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Abstract Urate nephropathy, a common complication of hyperuricemia, has garnered increasing attention worldwide. However, the exact pathogenesis of this condition remains unclear. Currently, inflammation is widely accepted as the key factor in urate nephropathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the interaction of lincRNA-p21/AIF-1/CMPK2/NLRP3 via exosomes in urate nephropathy. This study evaluated the effect of lincRNA-p21/AIF-1/CMPK2/NLRP3 using clinical data collected from patients with urate nephropathy and human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) cultured with different concentrations of urate. In clinical research section, the level of lincRNA-p21/AIF-1 in exosomes of urine in patients with hyperuricemia or urate nephropathy was found to be increased, particularly in patients with urate nephropathy. In vitro study section, the level of exosomes, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis was increased in HK2 cells induced by urate. Additionally, the expression of lincRNA-p21, AIF-1, CMPK2, and NLRP3 was upregulated in exosomes and HK2 cells. Furthermore, manipulating the activity of lincRNA-p21, AIF-1, CMPK2, and NLRP3 through overexpression or interference vectors regulated the level of inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in HK2 cells. In conclusion, the pathway of lincRNA-p21/AIF-1/CMPK2/NLRP3 contributed to inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cell induced by urate via exosomes. Additionally, the specific exosomes in urine might serve as novel biomarkers for urate nephropathy.

Background: Limited evidence exists regarding the association between ozone exposure and adverse sperm quality. We aimed to assess the association between ozone exposure and sperm quality, and identify susceptible exposure windows. Methods: We recruited 32,541 men aged between 22 and 65 years old attending an infertility clinic in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China from 2014 to 2020. Ozone data were obtained from a satellite-based spatiotemporal model. Generalized linear models were used to estimate the association between ozone exposure and sperm quality parameters, including sperm concentration, sperm count, sperm total motility, and sperm progressive motility during the entire stage of sperm development (0–90 days before ejaculation) and three crucial stages (0–9 days, 10–14 days and 70–90 days before ejaculation). Stratified analyses were performed to evaluate whether associations varied by age, body mass index, and education levels. Results: The final analysis included 27,854 adult men. A 10 μg/m3 increase in ozone concentrations during the entire stage of sperm development was associated with a −4.17 % (95 % CI: −4.78 %, −3.57 %) decrease in sperm concentration, −6.54 % (95 % CI: −8.03 %, −5.60 %) decrease in sperm count, −0.50 % (95 % CI: −0.66 %, −0.34 %) decrease in sperm total motility, and −0.07 % (95 % CI: −0.22 %, 0.09 %) decrease in sperm progressive motility. The associations were stronger during 70–90 days before ejaculation and among men with middle school and lower education for sperm concentration. Conclusions: Ozone exposure was associated with decreased sperm quality among Chinese adult men attending an infertility clinic. These results suggest that ozone may be a risk factor contributing to decreased sperm quality in Chinese men.

Background: Exposure to fine or respirable particulate matter has been linked to an elevated risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the association between exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 1 μm (PM1) and GDM has not been explored. Methods: We conducted a cohort study involving 60,173 pregnant women from nine hospitals in Beijing, China, from February 2015 to April 2021. Daily concentrations of PM1 and ozone were obtained from a validated spatiotemporal artificial intelligence model. We used a modified Poisson regression combined with distributed lag models to estimate the association between weekly-specific PM1 exposure and the risk of GDM after adjusting for individual-level covariates. Results: Among the 51,299 pregnant women included in the final analysis, 4008 were diagnosed with GDM. Maternal exposure to PM1 during preconception and gestational periods was generally associated with an increased risk of GDM. The most pronounced associations were identified during the 12th week before pregnancy, the 5th-8th weeks of the first trimester, and the 23rd-24th weeks of the second trimester. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM1 was associated with a relative risk of GDM of 1.65 (95 % CI: 1.59, 1.72) during the preconception period, 1.67 (95 % CI: 1.61, 1.73) in the first trimester, 1.52 (95 % CI: 1.47, 1.58) in the second trimester, and 2.54 (95 % CI: 2.45, 2.63) when considering the first and second trimester combined. Conclusions: Exposure to PM1 before and during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of GDM, particularly during the 12 weeks before pregnancy and gestational weeks 5–8 and 23–24.

Marine shale gas has emerged as a prominent unconventional petroleum resource in recent years, known for its abundant reserves and energy potential. Based on the database of geochemical, mineralogy and physical lab measurements, this study investigates the paleoenvironmental conditions and shale gas potential of the Carboniferous Dawuba and Cambrian Niutitang shales in the Upper Yangtze Platform, South China. Analysis of the paleoclimate and water conditions reveals that the Dawuba shale was deposited under a warm and arid climate with reducing conditions that favored organic matter (OM) preservation, transitioning towards marine conditions with increasing salinity. The Niutitang shale experienced a cooler, arid climate with prevalent saltwater and reducing conditions, also conducive to OM preservation. Both formations have reached the post-mature stage, displaying good to excellent source rock potential. The Dawuba shales are characterized by Type II2 kerogens, while the Niutitang shales predominantly contain Type I kerogens, indicating high gas generation potentials for both. The formations are composed of mixed and argillaceous shales, exhibiting ultra-low porosity and permeability but featuring development of dissolution pores, OM pores, and micro-fractures essential for gas storage. Comparative analysis shows the Dawuba shales have superior BET-specific surface areas, total pore volumes, and average pore diameters than the Niutitang shales. However, gas contents in both formations are relatively low, underscoring the necessity for further research on shale gas preservation conditions. The Qiannan Depression in Guizhou, particularly the Shangyuan and Zongdi areas of the Dawuba Formation, are identified as promising regions for shale gas exploration due to favorable geological characteristics. This study highlights the significant shale gas potential in the Upper Yangtze Platform and calls for focused research to optimize exploration and extraction efforts.

Glyoxal oxidase (GLOX, EC 1.2.3.15) is a class of hydrogen peroxide synthases involved in lignin degradation. Several GLOX genes of biotrophic and necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungi have been confirmed to contribute to fungal growth, development, and pathogenicity. However, the composition, sequence characteristics and functions of genes in the GLOX family of hemi-biotrophic phytopathogenic fungi remain poorly understood. This study identified a GLOX-encoding gene CsGLOX in the hemi-biotrophic phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum siamense by bioinformatics analysis and PCR cloning. The encoded protein contains a signal peptide and five cell wall stress-responsive component (WSC) domains at the N terminus, followed by a catalytic structural domain (AA5_1). CsGLOX-deficient mutants were constructed by homologous replacement, which significantly increased the formation of conidia and reduced the pathogenicity and the high-osmotic stress tolerance of the fungus. However, the deletions did not influence fungal filamentous growth. This study proposes that the CsGLOX gene is involved in pathogen conidial formation, pathogenicity, and osmotic stress response, which deepens our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of hemi-biotrophic phytopathogenic fungus C. siamense.

