Halenka, V, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harton, JL, Haungs, A, Healy, MD, Hebbeker, T, Hebrero, G, Heck, D, Hojvat, C, Holmes, VC, Homola, P, Hörandel, JR, Horneffer, A, Hrabovský, M, Huege, T, Hussain, M, Iarlori, M, Insolia, A, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jiraskova, S, Kaducak, M, Kampert, KH, Karova, T, Kasper, P, Kégl, B, Keilhauer, B, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, RM, Klages, HO, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapik, R, Knapp, J, Koang, DH, Krieger, A, Krömer, O, Kruppke-Hansen, D, Kuehn, F, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, K, Kunka, N, Kusenko, A, LaRosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lago, BL, Lautridou, P, Leão, MSAB, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Lee, J, Oliveira, MALD, Lemiere, A, Letessier-Selvon, A, Leuthold, M, Lhenry-Yvon, I, López, R, Agüera, AL, Louedec, K, Bahilo, JL, Lucero, A, Lyberis, H, Maccarone, MC, Macolino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, AG, Maris, IC, Falcon, HRM, Martello, D, Bravo, OM, Mathes, HJ, Matthews, J, Matthews, JAJ, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, PO, McEwen, M, McNeil, RR, Medina-Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Meyhandan, R, Micheletti, MI, Miele, G, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Ragaigne, DM, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, JC, Morris, C, Mostafá, M, Moura, CA, Mueller, S, Muller, MA, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, JL, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Newman-Holmes, C, Newton, D, Nhung, PT, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nožka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschläger, J, Olinto, A, Oliva, P, Olmos-Gilbaja, VM, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Selmi-Dei, DP, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parlati, S, Pastor, S, Patel, M, Paul, T, Pavlidou, V, Payet, K, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pepe, IM, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Petrovic, J, Pfendner, C, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pimenta, M, Pinto, T, Pirronello, V, Pisanti, O, Platino, M, Pochon, J, Ponce, VH, Pontz, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, EJ, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Redondo, A, Revenu, B, Rezende, FAS, Ridky, J, Riggi, S, Risse, M, Rivière, C, Rizi, V, Robledo, C, Rodriguez, G, Martino, JR, Rojo, JR, Rodriguez-Cabo, I, Rodríguez-Frías, MD, Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B, Roulet, E, Rovero, AC, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Santander, M, Santo, CE, Santos, EM, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Schmidt, F, Schmidt, T, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovánek, P, Schroeder, F, Schulte, S, Schüssler, F, Schuster, D, Sciutto, SJ, Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Semikoz, D, Settimo, M, Shellard, RC, Sidelnik, I, Siffert, BB, Sigl, G, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Smith, BE, Snow, GR, Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Strazzeri, E, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, AD, Sutherland, MS, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Tamashiro, A, Tamburro, A, Tarutina, T, Taşcău, O, Tcaciuc, R, Tcherniakhovski, D, Tegolo, D, Thao, NT, Thomas, D, Ticona, R, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tkaczyk, W, Peixoto, CJT, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Torres, I, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, DB, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Galicia, JFV, Valiño, I, Valore, L, vandenBerg, AM, Vázquez, JR, Vázquez, RA, Veberič, D, Velarde, A, Venters, T, Verzi, V, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Vorobiov, S, Voyvodic, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Warner, D, Watson, AA, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, BJ, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczyńska, B, Wilczyński, H, Wileman, C, Winnick, MG, Wu, H, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Yushkov, A, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Ziolkowski, M, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM]
Abstract

Reports on the atmospheric monitoring, calibration, and other operating systems of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Contributions to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009., Comment: Contributions to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference, Lodz, Poland, July 2009

