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2 results on '"Kylie N Moore"'

1. Theta oscillations support active exploration in human spatial navigation

Author

Elizabeth R. Chrastil, Caroline Rice, Mathias Goncalves, Kylie N. Moore, Syanah C. Wynn, Chantal E. Stern, and Erika Nyhus

Subjects
Memory, Virtual reality, Encoding, Reinforcement learning, Alpha oscillations, Beta oscillations, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Active navigation seems to yield better spatial knowledge than passive navigation, but it is unclear how active decision-making influences learning and memory. Here, we examined the contributions of theta oscillations to memory-related exploration while testing theories about how they contribute to active learning. Using electroencephalography (EEG), we tested individuals on a maze-learning task in which they made discrete decisions about where to explore at each choice point in the maze. Half the participants were free to make active decisions at each choice point, and the other half passively explored by selecting a marked choice (matched to active exploration) at each intersection. Critically, all decisions were made when stationary, decoupling the active decision-making process from movement and speed factors, which is another prominent potential role for theta oscillations. Participants were then tested on their knowledge of the maze by traveling from object A to object B within the maze. Results show an advantage for active decision-making during learning and indicate that the active group had greater theta power during choice points in exploration, particularly in midfrontal channels. These findings demonstrate that active exploration is associated with theta oscillations during human spatial navigation, and that these oscillations are not exclusively related to movement or speed. Results demonstrating increased theta oscillations in prefrontal regions suggest communication with the hippocampus and integration of new information into memory. We also found evidence for alpha oscillations during active navigation, suggesting a role for attention as well. This study finds support for a general mnemonic role for theta oscillations during navigational learning.

Published
2022
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2. Delayed fear extinction in individuals with insomnia disorder

Author

Kylie N Moore, Mohammed R. Milad, Edward F. Pace-Schott, Ryan Bottary, Hui-Jin Song, Jeehye Seo, and Samuel Gazecki

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Polysomnography, Conditioning, Classical, Prefrontal Cortex, Audiology, Gyrus Cinguli, Hippocampus, Extinction, Psychological, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, medicine, Humans, Fear conditioning, Prefrontal cortex, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, Recall, business.industry, Extinction (psychology), social sciences, Fear, Middle Aged, Actigraphy, Anxiety Disorders, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, humanities, Oxygen, 030104 developmental biology, Insomnia and Psychiatric Disorders, Mental Recall, Anxiety, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Functional magnetic resonance imaging, business, Insula, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Study objectives Insomnia increases the risk for anxiety disorders that are also associated with fear-extinction deficits. We compared activation of fear and extinction networks between insomnia disorder (ID) without comorbidity and good sleepers (GS). Methods Twenty-three ID participants age- and sex-matched to 23 GS participants completed 14 days of actigraphy and diaries, three nights of ambulatory polysomnography and a 2-day fear conditioning and extinction paradigm. Fear conditioning and extinction learning occurred on the first day, followed 24 hours later by extinction recall. Blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signal and skin conductance responses (SCR) were recorded. Nineteen participants per group produced usable fMRI data. Beta weights from areas where activation differed between groups were regressed against sleep and psychophysiological measures. SCR was compared between groups at various stages of the paradigm. Results During fear conditioning, both ID (N = 19) and GS (N = 19) activated fear-related structures. Across extinction learning, ID (N = 19) demonstrated little change, whereas GS (N = 16) activated both fear and extinction-related areas, including the hippocampus, insula, dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC), and ventromedial prefrontal (vmPFC) cortices. During extinction recall, while GS (N = 17) demonstrated limited activation, ID (N = 16) activated regions similar to those previously activated in GS (vmPFC, dACC, insula). Sleep quality was predictive of activations seen at various stages of the paradigm. SCR data suggested ID were more physiologically reactive than GS. Conclusions Across extinction learning, GS but not ID activated both fear and extinction-related networks. At extinction recall, ID engaged similar regions whereas GS no longer did so. Individuals with ID may show a delayed acquisition of fear extinction memories.

Published
2018

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