Abstract We conducted a theoretical investigation into how the molecular stacking effect impacts the photophysical properties in solid phases. Our findings indicated that in the aggregated state, the out-of-plane distorted vibration and imidazole ring stretching vibration of triimidazo-[1,3,5] triazinethe are significantly suppressed, which decreased the Huang-Rhys factor and the corresponding reorganization energy of the photophysical process, as a result, this restricted intramolecular motions and dissipation pathways of excess energy in the excited state, therefore, aggregation induced enhancement emission (AIEE) was found for the title compound from dichloromethane solution to solid state. Analysis of the emission spectrum through discrete spectral lines revealed that the main peak was affected by the vibrational modes with lower frequencies, while the middle-frequency modes influenced the shoulder peak. Furthermore, the predicted intersystem crossing rate (k iosk) and reverse intersystem crossing rate (k risc) using Marcus theory confirmed that an electron can successfully shift from its S1 state to the T1 state, however, the reverse T1 → S1 process can not come into being due to very small k risc (10–6–10–9 s–1), therefore the phosphorescence can be observed. At last, we explored the influence of charge transfer process of the title compound, our theoretical data declared this process can be ignored due to its low transfer rate.

Abstract Immunotherapy has become established as major treatment modality for multiple types of solid tumors, including colorectal cancer. Identifying novel immunotherapeutic targets to enhance anti-tumor immunity and sensitize current immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in colorectal cancer is needed. Here we report the histone demethylase PHD finger protein 8 (PHF8, KDM7B), a Jumonji C domain-containing protein that erases repressive histone methyl marks, as an essential mediator of immune escape. Ablation the function of PHF8 abrogates tumor growth, activates anti-tumor immune memory, and augments sensitivity to ICB therapy in mouse models of colorectal cancer. Strikingly, tumor PHF8 deletion stimulates a viral mimicry response in colorectal cancer cells, where the depletion of key components of endogenous nucleic acid sensing diminishes PHF8 loss-meditated antiviral immune responses and anti-tumor effects in vivo. Mechanistically, PHF8 inhibition elicits H3K9me3-dependent retrotransposon activation by promoting proteasomal degradation of the H3K9 methyltransferase SETDB1 in a demethylase-independent manner. Moreover, PHF8 expression is anti-correlated with canonical immune signatures and antiviral immune responses in human colorectal adenocarcinoma. Overall, our study establishes PHF8 as an epigenetic checkpoint, and targeting PHF8 is a promising viral mimicry-inducing approach to enhance intrinsic anti-tumor immunity or to conquer immune resistance.

Paleoenvironmental conditions significantly influence the distribution patterns and organic matter enrichment of shale. This study investigated the vertical variations of major elements, trace elements, and total organic carbon (TOC) in the Lower Carboniferous marine shale from the Yaziluo Rift Trough, South China, to understand the paleoenvironmental conditions, including redox conditions, terrigenous detrital input, paleoproductivity, and paleo-seawater depth. The Lower Carboniferous formation consists of three sedimentary facies: basin facies, lower slope facies, and upper slope facies. From the basin to the lower slope and then to the upper slope facies, TOC, quartz, and pyrite contents gradually decrease, whereas the carbonate mineral content shows an increasing trend. A continuous decline in paleo-seawater depth transformed a deep-water anoxic environment with high paleoproductivity and low detrital input in the basin facies into a semi-deep-water environment with dysoxic-oxic conditions and moderate detrital influx in the lower slope facies, evolving further into a suboxic environment with high detrital flux in the upper slope facies. The geochemistry results suggest that anoxic conditions and high paleoproductivity were the primary controls on organic matter enrichment in the siliceous shale of the basin facies. In contrast, redox conditions significantly influenced organic matter accumulation in the mixed shale of the lower slope facies, attributed to relatively low paleoproductivity in a more restricted marine setting. Additionally, the adsorption of carbon components by clay minerals facilitated the preservation of organic matter in the calcareous shale of the upper slope facies.

The majority of the world’s natural rubber comes from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). As a key enzyme for synthesizing phenylpropanoid compounds, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) has a critical role in plant satisfactory growth and environmental adaptation. To clarify the characteristics of rubber tree PAL family genes, a genome-wide characterization of rubber tree PALs was conducted in this study. Eight PAL genes (HbPAL1-HbPAL8), which spread over chromosomes 3, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 18, were found to be present in the genome of H. brasiliensis. Phylogenetic analysis classified HbPALs into groups I and II, and the group I HbPALs (HbPAL1-HbPAL6) displayed similar conserved motif compositions and gene architectures. Tissue expression patterns of HbPALs quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) proved that distinct HbPALs exhibited varying tissue expression patterns. The HbPAL promoters contained a plethora of cis-acting elements that responded to hormones and stress, and the qPCR analysis demonstrated that abiotic stressors like cold, drought, salt, and H2O2-induced oxidative stress, as well as hormones like salicylic acid, abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, controlled the expression of HbPALs. The majority of HbPALs were also regulated by powdery mildew, anthracnose, and Corynespora leaf fall disease infection. In addition, HbPAL1, HbPAL4, and HbPAL7 were significantly up-regulated in the bark of tapping panel dryness rubber trees relative to that of healthy trees. Our results provide a thorough comprehension of the characteristics of HbPAL genes and set the groundwork for further investigation of the biological functions of HbPALs in rubber trees.