Published
2009

38. The Cosmic Ray Energy Spectrum and Related Measurements with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Collaboration, TPA, Abraham, J, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Aguirre, C, Ahn, EJ, Allard, D, Allekotte, I, Allen, J, Alvarez-Muñiz, J, Ambrosio, M, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Anzalone, A, Aramo, C, Arganda, E, Argirò, S, Arisaka, K, Arneodo, F, Arqueros, F, Asch, T, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Ave, M, Avila, G, Bäcker, T, Badagnani, D, Barber, KB, Barbosa, AF, Barroso, SLC, Baughman, B, Bauleo, P, Beatty, JJ, Beau, T, Becker, BR, Becker, KH, Bellétoile, A, Bellido, JA, BenZvi, S, Berat, C, Bernardini, P, Bertou, X, Biermann, PL, Billoir, P, Blanch-Bigas, O, Blanco, F, Bleve, C, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Bonino, R, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brogueira, P, Brown, WC, Bruijn, R, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Burton, RE, Busca, NG, Caballero-Mora, KS, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Carvalho, W, Castellina, A, Catalano, O, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chauvin, J, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, JA, Chou, A, Chudoba, J, Chye, J, Clay, RW, Colombo, E, Conceição, R, Connolly, B, Contreras, F, Coppens, J, Cordier, A, Cotti, U, Coutu, S, Covault, CE, Creusot, A, Criss, A, Cronin, J, Curutiu, A, Dagoret-Campagne, S, Dallier, R, Daumiller, K, Dawson, BR, Almeida, RMD, Domenico, MD, Donato, CD, Jong, SJD, Vega, GDL, Junior, WJMDM, Neto, JRTDM, Mitri, ID, Souza, VD, Vries, KDD, Decerprit, G, Peral, LD, Deligny, O, Selva, AD, Fratte, CD, Dembinski, H, DiGiulio, C, Diaz, JC, Diep, PN, Dobrigkeit, C, D'Olivo, JC, Dong, PN, Dorofeev, A, Anjos, JCD, Dova, MT, D'Urso, D, Dutan, I, DuVernois, MA, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Escobar, CO, Etchegoyen, A, Luis, PFS, Falcke, H, Farrar, G, Fauth, AC, Fazzini, N, Ferrer, F, Ferrero, A, Fick, B, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fleck, I, Fliescher, S, Fracchiolla, CE, Fraenkel, ED, Fulgione, W, Gamarra, RF, Gambetta, S, García, B, GarcíaGámez, D, Garcia-Pinto, D, Garrido, X, Gelmini, G, Gemmeke, H, Ghia, PL, Giaccari, U, Giller, M, Glass, H, Goggin, LM, Gold, MS, Golup, G, Albarracin, FG, Berisso, MG, Gonçalves, P, Amaral, MGD, Gonzalez, D, Gonzalez, JG, Góra, D, Gorgi, A, Gouffon, P, Gozzini, SR, Grashorn, E, Grebe, S, Grigat, M, Grillo, AF, Guardincerri, Y, Guarino, F, Guedes, GP, Gutiérrez, J, Hague, JD, Halenka, V, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harmsma, S, Harton, JL, Haungs, A, Healy, MD, Hebbeker, T, Hebrero, G, Heck, D, Holmes, VC, Homola, P, Hörandel, JR, Horneffer, A, Hrabovský, M, Huege, T, Hussain, M, Iarlori, M, Insolia, A, Ionita, F, Italiano, A, Jiraskova, S, Kaducak, M, Kampert, KH, Karova, T, Kasper, P, Kégl, B, Keilhauer, B, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, RM, Klages, HO, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Knapik, R, Knapp, J, Koang, DH, Krieger, A, Krömer, O, Kruppke-Hansen, D, Kuehn, F, Kuempel, D, Kulbartz, K, Kunka, N, Kusenko, A, LaRosa, G, Lachaud, C, Lago, BL, Lautridou, P, Leão, MSAB, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Lee, J, Oliveira, MALD, Lemiere, A, Letessier-Selvon, A, Leuthold, M, Lhenry-Yvon, I, López, R, Agüera, AL, Louedec, K, Bahilo, JL, Lucero, A, Lyberis, H, Maccarone, MC, Macolino, C, Maldera, S, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, AG, Maris, IC, Falcon, HRM, Martello, D, Bravo, OM, Mathes, HJ, Matthews, J, Matthews, JAJ, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mazur, PO, McEwen, M, McNeil, RR, Medina-Tanco, G, Melissas, M, Melo, D, Menichetti, E, Menshikov, A, Meyhandan, R, Micheletti, MI, Miele, G, Miller, W, Miramonti, L, Mollerach, S, Monasor, M, Ragaigne, DM, Montanet, F, Morales, B, Morello, C, Moreno, JC, Morris, C, Mostafá, M, Moura, CA, Mueller, S, Muller, MA, Mussa, R, Navarra, G, Navarro, JL, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Newman-Holmes, C, Newton, D, Nhung, PT, Nierstenhoefer, N, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Nožka, L, Nyklicek, M, Oehlschläger, J, Olinto, A, Oliva, P, Olmos-Gilbaja, VM, Ortiz, M, Pacheco, N, Selmi-Dei, DP, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Parente, G, Parizot, E, Parlati, S, Pastor, S, Patel, M, Paul, T, Pavlidou, V, Payet, K, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pepe, IM, Perrone, L, Pesce, R, Petermann, E, Petrera, S, Petrinca, P, Petrolini, A, Petrov, Y, Petrovic, J, Pfendner, C, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pimenta, M, Pinto, T, Pirronello, V, Pisanti, O, Platino, M, Pochon, J, Ponce, VH, Pontz, M, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, EJ, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Redondo, A, Revenu, B, Rezende, FAS, Ridky, J, Riggi, S, Risse, M, Rivière, C, Rizi, V, Robledo, C, Rodriguez, G, Martino, JR, Rojo, JR, Rodriguez-Cabo, I, Rodríguez-Frías, MD, Ros, G, Rosado, J, Rossler, T, Roth, M, Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B, Roulet, E, Rovero, AC, Salamida, F, Salazar, H, Salina, G, Sánchez, F, Santander, M, Santo, CE, Santos, EM, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, S, Sato, R, Scharf, N, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schiffer, P, Schmidt, A, Schmidt, F, Schmidt, T, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovancova, J, Schovánek, P, Schroeder, F, Schulte, S, Schüssler, F, Schuster, D, Sciutto, SJ, Scuderi, M, Segreto, A, Semikoz, D, Settimo, M, Shellard, RC, Sidelnik, I, Siffert, BB, Sigl, G, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Smith, BE, Snow, GR, Sommers, P, Sorokin, J, Spinka, H, Squartini, R, Strazzeri, E, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, AD, Sutherland, MS, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Tamashiro, A, Tamburro, A, Tarutina, T, Taşcău, O, Tcaciuc, R, Tcherniakhovski, D, Tegolo, D, Thao, NT, Thomas, D, Ticona, R, Tiffenberg, J, Timmermans, C, Tkaczyk, W, Peixoto, CJT, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Torres, I, Travnicek, P, Tridapalli, DB, Tristram, G, Trovato, E, Tueros, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Galicia, JFV, Valiño, I, Valore, L, vandenBerg, AM, Vázquez, JR, Vázquez, RA, Veberič, D, Velarde, A, Venters, T, Verzi, V, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Vorobiov, S, Voyvodic, L, Wahlberg, H, Wahrlich, P, Wainberg, O, Warner, D, Watson, AA, Westerhoff, S, Whelan, BJ, Wieczorek, G, Wiencke, L, Wilczyńska, B, Wilczyński, H, Wileman, C, Winnick, MG, Wu, H, Wundheiler, B, Yamamoto, T, Younk, P, Yuan, G, Yushkov, A, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zaw, I, Zepeda, A, Ziolkowski, M, APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Computer Science::Digital Libraries
Abstract

Studies of the cosmic ray energy spectrum at the highest energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory., Comment: Submissions to the 31st International Cosmic Ray Conference

Published
2009

39. Erratum to 'Correlation of the highest-energy cosmic rays with the positions of nearby active galactic nuclei' [Astroparticle Physics 29(3) (2008) 188-204]