Abstract Background Both low‐carbohydrate (LC) and calorie-restricted (CR) diets have been shown to have metabolic benefits. However, the two regimens have yet to be thoroughly compared. We conducted a 12-week randomized trial to compare the effects of these diets separately and in combination on both weight loss and metabolic risk factors in overweight/obese individuals. Methods A total of 302 participants were randomized to LC diet (n = 76), CR diet (n = 75), LC + CR diet (n = 76), or normal control (NC) diet (n = 75) using a computer-based random number generator. The primary outcome was the change in body mass index (BMI). The secondary outcomes included body weight, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat, and metabolic risk factors. All participants attended health education sessions during the trial. Results A total of 298 participants were analyzed. BMI change over 12 weeks was − 0.6 (95% CI, − 0.8 to − 0.3) kg/m2 in NC, − 1.3 (95% CI, − 1.5 to − 1.1) kg/m2 in CR, − 2.3 (95% CI, − 2.6 to − 2.1) kg/m2 in LC, and − 2.9 (95% CI, − 3.2 to − 2.6) kg/m2 in LC + CR. LC + CR diet was more effective than LC or CR diet alone at reducing BMI (P = 0.001 and P

Cast-in-place pile foundations are widely used in permafrost regions to support buildings. The stability of cast-in-place pile foundations is highly sensitive to permafrost thermal regime changes. Permafrost degradation caused by climate change is increasing the disaster risk of cast-in-place pile foundations. However, proactive cooling methods for cast-in-place pile foundations are seldom reported. The cold energy produced by two-phase closed thermosyphons (TPCTs) can efficiently prevent the permafrost thermal regime from being disturbed by engineering activities and climate change. TPCTs were installed in a concrete pile forming a thermal pile. Then, a model experiment was conducted to explore the thermal regime, influence scope, dissipation process of cold energy, and freezing strength of the thermal pile. The results indicated that the thermal pile may significantly cool the foundation soil. Most of cold energy produced by the thermal pile dissipated during the warm period, and the cooling scope of the thermal pile can cover the area within a 40 cm (twice the pile diameter) radius around the pile. Additionally, the TPCTs can significantly improve freezing strength between the thermal pile and frozen soil. The lesson learned from this study can provide a new approach to control the thermal regime of cast-in-place pile foundation in permafrost, which was of valuable to the construction of pile foundations in cold regions.

Abstract The management of small vessels has always been key to maritime administration. This paper presents a novel method for recognizing small fishing vessels based on laser sensors. Using four types of small fishing vessels as targets, a recognition method for small fishing vessels based on Markov transition field (MTF) time-series images and VGG-16 transfer learning is proposed. In contrast to conventional methods, this study uses polynomial fitting to obtain the contours of a fishing vessel and transforms one-dimensional vessel contours into two-dimensional time-series images using the MTF coding method. The VGG-16 model is used for the recognition process, and migration learning is applied to improve the results. The UCR time-series public dataset is used as a transfer learning dataset for the MTF time-series image encoding. The experiment demonstrates that the proposed method exhibits higher accuracy and performance than 1D-CNN and other general neural network models, and the highest accuracy rate is 98.92%.

Background: Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its specific constituents might exacerbate allergic rhinitis (AR) conditions. However, the evidence is still inconclusive. Method: We conducted a panel study of 49 patients diagnosed with AR > 1 year prior to the study in Taiyuan, China, to investigate associations of individual exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents with oxidative parameters, symptoms, and quality of life among AR patients. All participants underwent repeated assessments of health and PM exposure at 4 time points in both the heating and nonheating seasons from June 2017 to January 2018. AR patients’ oxidative parameters were assessed using nasal lavage, and their subjective symptoms and quality of life were determined through in-person interviews using a structured questionnaire. Short-term personal exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents was estimated using the time-microenvironment-activity pattern and data from the nearest air sampler, respectively. We applied mixed-effects regression models to estimate the short-term effects of PM2.5 and its constituents. Results: The results showed that exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents, including BaP, PAHs, SO42−, NH4+, V, Cr, Cu, As, Se, Cd, and Pb, was significantly associated with increased oxidative stress, as indicated by an increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) index. Exposure to PM2.5 and its components (V, Mn, Fe, Zn, As, and Se) was associated with decreased antioxidant activity, as indicated by a decrease in the superoxide dismutase (SOD) index. Additionally, increased visual analog scale (VAS) and rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire (RQLQ) scores indicated that exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents exacerbated inflammatory symptoms and affected quality of life in AR patients. Conclusion: Exposure to PM2.5 and specific constituents, could exacerbate AR patients' inflammatory symptoms and adversely affect their quality of life in the heavily industrialized city of Taiyuan, China. These findings may have potential biological and policy implications.

α-globin gene triplication carriers were not anemic in general, while some studies found that α-globin gene triplication coinherited with heterozygous β-thalassemia may cause adverse clinical symptoms, which yet lacks sufficient evidence in large populations. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of α-globin gene triplication as well as the phenotypic characteristics of α-globin gene triplication coinherited with heterozygous β-thalassemia in Ganzhou city, southern China. During 2021-2022, a total of 73,967 random individuals who received routine health examinations before marriage were genotyped for globin gene mutations by high-throughput sequencing. Among them, 1,443 were α-globin gene triplication carriers, with a carrier rate of 1.95%. The most prevalent mutation was αααanti3.7/αα (43.10%), followed by αααanti4.2/αα (38.12%). 42 individuals had coinherited α-globin gene triplication and heterozygous β-thalassemia. However, they did not differ from the individuals with heterozygous β-thalassemia and normal α-globin (αα/αα) in terms of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) levels. In addition, heterogenous clinical phenotypes were found in two individuals with the same genotype. Our study established a database of Ganzhou α-globin gene triplication and provided practical advice for the clinical diagnosis of α-globin gene triplication.

Coastal interface is the most active in the global element cycling, linking the terrestrial and ocean ecosystem. However, little attention is paid to the ecological risk of multiple heavy metals (HMs) residues in tropical coastal soil and its relationships with human activities. Here, 199 coastal topsoils were collected from the eastern Hainan Island of China in 2021. Furthermore, the pollution characteristics, spatial distribution, and ecological risk of eight HMs were evaluated. The results showed that the mean contents of eight HMs were in the order of Cr (47.96 mg·kg−1) > Zn (40.93 mg·kg−1) > Pb (21.28 mg·kg−1) > Cu (14.89 mg·kg−1) > Ni (8.67 mg·kg−1) > As (5.64 mg·kg−1) > Cd (0.06 mg·kg−1) > Hg (0.05 mg·kg−1). These HMs contents were larger than the soil background values of Hainan Province, indicating the accumulation risk. Based on the Nemerow integrated pollution index, the sample sites with moderate and severe pollution accounted for 28.5% and 28.0%, respectively. In contrast, the sum of sites with no and slight pollution was only 10%. The ecological risk assessment revealed that 25% and 5% of sites displayed moderate or extreme ecological risks with the mean RI value larger than 90, and As and Cd were the most dangerous HMs. Spatially, the pollution hotspots of Zn, Pb, Cd and Hg were distributed in the middle urban of the study area and the dense road network in the west, while that of Cr, Ni, and Cu were distributed in the woodland in the northeast and southwest. The pollution hotspots of As were distributed in northeast cropland. The PMF model further indicated that the largest contributor to Zn, Pb, and Cd were the combined sources of traffic and agricultural activities, accounting for 55.66%, 56.30%, and 55.36%, respectively. Soil parent materials contributed to the Cr, Ni, and Cu, accounting for 77.1%, 58.4%, and 38.2%, respectively. Coal combustion was the main source of Hg, accounting for 81.3%, while agricultural activities accounted for 80.8% of the As in the soils. Overall, anthropogenic activities (63.60%) were the main source for HMs residues in the studied coastal soils, but the contribution of soil parent materials (36.40%) could not be neglected.

MEK is a canonical effector of mutant KRAS; however, MEK inhibitors fail to yield satisfactory clinical outcomes in KRAS-mutant cancers. Here, we identified mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) induction as a profound metabolic alteration to confer KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) resistance to the clinical MEK inhibitor trametinib. Metabolic flux analysis demonstrated that pyruvate metabolism and fatty acid oxidation were markedly enhanced and coordinately powered the OXPHOS system in resistant cells after trametinib treatment, satisfying their energy demand and protecting them from apoptosis. As molecular events in this process, the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase IA (CPTIA), two rate-limiting enzymes that control the metabolic flux of pyruvate and palmitic acid to mitochondrial respiration were activated through phosphorylation and transcriptional regulation. Importantly, the co-administration of trametinib and IACS-010759, a clinical mitochondrial complex I inhibitor that blocks OXPHOS, significantly impeded tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. Overall, our findings reveal that MEK inhibitor therapy creates a metabolic vulnerability in the mitochondria and further develop an effective combinatorial strategy to circumvent MEK inhibitors resistance in KRAS-driven NSCLC.

Abstract Frequency response of wind turbine generators (WTGs) is a crucial technology to ensure safe integration of increasing future wind power into power grids. WTGs' regulation capabilities are variable compared to conventional generations due to uncertain wind speed and dynamic deloading factors, which affects the design of their frequency response strategy. This paper proposes a novel deep reinforcement learning (DRL)‐based frequency response framework of WTGs, combining a deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG)‐based control and a proportional power sharing (PPS) strategy. The DDPG‐based control dynamically determines the optimal total regulation power of WTGs and the PPS strategy allocates the total regulation power to each WTG. Benefiting from the ability of DDPG algorithm to handle multi‐dimensional continuous system states and actions, the proposed DDPG‐control enables a wind farm to dynamically determine the optimal total frequency regulation power under WTGs' variable regulation capabilities. Besides, the application of deep neural networks (DNN) in DDPG algorithm makes the DDPG‐based control possible to be implemented in complex nonlinear systems. Simulations on an IEEE 39‐bus system demonstrate that effectiveness of the proposed frequency response strategy of WTGs.

The primary NDT method for welding defects is the image-based detection. Currently, the best performance for image-based detection is based on the transformer model. However, with its high accuracy, it has many limitations, such as large model parameters, large data sample requirements, and expensive computer resources. This model has a weaker ability to capture local features compared with global features. In this study, an improved and optimized welding defect detection and identification framework named Fast Multi-Path Vision transformer (FMPVit) is proposed based on the transformer model. This model uses a multilayer parallel architecture and enhances the local information capture ability of the model through advanced multiscale convolution feature aggregation and the addition of a new local convolution module. Finally, a validation test is carried out using an open dataset of weld seams. The model is proven to exhibit an evident performance improvement over the mainstream model baseline.

Lagoons, significant coastal wetlands, stand out for their vital role in the cycles and transformations of phosphorus. However, the relationship between the spatial distributions of various phosphorus forms in the soil and sediments of lagoon areas remains unclear. This study investigated the phosphorus fractions and distribution patterns in the soil and sediments from Shimei Inland Sea, Hainan Province, China, and identified the factors controlling phosphorus distribution and its relationship with lagoon eutrophication. The results revealed significant enrichment of inorganic phosphorus (IP) in the Shimei Inland Sea (64.1–679.0 mg/kg) and offshore areas (56–627.2 mg/kg), while organic phosphorus (OP) was relatively concentrated in land (60–744.3 mg/kg), suggesting that the productivity of the terrestrial ecosystem controlled the OP content and IP formed from the mineralization of OP was more likely to leach into the water and combine with minerals. Total phosphorus (TP) content was negatively affected by pH, and organic matter, cation exchange capacity and iron/aluminum oxides showed significant positive correlations with TP content. These findings highlighted the coupled impact of soil and sediment physicochemical properties on phosphorus enrichment and transformation, providing theoretical support for the ecological restoration of ecosystems in tropical coastal wetlands.

Surgery remains the preferred treatment option for early-stage gallbladder cancer (GBC). According to the anatomical position of the primary tumor, accurate preoperative stage and strict control of surgical indications, appropriate surgical strategies are selected to achieve the optimal surgical effect. However, most patients have already been at the locally advanced stage or the tumor has metastasized at the initial diagnosis. The postoperative recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate remain unsatisfactory even after radical resection for gallbladder cancer. Hence, there is an urgent need for more treatment options, such as neoadjuvant therapy, postoperative adjuvant therapy and first-line and second-line treatments of local progression and metastasis, in the whole-course treatment management of gallbladder cancer patients. In recent years, the application of molecular targeted drugs and immunotherapy has brought greater hope and broader prospects for the treatment of gallbladder cancer, but their effects in improving the prognosis of patients still lack sufficient evidence-based medicine evidence, so many problems should be addressed by further research. Based on the latest progress in gallbladder cancer research, this review systematically analyzes the treatment trends of gallbladder cancer.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with acidic calcium sulfate on growth, intestinal histology, and disease resistance of juvenile largemouth bass. Fish (19.88 ± 0.03 g) were fed on diets supplemented with 0 % (control), 1% acidic calcium sulfate (ACS1), 2 % acidic calcium sulfate (ACS2), 3 % acidic calcium sulfate (ACS3) and 0.03 % florfenicol (F) for 56 days. The results showed that the supplementation of 1 % acidic calcium sulfate to the diet significantly enhanced the growth performance (P