Author

Abraham, J., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Aguirre, C., Allard, D., Allekotte, I., Allen, J., Allison, P., Alvarez, C., Alvarez-Muniz, J., Ambrosio, M., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Anzalone, A., Aramo, C., Argiro, S., Arisaka, K., Armengaud, E., Arneodo, F., Arqueros, F., Asch, T., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Atulugama, B.S., Aublin, J., Ave, M., Avila, G., Bäcker, T., Badagnani, D., Barbosa, A.F., Barnhill, D., Barroso, S.L.C., Bauleo, P., Beatty, J., Beau, T., Becker, B.R., Becker, K.H., Bellido, J.A., Benzvi, S., Bérat, C., Bergmann, T., Bernardini, P., Bertou, X., Biermann, P.L., Billoir, P., Blanch-Bigas, O., Blanco, F., Blasi, P., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Bohacova, M., Bonifazi, C., Bonino, R., Boratav, M., Brack, J., Brogueira, P., Brown, W.C., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Burton, R.E., Busca, N.G., Caballero-Mora, K.S., Cai, B., Camin, D.V., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Carvalho, W., Castellina, A., Catalano, O., Cataldi, G., Cazon-Boado, L., Cester, R., Chauvin, J., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J.A., Chou, A., Chye, J., Clark, P.D.J., Clay, R.W., Colombo, E., Conceiçao, R., Connolly, B., Contreras, F., Coppens, J., Cordier, A., Cotti, U., Coutu, S., Covault, C.E., Creusot, A., Cronin, J., Curutiu, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B.R., de Almeida, R.M., de Donato, C., de Jong, S.J., de La Vega, G., de Mello Junior, W.J.M., de Mello Neto, J.R.T., de Mitri, I., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Della Selva, A., Delle Fratte, C., Dembinski, H., Di Giulio, C., Diaz, J.C., Dobrigkeit, C., d'Olivo, J.C., Dornic, D., Dorofeev, A., dos Anjos, J.C., Dova, M.T., d'Urso, D., Dutan, I., Duvernois, M.A., Engel, R., Epele, L., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C.O., Etchegoyen, A., Facal San Luis, P., Falcke, H., Farrar, G., Fauth, A.C., Fazzini, N., Fernandez, Arnaud, Ferrer, F., Ferry, S., Fick, B., Filevich, A., Filipcic, A., Fleck, I., Fonte, R., Fracchiolla, C.E., Fulgione, W., Garc&#305a, B., Garc&#305a Gamez, D., Garcia-Pinto, D., Garrido, X., Geenen, H., Gelmini, G., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P.L., Giller, M., Glass, H., Gold, M.S., Golup, G., Gomez Albarracin, F., Gomez, M., Gomez Herrero, R., Gonçalves, Paulo, Gonçalves Do Amaral, M., Gonzalez, D., Gonzalez, J.G., Gonzalez, M., Gora, D., Gorgi, A., Gouffon, P., Grassi, V., Grillo, A.F., Grunfeld, C., Guardincerri, Y., Guarino, F., Guedes, G.P., Gutiérrez, J., Hague, J.D., Hamilton, J.-C., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harmsma, S., Harton, J.L., Haungs, A., Hauschildt, T., Healy, M.D., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hojvat, C., Holmes, V.C., Homola, P., Hörandel, J., Horneffer, A., Horvat, M., Hrabovsky, M., Huege, T., Iarlori, M., Insolia, A., Ionita, F., Italiano, A., Kaducak, M., Kampert, K.H., Karova, T., Kégl, Balázs, Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R.M., Klages, H.O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapik, R., Knapp, J., Koang, D.H., Kopmann, A., Krieger, A., Krömer, O., Kümpel, D., Kunka, N., Kusenko, A., La Rosa, G., Lachaud, C., Lago, B.L., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Lee, J., Leigui, M.A., Oliveira, De, Letessier-Selvon, A., Leuthold, M., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lopez, R., Lopez, A., Lozano Bahilo, J., Maccarone, M.C., Macolino, C., Maldera, S., Malek, M., Mancarella, G., Mancenido, M.E., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A.G., Maris, I.C., Martello, D., Mart&#305nez, J., Mart&#305nez Bravo, O., Mathes, H.J., Matthews, J., Matthews, J.A.J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mazur, P.O., Mccauley, T., Mcewen, M., Mcneil, R.R., Medina, M.C., Medina-Tanco, G., Meli, A., Melo, D., Menichetti, E., Menschikov, A., Meurer, Chr., Meyhandan, R., Micheletti, M.I., Miele, G., Miller, W., Mollerach, S., Monasor, M., Monnier Ragaigne, D., Montanet, F., Morales, B., Morello, C., Moreno, E., Moreno, J.C., Morris, C., Mostafa, M., Muller, M.A., Mussa, R., Navarra, G., Navarro, J.L., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Newman-Holmes, C., Newton, D., Nguyen Thi, T., Nierstenhöfer, N., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Nozka, L., Oehlschläger, J., Ohnuki, T., Olinto, A., Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M., Ortiz, M., Ostapchenko, S., Otero, L., Pakk Selmi-Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Parente, G., Parizot, E., Parlati, S., Pastor, S., Patel, M., Paul, T., Pavlidou, V., Payet, K., Pech, M., Pekala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I.M., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrinca, P., Petrov, Y., Pham Ngoc, Diep, Pham Ngoc, Dong, Pham Thi, T.N., Pichel, A., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pinto, T., Pirronello, V., Pisanti, O., Platino, M., Pochon, J., Porter, T.A., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E.J., Rautenberg, J., Reucroft, S., Revenu, Benoît, Rezende, F.A.S., R&#305dky, J., Riggi, S., Risse, M., Rivière, C., Rizi, V., Roberts, M., Robledo, C., Rodriguez, G., Rodr&#305guez Fr&#305as, D., Rodriguez Martino, J., Rodriguez, J., Rodriguez-Cabo, I., Ros, G., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B., Roulet, E., Rovero, A.C., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Sanchez, F., Santander, M., Santo, C.E., Santos, E.M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, S., Sato, R., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, F., Schmidt, T., Scholten, O., Schovanek, P., Schüssler, F., Sciutto, S.J., Scuderi, M., Segreto, A., Semikoz, D.V., Settimo, M., Shellard, R.C., Sidelnik, I., Siffert, B.B., Sigl, G., Smetniansky de Grande, N., Smia&#322kowski, A., Sm&#305da, R., Smith, A.G.K., Smith, B.E., Snow, G.R., Sokolsky, P., Sommers, P., Sorokin, J., Spinka, H., Squartini, R., Strazzeri, E., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A.D., Sutherland, M.S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Takahashi, J., Tamashiro, A., Tamburro, A., Tascau, O., Tcaciuc, R., Thomas, D., Ticona, R., Tiffenberg, J., Timmermans, C., Tkaczyk, W., Todero Peixoto, C.J., Tomé, B., Tonachini D. Torresi, A., Travnicek, P., Tripathi, A., Tristram, G., Tscherniakhovski, D., Tueros, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, Martin, Valdés Galicia, J.F., Valino, I., Valore, L., van den Berg, A.M., van Elewyck, V., Vazquez, R.A., Veberic, D., Veiga, A., Velarde, A., Venters, T., Verzi, V., Videla, M., Villasenor, L., Vorobiov, S., Voyvodic, L., Wainberg, O., Walker, P., Warner, D., Watson, A.A., Westerhoff, S., Wieczorek, G., Wiencke, L., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Wileman, C., Winnick, M.G., Wu, H., Wundheiler, B., Xu, J., Yamamoto, T., Younk, P., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zech, A., Zepeda, A., Ziolkowski, M., APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), APC - THEORIE, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Universität Hamburg (UHH)-Universität Hamburg (UHH), PIERRE AUGER, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut für theoretische Physik, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut für theoretische Physik