PurposeTo analyze and predict the possibility of visual field (VF) recovery after endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETSS) in patients with pituitary adenoma, we investigated the factors affecting the improvement of the visual field defect (VFD) and built a nomogram predictive model based on these risk factors. We further investigated specific recovery regions of VF associated with the improvement of VFD.MethodsThe clinical data of patients who underwent ETSS for pituitary adenomas at a single center between the January 2021 and April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the predictive factors affecting the improvement in the VF defect and specific recovery regions in patients with pituitary adenomas after ETSS.ResultsWe enrolled 28 patients (56 eyes) who were hospitalized at our institution. Four clinical features, including compression of the optic chiasm, preoperative mean defect (MD), diffuse defect, and duration of the visual symptom, were chosen from the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis to establish the predictive nomogram. The nomogram’s area under the curve (AUC) was 0.912, indicating a good degree of differentiation. A calibration plot was used to evaluate the predictive model’s calibration, and a decision curve was used to evaluate its clinical application value. The VF defects were improved in the 270–300° range (270–300: RR = 361.00, 95% CI: 21.01–6,202.41).ConclusionWe developed a predictive nomogram model based on significant visual field improvement-associated factors after ETSS in patients with pituitary adenoma. Postoperative visual field improvement is likely to begin at 270–300° in the inferior temporal quadrant. This improvement would enable personalized counselling for individual patients by precisely predicting the visual field recovery after surgery.

With the development of synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) image interpretation technology in recent years, classifying detected ships based on SAR images has become an important trend in ocean monitoring. However, owing to the underlying imaging mechanism, the texture of SAR images typically contains noise that cannot be easily eliminated. Therefore, in this study, we consider more stable target contour features to classify SAR images of marine vessels. Based on a deep learning algorithm, we propose a method to obtain contour bias features by employing style transfer learning to classify detected ships from SAR data. We also adopt transfer learning to improve the uneven distribution of SAR datasets of representative ships. The results of experiments conducted to evaluate the proposed approach show that contour bias features improve the generalization performance and classification accuracy of the model. They also show that transfer learning effectively avoids the problem of data imbalance and, thus, improves classification accuracy on the OpenSARShip 2.0 database.

In this study, Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) sensing technology was utilized for monitoring settlement in a similarity model of a highway subgrade. As contact winding cannot be used for an optical fiber that is buried directly in the soil, uncoupling between the fiber and the soil can occur. Thus, an optical-fiber-embedded beam (OFEB) was developed, and a method for measuring and calculating the beam’s deformation was proposed. A calibration test and a test on a similarity model of a subgrade were carried out to investigate the applicability and monitoring accuracy of the OFEB. It was concluded that the OFEB can accurately measure beam deflection, and the maximum relative error between measurements by the optical fiber and a displacement transducer was approximately 5%. The OFEB was embedded directly into a similarity model of a subgrade to monitor settlement. The deflection deformation of the OFEB was found to be close to the subgrade settlement over a certain settlement range, with a relative error below 8.1%. Thus, the OFEB can be used to measure large-range distributed settlement in a subgrade. A numerical simulation was performed to identify appropriate beam dimensions and material design parameters, thereby extending the measurement range before decoupling of the OFEB and the soil occurs. The enhancement of the measurement range and the accuracy of the OFEB based on the preliminary experiments carried out in this study enables further investigation of settlement monitoring.

Coastal erosion vulnerability assessment is widely used to assess the loss degree of coastal zone caused by erosion, and plays an important role in coastal natural resources protection, planning, management and decision-making. Based on the natural and social characteristics of the east coast of Qiongdong and the coastal erosion vulnerability index (CVI) method, this study selected 8 assessment indicators, such as shoreline change rate (U1). The Delphi method and the entropy weight method were used to calculate the comprehensive index weight, combined with CVI method and geographic information system (GIS) technology, to quantitatively evaluate the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of typical coastal erosion vulnerability such as coral reefs in the east of Hainan Island. The study area was divided into 5 grades: very low (31%), low (10%), moderate (28%), high (24%) and high vulnerability (7%), and the overall performance was moderate erosion vulnerability. The research showed that the interannual downward rate erosion of beach (U3) and the rate of change of the isobath (U2) of the beach were the main controlling factors affecting the vulnerability of coastal erosion in the study area, and the coastal dynamic factor had a greater impact than the other two factors. As a natural barrier, the coral reefs in the study area had good wave absorption and energy reduction, and the coral reef coasts showed low coastal erosion vulnerability, due to the complex hydrodynamic characteristics, estuary coasts is the most vulnerable areas. The verification results of the ROC-AUC method showed that the accuracy of erosion vulnerability was 68.9%, which provided an important reference for the ecological restoration of tropical coral reef biological coasts and the development and management of the Hainan Qiongdong coastal zone.

C9H14F12N4P2, monoclinic, P21/m (no. 11), a = 5.8968(9) Å, b = 11.5554(18) Å, c = 12.994(2) Å, β = 94.577(2)°, V = 882.6(2) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0676, wRref(F2) = 0.2020, T = 296(2) K.

As the relationship between the spatial distribution characteristics and physicochemical properties of nitrogen in lagoon soil and sediment is still unclear, we obtained and systematically analyzed soil and sediment samples from the surroundings of a lagoon in the Shamei Inland Sea, Qionghai City, Hainan Province. The spatial distribution of nitrogen forms was investigated, and the soil physicochemical properties that predominantly influenced the nitrogen distribution were characterized. The results were as follows: (1) There are differences in nitrogen content in the soil and sediment around the Shamei Inland Sea. The total nitrogen levels in the Shamei Inland Sea were low, and organic nitrogen was dominant. The soil samples showed higher organic nitrogen concentrations than the sediment samples. Thus, the characteristics of dispersion in offshore waters differ from those in lagoons. The average contents of nitrate, ammonium and nitrite in the soil around the lagoon were higher than those in the sediment, and they were especially high in the lagoon mouth area. The nitrate content was greater in the estuary area in the northwest of the lagoon, and the contents of ammonium and nitrite in the estuary area in the south of the lagoon were the highest. (2) The changes in the basic physical and chemical properties of the soils and sediments in the Shamei Inland Sea area have an important coupled effect on the enrichment, preservation and mineralization of nitrogen. Through redundancy analysis (RDA), the explanatory degree of the organic matter content in relation to the nitrogen content was determined to be approximately 17.2%, contributing 80.9% of all nitrogen. The organic matter content, cation exchange capacity and clay content were positively correlated with the nitrogen content, indicating that changes in the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil and sediment had an important impact on nitrogen enrichment, preservation and mineralization processes. The total nitrogen and the organic matter content, cation exchange capacity and clay content of the soil and sediment were positively correlated. The high proportion of nitrate in the soil, the high proportion of ammonium in the sediment, the heavy texture of the sediment, poor soil ventilation and weak nitrification were related.

The effect of artificial island on the geomorphologic processes in the coastal area under the coupled hydrodynamics, wave, and sediment transport system is a complicated and multi-scale problem. Studying these dynamic processes will suggest how coastal ecological restoration should be conducted. In this study, a unified, unstructured, gridded coupled hydrodynamics, wave, and sediment transport model and a topographic evolution model were adopted. Based on the field observations of water depth, velocity, suspended sediment concentration, bed sand, and quaternary thickness, a high-spatiotemporal-resolution numerical simulation of the offshore dynamic environment under the disturbance of artificial island was performed, and the accuracy of the calculation was verified. The research showed that the coupling system with an unstructured mesh was able to reproduce the flow and sediment transport processes with acceptable accuracy. The contracted flow zone between the artificial island and the coastline, the runoff and alongshore current from the river, as well as the tidal flow from the ocean, worked together to mold the local complex morphology around the artificial island. The coupled modeling system, supported with parallel computation, can be used to study coastal environments with small-scale wading structures.

ObjectivesThe aims of the study were first to investigate the association between self-perceptions of aging and frailty and second to determine whether self-perceptions of aging affects frailty via depressive symptoms and cognitive status among older adults living in the community in China.MethodsAmong 850 older adults who participated in this cross-sectional study, 822 older adults made valid responses to Tilburg Frailty Indicator, Brief Aging Perceptions Questionnaire, UCLA loneliness scale-8, Mini-Mental State Examination, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 between March to December 2019. The possible pathways of self-perceptions of aging affecting frailty were analyzed based on the structural equation modeling analysis.ResultsA total of 21.53% of older adults reported frailty. Correlation analyses showed that higher degrees of frailty were related to greater loneliness, more depressive symptoms, more negative self-perceptions of aging, worse locomotive function, and cognitive status (r = 0.267, r = 0.440, r = 0.481, r = 0.451, r = −0.337; p

Genotoxic agents remain the mainstay of cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the clinical benefits are often countered by a rapid tumor adaptive response. Here, we report that the oncoprotein B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a core component that confers solid tumor adaptive resistance to genotoxic stress. Multiple genotoxic agents promoted BCL6 transactivation, which was positively correlated with a weakened therapeutic efficacy and a worse clinical outcome. Mechanistically, we discovered that treatment with the genotoxic agent etoposide led to the transcriptional reprogramming of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines, among which the interferon-α and interferon-γ responses were substantially enriched in resistant cells. Our results further revealed that the activation of interferon/signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 axis directly upregulated BCL6 expression. The increased expression of BCL6 further repressed the tumor suppressor PTEN and consequently enabled resistant cancer cell survival. Accordingly, targeted inhibition of BCL6 remarkably enhanced etoposide-triggered DNA damage and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings highlight the importance of BCL6 signaling in conquering solid tumor tolerance to genotoxic stress, further establishing a rationale for a combined approach with genotoxic agents and BCL6-targeted therapy.

ABSTRACT: In order to figure out the redox conditions and paleo-sedimentary environment of the Middle Devonian shales in the northwest of Guizhong Depression, the trace element analysis was conducted on the Middle Devonian cores (320.35–938.50 m) of the typical shale gas investigation well (GY-1) at a 1.50 m sampling interval through X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). According to the test result, the average values of V/(V+Ni), V/Cr and Ni/Co in Nabiao formation (Fm.) are larger than 0.67, 4.65 and 7.71 respectively, and Nabiao Fm. is rich in biological assemblages such as tabasheer, ammonite, etc. These evidences indicate the rising sea level rose relatively in the sedimentation period of Nabiao Fm. and a deepwater shelf environment, which was favorable for the preservation of organic matters. The V/(V+Ni), V/Cr and Ni/Co in Luofu Fm. and Tangting Fm. are 0.38–0.65, 0.73–4.10 and 3.70–6.72 respectively, indicating that the sea level dropped relatively in their sedimentation period, during which the water bodies became shallow, and the sedimentary environment was a weak oxidizing shallow water shelf environment. In addition, the variation of TOC has a high correlation with the enrichment degree of Ba element, indicating the favorable conditions for the enrichment and preservation of organic matters under an oxygen-deficient environment. Moreover, according to the identification of trace element indexes, the northwest of Guizhong Depression experienced the sedimentary cycle of relative rise to relative fall of sea level from bottom to top in the Middle Devonian sedimentation period. The relative sea level rose to the highest in the sedimentation period of Nabiao Fm., in which the organic-rich shales with stable thickness and high organic content were deposited. Hence, the Nabiao Fm. could be regarded as the favorable exploration target interval in this area.

Commercial inoculants are often used to inoculate field-grown soybean in Europe. However, nodulation efficiencies in these areas are often low. To enhance biological nitrogen (N) fixation and increase domestic legume production, indigenous strains that are adapted to local conditions could be used to develop more effective inoculants. The objective of this study was to assess the ability of locally isolated Bradyrhizobium strains to enhance soybean productivity in different growing conditions of Northeast Germany. Three indigenous Bradyrhizobium isolates (GMF14, GMM36, and GEM96) were tested in combination with different soybean cultivars of different maturity groups and quality characteristics in one field trial and two greenhouse studies. The results showed a highly significant strain × cultivar interactions on nodulation response. Independent of the Bradyrhizobium strain, inoculated plants in the greenhouse showed higher nodulation, which corresponded with an increased N uptake than that in field conditions. There were significantly higher nodule numbers and nodule dry weights following GMF14 and GMM36 inoculation in well-watered soil, but only minor differences under drought conditions. Inoculation of the soybean cultivar Merlin with the strain GEM96 enhanced nodulation but did not correspond to an increased grain yield under field conditions. USDA110 was consistent in improving the grain yield of soybean cultivars Sultana and Siroca. On the other hand, GMM36 inoculation to Sultana and GEM96 inoculation to Siroca resulted in similar yields. Our results demonstrate that inoculation of locally adapted soybean cultivars with the indigenous isolates improves nodulation and yield attributes. Thus, to attain optimal symbiotic performance, the strains need to be matched with specific cultivars.