Subjects
Astroparticle physics, Physics, Active galactic nucleus, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing)
Published
2008
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40. Anisotropy studies around the galactic centre at EeV energies with the Auger Observatory

Author

Abraham, J. Aglietta, M. Aguirre, C. Allard, D. Allekotte, I. Allison, P. Alvarez, C. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Ambrosio, M. Anchordoqui, L. Anjos, J.C. Aramo, C. Arisaka, K. Armengaud, E. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, F. Asch, T. Asorey, H. Atulugama, B.S. Aublin, J. Ave, M. Avila, G. Bacelar, J. Bäcker, T. Badagnani, D. Barbosa, A.F. Barbosa, H.M.J. Barkhausen, M. Barnhill, D. Barroso, S.L.C. Bauleo, P. Beatty, J. Beau, T. Becker, B.R. Becker, K.H. Bellido, J.A. BenZvi, S. Berat, C. Bergmann, T. Bernardini, P. Bertou, X. Biermann, P.L. Billoir, P. Blanch-Bigas, O. Blanco, F. Blasi, P. Bleve, C. Blümer, H. Boghrat, P. Boháčová, M. Bonifazi, C. Bonino, R. Boratav, M. Brack, J. Brunet, J.M. Buchholz, P. Busca, N.G. Caballero-Mora, K.S. Cai, B. Camin, D.V. Capdevielle, J.N. Caruso, R. Castellina, A. Cataldi, G. Cazón, L. Cester, R. Chauvin, J. Chiavassa, A. Chinellato, J.A. Chou, A. Chye, J. Claes, D. Clark, P.D.J. Clay, R.W. Clay, S.B. Connolly, B. Cordier, A. Cotti, U. Coutu, S. Covault, C.E. Cronin, J. Dagoret-Campagne, S. Quang, T.D. Darriulat, P. Daumiller, K. Dawson, B.R. de Almeida, R.M. de Carvalho, L.A. De Donato, C. de Jong, S.J. de Mello Jr., W.J.M. de Mello Neto, J.R.T. De Mitri, I. de Oliveira, M.A.L. de Souza, V. del Peral, L. Deligny, O. Selva, A.D. Fratte, C.D. Dembinski, H. Di Giulio, C. Diaz, J.C. Dobrigkeit, C. D'Olivo, J.C. Dornic, D. Dorofeev, A. Dova, M.T. D'Urso, D. DuVernois, M.A. Engel, R. Epele, L. Erdmann, M. Escobar, C.O. Etchegoyen, A. Ewers, A. Facal San Luis, P. Falcke, H. Fauth, A.C. Fazio, D. Fazzini, N. Fernández, A. Ferrer, F. Ferry, S. Fick, B. Filevich, A. Filipčič, A. Fleck, I. Fokitis, E. Fonte, R. Fuhrmann, D. Fulgione, W. García, B. Garcia-Pinto, D. Garrard, L. Garrido, X. Geenen, H. Gelmini, G. Gemmeke, H. Geranios, A. Ghia, P.L. Giller, M. Gitto, J. Glass, H. Gobbi, F. Gold, M.S. Gomez Albarracin, F. Gómez Berisso, M. Gómez Herrero, R. Gonçalves do Amaral, M. Gongora, J.P. Gonzalez, D. Gonzalez, J.G. González, M. Góra, D. Gorgi, A. Gouffon, P. Grassi, V. Grillo, A. Grunfeld, C. Grupen, C. Guarino, F. Guedes, G.P. Gutiérrez, J. Hague, J.D. Hamilton, J.C. Harakeh, M.N. Harari, D. Harmsma, S. Hartmann, S. Harton, J.L. Haungs, A. Healy, M.D. Hebbeker, T. Heck, D. Hojvat, C. Homola, P. Hörandel, J. Horneffer, A. Horvat, M. Hrabovský, M. Huege, T. Iarlori, M. Insolia, A. Kaducak, M. Kalashev, O. Kampert, K.H. Keilhauer, B. Kemp, E. Klages, H.O. Kleifges, M. Kleinfeller, J. Knapik, R. Knapp, J. Koang, D.-H. Kolotaev, Y. Kopmann, A. Krömer, O. Kuhlman, S. Kuijpers, J. Kunka, N. Kusenko, A. Lachaud, C. Lago, B.L. Lebrun, D. LeBrun, P. Lee, J. Letessier-Selvon, A. Leuthold, M. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Longo, G. López, R. Lopez Agüera, A. Lucero, A. Maldera, S. Malek, M. Maltezos, S. Mancarella, G. Manceñido, M.E. Mandat, D. Mantsch, P. Mariazzi, A.G. Maris, I.C. Martello, D. Martinez, N. Martínez, J. Martínez, O. Mathes, H.J. Matthews, J. Matthews, J.A.J. Matthiae, G. Maurin, G. Maurizio, D. Mazur, P.O. McCauley, T. McEwen, M. McNeil, R.R. Medina, G. Medina, M.C. Medina Tanco, G. Meli, A. Melo, D. Menichetti, E. Menshikov, A. Meurer, Chr. Meyhandan, R. Micheletti, M.I. Miele, G. Miller, W. Mollerach, S. Monasor, M. Monnier Ragaigne, D. Montanet, F. Morales, B. Morello, C. Moreno, E. Morris, C. Mostafá, M. Muller, M.A. Mussa, R. Navarra, G. Nellen, L. Newman-Holmes, C. Newton, D. Thi, T.N. Nichol, R. Nierstenhöfer, N. Nitz, D. Nogima, H. Nosek, D. Nožka, L. Oehlschläger, J. Ohnuki, T. Olinto, A. Oliveira, L.F.A. Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M. Ortiz, M. Ostapchenko, S. Otero, L. Palatka, M. Pallotta, J. Parente, G. Parizot, E. Parlati, S. Patel, M. Paul, T. Payet, K. Pech, M. Pȩkala, J. Pelayo, R. Pepe, I.M. Perrone, L. Petrera, S. Petrinca, P. Petrov, Y. Pham Ngoc, D. Pham Thi, T.N. Piegaia, R. Pierog, T. Pisanti, O. Porter, T.A. Pouryamout, J. Prado Jr., L. Privitera, P. Prouza, M. Quel, E.J. Rautenberg, J. Reis, H.C. Reucroft, S. Revenu, B. Řídký, J. Risi, A. Risse, M. Rivière, C. Rizi, V. Robbins, S. Roberts, M. Robledo, C. Rodriguez, G. Rodríguez Frías, D. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Ros, G. Rosado, J. Roth, M. Roucelle, C. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B. Roulet, E. Rovero, A.C. Salamida, F. Salazar, H. Salina, G. Sánchez, F. Santander, M. Santos, E.M. Sarkar, S. Sato, R. Scherini, V. Schieler, H. Schmidt, T. Scholten, O. Schovánek, P. Schüssler, F. Sciutto, S.J. Scuderi, M. Semikoz, D. Sequeiros, G. Shellard, R.C. Siffert, B.B. Sigl, G. Skelton, P. Slater, W. De Grande, N.S. Smiałkowski, A. Šmída, R. Smith, B.E. Snow, G.R. Sokolsky, P. Sommers, P. Sorokin, J. Spinka, H. Strazzeri, E. Stutz, A. Suarez, F. Suomijärvi, T. Supanitsky, A.D. Swain, J. Szadkowski, Z. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, A. Tascau, O. Ticona, R. Timmermans, C. Tkaczyk, W. Todero Peixoto, C.J. Tonachini, A. Torresi, D. Travnicek, P. Tripathi, A. Tristram, G. Tscherniakhovski, D. Tueros, M. Tunnicliffe, V. Ulrich, R. Unger, M. Urban, M. Valdés Galicia, J.F. Valiño, I. Valore, L. van den Berg, A.M. van Elewyck, V. Vazquez, R.A. Veberič, D. Veiga, A. Velarde, A. Venters, T. Verzi, V. Videla, M. Villaseñor, L. Vo Van, T. Vorobiov, S. Voyvodic, L. Wahlberg, H. Wainberg, O. Waldenmaier, T. Walker, P. Warner, D. Watson, A.A. Westerhoff, S. Wiebusch, C. Wieczorek, G. Wiencke, L. Wilczyńska, B. Wilczyński, H. Wileman, C. Winnick, M.G. Xu, J. Yamamoto, T. Younk, P. Zas, E. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zech, A. Zepeda, A. Zha, M. Ziolkowski, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Data from the Pierre Auger Observatory are analyzed to search for anisotropies near the direction of the Galactic Centre at EeV energies. The exposure of the surface array in this part of the sky is already significantly larger than that of the fore-runner experiments. Our results do not support previous findings of localized excesses in the AGASA and SUGAR data. We set an upper bound on a point-like flux of cosmic rays arriving from the Galactic Centre which excludes several scenarios predicting sources of EeV neutrons from Sagittarius A. Also the events detected simultaneously by the surface and fluorescence detectors (the 'hybrid' data set), which have better pointing accuracy but are less numerous than those of the surface array alone, do not show any significant localized excess from this direction. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2007

41. An upper limit to the photon fraction in cosmic rays above 1019 eV from the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author