The iron-functionalized halloysite nanotudes is synthesized as a tubular template from an iron-nitrogen co-doped carbon nanocatalyst derived from the polyaniline pyrolysis of Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The use of iron-doped sites exposes the surface of the material to more graphite defects, effectively increasing the specific surface area of the carbon nanotubes and optimizing the density of the nitrogen-containing active sites. We have found that this iron-nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotube exhibits a superior ORR performance with a half-wave potential of 0.77 V in the 0.1 mol L−1 KOH aqueous solution. The electrochemical stability test was carried out at 1600 rpm. The half-wave potential showed only a degradation of 8 mV, which was better than the commercial 20% Pt/C (18 mV). This study developed an economical method for the direct synthesis of iron-nitrogen co-doped carbon nanotubes using a hard template. Keywords: Iron/nitrogen-doped, Halloysite, Template-assisted, Polyaniline, Oxygen reduction reaction

In this work, functionalized alkyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ILs were synthesized and characterized; then, they were applied in the conversion of xylose to furfural under the microwave method. The results showed that when CnMF was used as a catalyst, an acidic environment was provided to promote the formation of furfural. In addition, the heating method, the solvent, and the different structures of cations in the ionic liquid influenced their catalytic activity. In an aqueous solution, the yield of furfural obtained using the microwave method was better than that of the conventional heating method, and the catalytic activity of diimidazole hexafluorophosphate was better than that of monoimidazole. Meanwhile, for the diimidazole hexafluorophosphate, the change of the carbon chain length between the imidazole rings also slightly influenced the yield. Finally, the optimal yield of 49.76% was obtained at 205°C for 8 min using 3,3′-methylenebis(1-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium), C1MF, as a catalyst. Mechanistic studies suggested that the catalytic activity of C1MF was mainly due to the combined effect of POFn (OH)3-n and imidazole ring. Without a doubt, the catalytic activity of C1MF was still available after five cycles, which not only showed its excellent catalytic activity in catalyzing the xylose to prepare the biomass platform compound furfural but also could promote the application of functionalized ionic liquids.

ObjectivesTo evaluate International Endometrial Tumor Analysis (IETA) ultrasonographic characteristics simple scoring method and tumor biomarkers for the diagnosis of uterine cavity and endometrial lesions.MethodsWe classified and scored the normalized description of IETA ultrasonic characteristics, according to IETA expert consensus literature, previous IETA-related research articles, and the previous research experience of this project group. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the ultrasound images of 594 patients enrolled from January 2017 to June 2020, scored them item by item, and finally calculated the total score of each case. Meanwhile, we combined the results of seven tumor biomarkers. The objective was to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, coincidence rate, and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of IETA ultrasonographic characteristics simple scoring method and tumor biomarkers for benign and malignant uterine cavity or endometrial lesions. The diagnostic efficiency between the combined method and the single method was compared.ResultsA total of 594 cases were confirmed by postoperative pathology or surgery records, including 475 benign lesions and 119 malignant lesions. In the simple ultrasound scoring method, the average score of benign lesions was 3.879 ± 1.279 and that of malignant lesions was 9.676 ± 4.491. If ≥6.5 points was taken as the cutoff value for the judgment of malignant lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, coincidence rate, and the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were 76.5%, 96.0%, 92.1%, and 0.935, respectively. The difference in tumor antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and human epididymal protein 4 (HE4) between benign and malignant lesions was statistically significant (all p ≤ 0.01). The other five tumor biomarkers (CA125, CA15-3, SCC-Ag, AFP, and CEA) showed no statistically significant difference in benign and malignant lesions. If the value of CA19-9 ≥13.96 U/ml was taken as cutoff value, the sensitivity, specificity, and coincidence rate of the diagnosis of endometrial benign and malignant lesions were 54.8%, 74.7%, and 70.7%, respectively, and the AUC was 0.620. If the value of HE4 ≥ 39.075 pmol/L was taken as cutoff point, the sensitivity, specificity, coincidence rate, and AUC were 77.4%, 67.9%, 69.8%, and 0.796, respectively. The sensitivity was increased to 97.6% and the AUC was 0.939 when IETA ultrasound characteristics simple scoring method combined CA19-9 and HE4 in parallel test.ConclusionsIn IETA ultrasound characteristics simple scoring method, with ≥6.5 points as the cutoff value, it could quickly and accurately assess the benign and malignant in uterine cavity and endometrial lesions, with high diagnostic value. The diagnostic efficacy of seven tumor biomarkers was all mediocre. Combining with these two methods, the comprehensive diagnosis could improve sensitivity and accuracy and reduce the risk of missed diagnosis.

Welding testing is particularly important in industrial systems, but there are still some deficiencies in terms of testing performance, anti-noise capability and defect identification in current mainstream welding non-destructive testing technologies. With the development of structured-light non-destructive testing technology, deep learning technology, signal processing technology and other fields, various possibilities have emerged that make it possible to propose new ideas for welding non-destructive testing. This study used a laser sensor to propose a non-destructive method for testing welding defects in seam contours. In order to solve the problems of low sampling rates and poor recognition accuracy in traditional methods of welding defect detection, the proposed method introduces image coding into laser sensors and applies deep-learning algorithms to the classification and detection of weld defect images. By preprocessing the weld seam by encoding one-dimensional data as two-dimensional images, this method develops a framework for the detection and classification of pre-coded laser weld seam images. After taking the original extracted weld image center trajectory data as one-dimensional sequence data, we utilized the method of encoding one-dimensional time series data as two-dimensional time-series images. In doing so, the one-dimensional laser data can be encoded into the corresponding two-dimensional images and, with the application of a deep neural network, welding defect classification and detection can be realized. Experimentation was used to verify that the proposed method is of higher accuracy than traditional methods for classifying and detecting defects directly from two-dimensional welding images.

Due to reduced gibberellin sensitivity, modern rice cultivars are shorter than traditional varieties but produce more tillers and have higher yields. Here Liao et al. show that gibberellin contributes to decreased tiller number by degrading the MOC1 protein that suppresses bud outgrowth.

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly affected the mobility of individuals everywhere. This has been especially true in China, where many restrictions, including lockdowns, have been widely applied. This paper discusses the impact of the pandemic on walkability, an important factor in promoting urban neighborhoods, in the main urban area of Xi’an, China, one of China’s four great ancient capitals. Based on the street view data obtained before and after the pandemic, the paper quantitatively compares changes in specific components of selected streetscapes through a deep learning (DL) street view analysis. The aim is to identify the impact of the pandemic on walkability and determine the elements that influence increased walkability in Xi’an’s historical area, using a walkability evaluation model based on a regression analysis involving three factors (streetscape components, walkability check scores, and street connectivity of space syntax for every image). Although Xi’an’s urban structure did not change significantly, the pandemic has clearly impacted street vitality, especially in terms of reducing pedestrian flow and commercial value. Based on study results, the street environment has great room for improvement, especially in the city’s historical blocks, by reconsidering safety measures to pedestrians and the important role of atmospheric aspects on the streets.

Renewable energy has the characteristics of low carbon and environmental protection compared to traditional water and thermal power, but it also has the intermittency and uncertainty that traditional water and thermal power does not have. These characteristics make the inertia of the power system increase, which greatly affects the frequency stability of the grid. To solve such problems, the participation of demand-side resources (DSRs) in the dispatch of power systems has become a viable solution.However, unlike generation-side resources, DSRs have their own unique characteristics. In this paper, by taking into account a load frequency control system (LFC) with intermittent demand-side resources, the robust H∞ load frequency control problem are discussed in detail.A robust controller to coordinate the load side with the resource side is introduced. A critical stability criterion and robust performance evaluation of the new LFC system was carried out. Finally, simulation results based on the new LFC system are provided to demonstrate that the proposed control strategy can effectively improve the stability and robustness of the grid under large disturbances, thus allowing the grid frequency to return to the reference value.

A series of qualitative descriptions and quantitative analyses was used to determine the lithofacies characteristics and recognize the favorable shale intervals of Dawuba Formation in the Ziyun area of South Qian Depression. The qualitative descriptions include core description and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. The quantitative analyses include X-ray diffraction, total organic content analysis, vitrinite reflectance, maceral composition, porosity, and permeability, as well as gas and element composition. The Dawuba Formation could be divided into four members. In general, the shale in the first and third members showed similarly high organic matter content with most samples in range of 2–2.5% and higher brittle mineral content with a content of quartz 40.53% and 33.21%, respectively, compared with the other two members, as well as high gas content. However, the first member shale samples exhibited much higher porosity and permeability than the third member shale samples. Furthermore, the shale gas in the first member was chiefly composed of methane (average: 83.63%), while that in the third member mainly consisted of nitrogen (average: 79.92%). Hence, the first member should be regarded as the most favorable target.

Abstract Wind power is volatile and uncertain, which makes it difficult to establish an accurate prediction model. How to quantitatively describe the distribution of wind power output is the focus of this paper. First, it is assumed that wind speed is a random variable that satisfies the normal distribution. Secondly, based on the nonlinear relationship between wind speed and wind power, the distribution model of wind power prediction is established from the viewpoint of the physical mechanism. The proposed model successfully shows the complex characteristics of the wind power prediction distribution. The results show that the distribution of wind power prediction varies significantly with the point forecast of the wind speed.

Abstract Background Radioresistance is a major challenge during the treatment of NK/T cell lymphoma. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of MicroRNA-150 (miR-150) in increase the sensitivities of NK/T cell lymphoma to ionizing radiation. Results In this study, we found that miR-150 was significantly decreased in NK/T cell lymphoma tissues and cell lines. Low expression of miR-150 was positively associated with therapeutic resistance in 36 NK/T cell lymphoma cases. Our further in vitro and in vivo studies illustrated that overexpression of miR-150 substantially enhanced the sensitivity of NK/T cell lymphoma cells to ionizing radiation treatment. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays in NK/T cell lymphoma cells transfected with the AKT2 or AKT3 three prime untranslated region reporter constructs established AKT2 and AKT3 as direct targets of miR-150. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 was used to inhibit Akt to verify miR-150 increase NK/T cell lymphoma cell radiorsensitivity through suppress the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Conclusions Taken together, this study demonstrates that miR-150 might serve as a potential therapeutic sensitizer through inhibition of the AKT pathway in NK/T cell lymphoma treatment.

Proinflammatory cytokine production following infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Like SARS CoV-1, SARS CoV-2 enters host cells via its spike protein, which attaches to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As SARS CoV-1 spike protein is reported to induce cytokine production, we hypothesized that this pathway could be a shared mechanism underlying pathogenic immune responses. We herein compared the capabilities of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), SARS CoV-1 and SARS CoV-2 spike proteins to induce cytokine expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). We observed that only specific commercial lots of SARS CoV-2 induce cytokine production. Surprisingly, recombinant SARS CoV-2 spike proteins from different vendors and batches exhibited different patterns of cytokine induction, and these activities were not inhibited by blockade of spike protein-ACE2 binding using either soluble ACE2 or neutralizing anti-S1 antibody. Moreover, commercial spike protein reagents contained varying levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which correlated directly with their abilities to induce cytokine production. The LPS inhibitor, polymyxin B, blocked this cytokine induction activity. In addition, SARS CoV-2 spike protein avidly bound soluble LPS in vitro, rendering it a cytokine inducer. These results not only suggest caution in monitoring the purity of SARS CoV-2 spike protein reagents, but they indicate the possibility that interactions of SARS CoV-2 spike protein with LPS from commensal bacteria in virally infected mucosal tissues could promote pathogenic inflammatory cytokine production.

Abstract: To evaluate the accumulation conditions and gas-bearing properties of shale gas in the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, northwestern Hunan Province, the first shale gas parameter well (Well Changye-1) that takes the Niutitang Formation as the target horizon in the Hunan Province was selected preferably and drilled, cumulatively revealing the thickest dark shale horizon of the Niutitang Formation among the single-well drillings in China, with a true vertical thickness of 674.5m. Through analyzing the core samples in terms of organic geochemistry, rock mineralogy and reservoir properties, the black shale horizons in the Niutitang Formation of Well Changye-1 have high organic carbon content (average 3.9%), moderate maturity (equivalent Ro average 2.6%), high brittle mineral content (quartz content average 50.1%), low clay mineral content (average 32.4%), low porosity (1.7%) and low permeability (1.32×10-3mD), and well-developed meso to micro-pores and fractures, indicating good conditions for shale gas accumulation. Field desorption and laboratory isothermal adsorption measurements on core samples show that Well Changye-1 has good gas-bearing properties, and gas content generally increases with depth. The black shale horizons at the depth of 1100-1250m have an average organic carbon content up to 10.1%, total gas content of 0.5-2.1m3/t and 3.7-6.4m3/t, and this is the most favorable depth for shale gas development, indicating that the Niutitang Formation has good a prospect for shale gas exploration. Due to huge sedimentary thickness, the black shale in the middle-lower part of the Niutitang Formation should be given priority for exploration. Key words: shale gas, gas-bearing properties, Niutitang Formation, Well Changye-1, northwestern Hunan