Abraham, J. Aglietta, M. Aguirre, C. Allard, D. Allekotte, I. Allison, P. Alvarez, C. Alvarez-Muñiz, J. Ambrosio, M. Anchordoqui, L. Anjos, J.C. Aramo, C. Arisaka, K. Armengaud, E. Arneodo, F. Arqueros, F. Asch, T. Asorey, H. Atulugama, B.S. Aublin, J. Ave, M. Avila, G. Bacelar, J. Bäcker, T. Badagnani, D. Barbosa, A.F. Barbosa, H.M.J. Barkhausen, M. Barnhill, D. Barroso, S.L.C. Bauleo, P. Beatty, J. Beau, T. Becker, B.R. Becker, K.H. Bellido, J.A. BenZvi, S. Berat, C. Bergmann, T. Bernardini, P. Bertou, X. Biermann, P.L. Billoir, P. Blanch-Bigas, O. Blanco, F. Blasi, P. Bleve, C. Blümer, H. Boghrat, P. Boháčová, M. Bonifazi, C. Bonino, R. Boratav, M. Brack, J. Brunet, J.M. Buchholz, P. Busca, N.G. Caballero-Mora, K.S. Cai, B. Camin, D.V. Capdevielle, J.N. Caruso, R. Castellina, A. Cataldi, G. Cazón, L. Cester, R. Chauvin, J. Chiavassa, A. Chinellato, J.A. Chou, A. Chye, J. Claes, D. Clark, P.D.J. Clay, R.W. Clay, S.B. Connolly, B. Cordier, A. Cotti, U. Coutu, S. Covault, C.E. Cronin, J. Dagoret-Campagne, S. Dang Quang, T. Darriulat, P. Daumiller, K. Dawson, B.R. de Almeida, R.M. de Carvalho, L.A. De Donato, C. de Jong, S.J. de Mello Jr., W.J.M. de Mello Neto, J.R.T. De Mitri, I. de Oliveira, M.A.L. de Souza, V. del Peral, L. Deligny, O. Della Selva, A. Delle Fratte, C. Dembinski, H. Di Giulio, C. Diaz, J.C. Dobrigkeit, C. D'Olivo, J.C. Dornic, D. Dorofeev, A. Dova, M.T. D'Urso, D. DuVernois, M.A. Engel, R. Epele, L. Erdmann, M. Escobar, C.O. Etchegoyen, A. Ewers, A. Facal San Luis, P. Falcke, H. Fauth, A.C. Fazio, D. Fazzini, N. Fernández, A. Ferrer, F. Ferry, S. Fick, B. Filevich, A. Filipčič, A. Fleck, I. Fokitis, E. Fonte, R. Fuhrmann, D. Fulgione, W. García, B. Garcia-Pinto, D. Garrard, L. Garrido, X. Geenen, H. Gelmini, G. Gemmeke, H. Geranios, A. Ghia, P.L. Giller, M. Gitto, J. Glass, H. Gobbi, F. Gold, M.S. Gomez Albarracin, F. Gómez Berisso, M. Gómez Herrero, R. Gonçalves do Amaral, M. Gongora, J.P. Gonzalez, D. Gonzalez, J.G. González, M. Góra, D. Gorgi, A. Gouffon, P. Grassi, V. Grillo, A. Grunfeld, C. Grupen, C. Guarino, F. Guedes, G.P. Gutiérrez, J. Hague, J.D. Hamilton, J.C. Harakeh, M.N. Harari, D. Harmsma, S. Hartmann, S. Harton, J.L. Healy, M.D. Hebbeker, T. Heck, D. Hojvat, C. Homola, P. Hörandel, J. Horneffer, A. Horvat, M. Hrabovský, M. Iarlori, M. Insolia, A. Kaducak, M. Kalashev, O. Kampert, K.H. Keilhauer, B. Kemp, E. Klages, H.O. Kleifges, M. Kleinfeller, J. Knapik, R. Knapp, J. Koang, D.-H. Kolotaev, Y. Kopmann, A. Krömer, O. Kuhlman, S. Kuijpers, J. Kunka, N. Kusenko, A. Lachaud, C. Lago, B.L. Lebrun, D. LeBrun, P. Lee, J. Letessier-Selvon, A. Leuthold, M. Lhenry-Yvon, I. Longo, G. López, R. Lopez Agüera, A. Lucero, A. Maldera, S. Malek, M. Maltezos, S. Mancarella, G. Manceñido, M.E. Mandat, D. Mantsch, P. Mariazzi, A.G. Maris, I.C. Martello, D. Martinez, N. Martínez, J. Martínez, O. Mathes, H.J. Matthews, J. Matthews, J.A.J. Matthiae, G. Maurin, G. Maurizio, D. Mazur, P.O. McCauley, T. McEwen, M. McNeil, R.R. Medina, G. Medina, M.C. Medina Tanco, G. Meli, A. Melo, D. Menichetti, E. Menshikov, A. Meurer, Chr. Meyhandan, R. Micheletti, M.I. Miele, G. Miller, W. Mollerach, S. Monasor, M. Monnier Ragaigne, D. Montanet, F. Morales, B. Morello, C. Moreno, E. Morris, C. Mostafá, M. Muller, M.A. Mussa, R. Navarra, G. Nellen, L. Newman-Holmes, C. Newton, D. Nguyen Thi, T. Nichol, R. Nierstenhöfer, N. Nitz, D. Nogima, H. Nosek, D. Nožka, L. Oehlschläger, J. Ohnuki, T. Olinto, A. Oliveira, L.F.A. Olmos-Gilbaja, V.M. Ortiz, M. Ostapchenko, S. Otero, L. Palatka, M. Pallotta, J. Parente, G. Parizot, E. Parlati, S. Patel, M. Paul, T. Payet, K. Pech, M. Pȩkala, J. Pelayo, R. Pepe, I.M. Perrone, L. Petrera, S. Petrinca, P. Petrov, Y. Pham Ngoc, D. Pham Thi, T.N. Piegaia, R. Pierog, T. Pisanti, O. Porter, T.A. Pouryamout, J. Prado Jr., L. Privitera, P. Prouza, M. Quel, E.J. Rautenberg, J. Reis, H.C. Reucroft, S. Revenu, B. Řídký, J. Risi, A. Risse, M. Rivière, C. Rizi, V. Robbins, S. Roberts, M. Robledo, C. Rodriguez, G. Rodríguez Frías, D. Rodriguez Martino, J. Rodriguez Rojo, J. Ros, G. Rosado, J. Roth, M. Roucelle, C. Rouillé-d'Orfeuil, B. Roulet, E. Rovero, A.C. Salamida, F. Salazar, H. Salina, G. Sánchez, F. Santander, M. Santos, E.M. Sarkar, S. Sato, R. Scherini, V. Schmidt, T. Scholten, O. Schovánek, P. Schüssler, F. Sciutto, S.J. Scuderi, M. Semikoz, D. Sequeiros, G. Shellard, R.C. Siffert, B.B. Sigl, G. Skelton, P. Slater, W. Smetniansky De Grande, N. Smiałkowski, A. Šmída, R. Smith, B.E. Snow, G.R. Sokolsky, P. Sommers, P. Sorokin, J. Spinka, H. Strazzeri, E. Stutz, A. Suarez, F. Suomijärvi, T. Supanitsky, A.D. Swain, J. Szadkowski, Z. Tamashiro, A. Tamburro, A. Tascau, O. Ticona, R. Timmermans, C. Tkaczyk, W. Todero Peixoto, C.J. Tonachini, A. Torresi, D. Travnicek, P. Tripathi, A. Tristram, G. Tscherniakhovski, D. Tueros, M. Tunnicliffe, V. Ulrich, R. Unger, M. Urban, M. Valdés Galicia, J.F. Valiño, I. Valore, L. van den Berg, A.M. van Elewyck, V. Vazquez, R.A. Veberič, D. Veiga, A. Velarde, A. Venters, T. Verzi, V. Videla, M. Villaseñor, L. Vo Van, T. Vorobiov, S. Voyvodic, L. Wahlberg, H. Wainberg, O. Waldenmaier, T. Walker, P. Warner, D. Watson, A.A. Westerhoff, S. Wiebusch, C. Wieczorek, G. Wiencke, L. Wilczyńska, B. Wilczyński, H. Wileman, C. Winnick, M.G. Xu, J. Yamamoto, T. Younk, P. Zas, E. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zech, A. Zepeda, A. Zha, M. Ziolkowski, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

An upper limit of 16% (at 95% c.l.) is derived for the photon fraction in cosmic rays with energies greater than 1019 eV, based on observations of the depth of shower maximum performed with the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. This is the first such limit on photons obtained by observing the fluorescence light profile of air showers. This upper limit confirms and improves on previous results from the Haverah Park and AGASA surface arrays. Additional data recorded with the Auger surface detectors for a subset of the event sample support the conclusion that a photon origin of the observed events is not favored. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2007

42. Radio detection of cosmic rays with LOPES (LOPES Collaboration)

Author

Grupen,C., Apel,W.D., Asch,T., Badea,A.F., Bähren,L., Bekk,K., Bercuci,A., Bertaina,M., Biermann,P.L., Blümer,J., Bozdog,H., Brancus,I.M., Buitink,S., Brüggemann,M., Buchholz,P., Butcher,H., Chiavassa,A., Cossavella,F., Daumiller,K., Di Pierro,F., Doll,P., Engel,R., Falcke,H., Gemmeke,H., Ghia,P.L., Glasstetter,R., Haungs,A., Heck,D., Hörandel,J.R., Horneffer,A., Huege,T., Kampert,K.H., Kolotaev,Y., Krömer,O., Kuijpers,J., Lafebre,S., Mathes,H.J., Mayer,H.J., Meurer,C., Milke,J., Mitrica,B., Morello,C., Navarra,G., Nehls,S., Nigl,A., Obenland,R., Oehlschläger,J., Ostapchenko,S., Over,S., Petcu,M., Petrovic,J., Pierog,T., Plewnia,S., Rebel,H., Roth,M., Schieler,H., Sima,O., Singh,K., Stümpert,M., Toma,G., Trinchero,G.C., Ulrich,H., van Buren,J., Walkowiak,W., Weindl,A., Wochele,J., Zabierowski,J., Zensus,J.A., and Zimmermann,D.

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extensive air shower, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radio emission, Cosmic rays
Abstract

Data taken with a radio antenna array in combination with the ground-level air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande at the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe open up the possibility to measure large extensive air showers with this new technique. The pulse height of the observed radio signals scales with the primary energy of the particles initiating the air shower. The dependence of the radio signal on the angle of the shower axis with respect to the Earth's geomagnetic field and the coherence of the radiation suggest that the radio signal generation is due to the geosynchrotron mechanism.

Published
2006

43. Radio emission in air showers measured by LOPES-10 in coincidence with KASCADE-Grande observations

Author

Badea, A. F., Apel, W. D., Asch, T., Bähren, L., Bekk, K., Bercuci, A., Bertaina, M., Biermann, P. L., Blümer, J., Bozdog, H., Brancus, I. M., Buitink, S., Brüggemann, M., Buchholz, P., Butcher, H., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Daumiller, K., Pierro, F. di, Doll, P., Engel, R., Falcke, H., Gemmeke, H., Ghia, P. L., Glasstetter, R., Grupen, C., Haungs, A., Heck, D., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K. H., Kolotaev, Y., Krömer, O., Kuijpers, J., Lafebre, S., Mathes, H. J., Mayer, H. J., Meurer, C., Milke, J., Mitrica, B., Morello, C., Navarra, G., Nehls, S., Nigl, A., Obenland, R., Oehlschläger, J., Ostapchenko, S., Over, S., Petcu, M., Petrovic, J., Pierog, T., Plewnia, S., Rebel, H., Risse, A., Roth, M., Schieler, H., Sima, O., Singh, K., Stümpert, M., Toma, G., Trinchero, G. C., Ulrich, H., Buren, J. van, Walkowiak, W., Weindl, A., Wochele, J., Zabierowski, J., Zensus, J. A., and Zimmermann, D.

Subjects
Physics, ddc:530
Published
2006
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44. Status and first results of the Tunka Radio Extension.

Author

Hiller, R., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O. A., Haungs, A., Huege, T., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Konstantinov, A., Konstantinov, E. N., Korosteleva, E. E., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmiche, L. A., Mirgazov, R. R., Pankov, L., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Rühle, C., Schröder, F. G., and Svetnitsky, E.

Subjects
RADIO detectors, RADIO technology equipment, COSMIC rays, ELECTROMAGNETIC waves, RADIATION
Published
2014

45. Radar reflection off extensive air showers.

Author

Stasielak, J., Baur, S., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Chiavassa, A., Engel, R., Haungs, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K.-H., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Krömer, O., Ludwig, M., Mathys, S., Neunteufel, P., Pekala, J., Rautenberg, J., Riegel, M., Roth, M., and Salamida, F.

Subjects
RADAR research, RADIO waves, ANTENNAS (Electronics), AUTOMATIC detection in radar, COSMIC rays, RADIO transmitters & transmission
Abstract

We investigate the possibility of detecting extensive air showers by the radar technique. Considering a bistatic radar system and different shower geometries, we simulate reflection of radio waves off the static plasma produced by the shower in the air. Using the Thomson cross-section for radio wave reflection, we obtain the time evolution of the signal received by the antennas. The frequency upshift of the radar echo and the power received are studied to verify the feasibility of the radar detection technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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46. Observation of microwave emission from extensive air showers with CROME.

Author

Šmída, R., Baur, S., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Chiavassa, A., Engel, R., Haungs, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K.-H., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Krömer, O., Ludwig, M., Mathys, S., Neunteufel, P., Pekala, J., Rautenberg, J., Riegel, M., Roth, M., and Salamida, F.

Subjects
MICROWAVES, COSMIC rays, ANTENNAS (Electronics), ELECTRONS, TELECOMMUNICATION satellites
Abstract

We report on the measurement of microwave radio signals from air showers with the CROME (Cosmic Ray Observation via Microwave Emission) experiment. CROME is located in the center of the KASCADE-Grande air shower array. The radio signals of the CROME antennas are stored for each high- energy trigger from the KASCADE-Grande array and matched offline with the KASCADE-Grande data. After almost one year of data taking microwave signals have been observed for more than ten air showers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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47. Cosmic-ray Observation via Microwave Emission (CROME).

Author

Sˇmída, R., Bertaina, M., Blümer, J., Chiavassa, A., Cossavella, F., Di Pierro, F., Engel, R., Haungs, A., Huege, T., Kampert, K.-H., Klages, H., Kleifges, M., Krömer, O., Ludwig, M., Mathys, S., Neunteufel, P., Pekala, J., Rautenberg, J., Riegel, M., and Roth, M.

Subjects
COSMIC ray showers, ASTRONOMICAL observations, MICROWAVES, PHYSICS experiments, SIGNALS & signaling, CALIBRATION, PERFORMANCE evaluation
Abstract

The CROME experiment has been designed for a measurement of microwave signals emitted by extensive air showers. It has been fully operational since May 2011 in cooperation with the KASCADE-Grande experiment. A signal in the extended C band range (3.4-4.2GHz) is read out for every trigger provided by KASCADE-Grande. Due to the air shower reconstruction by KASCADE-Grande we could analyse all events crossing the field of view of the CROME antennas. Clear microwave signal was measured for twenty cosmic ray showers over one year of measurement. The detector setup and its performance are described in this proceeding. We provide details also about test and calibration measurements, which have provided a detailed knowledge of our detector. We conclude by showing microwave pulses measured by CROME for extensive air showers above 1016.5 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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48. Tunka-Rex: A radio antenna array for the Tunka experiment.

Author

Schröder, F. G., Besson, D., Budnev, N. M., Gress, O. A., Haungs, A., Hiller, R., Kazarina, Y., Kleifges, M., Konstantinov, A., Korosteleva, E. E., Kostunin, D., Krömer, O., Kuzmichev, L. A., Mirgazov, R. R., Pankov, A., Prosin, V. V., Rubtsov, G. I., Rühle, C., Savinov, V., and Stockham, J.

Subjects
RADIO antennas, ANTENNA arrays, PHYSICS experiments, DATA acquisition systems, PHOTOMULTIPLIERS, CHERENKOV radiation, COSMIC rays, ASTRONOMICAL observations
Abstract

Tunka-Rex, the Tunka radio extension, is an array of 20 antennas at the Tunka experiment close to Lake Baikal in Siberia. It started operation on 08 October 2012. The antennas are connected directly to the data acquisition of the Tunka main detector, a 1km2 large array of 133 non-imaging photomultipliers observing the Cherenkov light of air showers in dark and clear nights. This allows to cross-calibrate the radio signal with the air-Cherenkov signal of the same air showers - in particular with respect to the energy and the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, Xmax. Consequently, we can test whether in rural regions with low radio background the practically achievable radio precision comes close to the precision of the established fluorescence and air-Cherenkov techniques. At a mid-term perspective, due to its higher duty-cycle, Tunka-Rex can enhance the effective observing time of Tunka by an order of magnitude, at least in the interesting energy range above 100PeV. Moreover, Tunka-Rex is very cost-effective, e.g., by using economic Short Aperiodic Loaded Loop Antennas (SALLAs). Thus, the results of Tunka-Rex and the comparison to other sophisticated radio arrays will provide crucial input for future large-scale cosmic-ray observatories, for which measurement precision as well as costs per area have to be optimized. In this paper we shortly describe the Tunka-Rex setup and discuss the technical and scientific goals of Tunka-Rex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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49. Tunka-Rex: a Radio Extension of the Tunka Experiment.

Author

Schröder, F G, Besson, D, Budnev, N M, Gress, O A, Haungs, A, Hiller, R, Kazarina, Y, Kleifges, M, Konstantinov, A, Korosteleva, E E, Kostunin, D, Krömer, O, Kuzmichev, L A, Mirgazov, R R, Pankov, A, Prosin, V V, Rubtsov, G I, Rühle, C, Savinov, V, and Stockham, J

Published
2013
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50. Invited Article: Electric solar wind sail: Toward test missions.

Author

Janhunen, P., Toivanen, P. K., Polkko, J., Merikallio, S., Salminen, P., Haeggström, E., Seppänen, H., Kurppa, R., Ukkonen, J., Kiprich, S., Thornell, G., Kratz, H., Richter, L., Krömer, O., Rosta, R., Noorma, M., Envall, J., Lätt, S., Mengali, G., and Quarta, A. A.

Subjects
SOLAR wind, SPACE flight propulsion systems, ELECTRONS, TETHERED space vehicles, THRUST of rocket engines, SPACE flight, NAVIGATION (Astronautics), SOLAR system
Abstract

The electric solar wind sail (E-sail) is a space propulsion concept that uses the natural solar wind dynamic pressure for producing spacecraft thrust. In its baseline form, the E-sail consists of a number of long, thin, conducting, and centrifugally stretched tethers, which are kept in a high positive potential by an onboard electron gun. The concept gains its efficiency from the fact that the effective sail area, i.e., the potential structure of the tethers, can be millions of times larger than the physical area of the thin tethers wires, which offsets the fact that the dynamic pressure of the solar wind is very weak. Indeed, according to the most recent published estimates, an E-sail of 1 N thrust and 100 kg mass could be built in the rather near future, providing a revolutionary level of propulsive performance (specific acceleration) for travel in the solar system. Here we give a review of the ongoing technical development work of the E-sail, covering tether construction, overall mechanical design alternatives, guidance and navigation strategies, and dynamical and orbital simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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