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Abstract Objectives This article starts with increasing emotions through cognitive reappraisal and explores the impact of state gratitude emotions on interpersonal trust among college students under cognitive reappraisal. Method In study 1, we used a questionnaire survey and experimental design to collect data, which we processed/analyzed using SPSS 23.0. We employed, the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale (ITS), as adapted by Xu Huiyan, consisting of 25 items, to measure the interpersonal trust levels among college students and to explore the potentially significant differences in interpersonal trust levels among the students based on their demographic variables, including gender. We collected 347 survey questionnaires, with 143 from males and 204 from females, with a mean age of 20.93 (SD = 2.703). In study 2, we utilized a univariate inter-subject experimental design, with the independent variable being the state gratitude emotion (awakened vs. not awakened) under cognitive reappraisal, and the dependent variable was the level of interpersonal trust. Thirty participants participated in the pre-experiment, followed by 119 participants in the formal experiment to assess the impact of state gratitude emotion on interpersonal trust among college students, using motivation reappraisal strategy (t = − 4.028, p

Abstract In mining, the roof structure of a working face with a large mining height in a shallow‐buried coal seam is prone to cutting instability in front of the support, which causes support crushing and coal‐wall spalling. This study analyzes 2201 working faces with large mining heights in the Haiwan No. 3 Mine by investigating the mechanical response law of coal walls under the transient excitation of roof structure instability. A mechanical model of coal walls under dynamic and static load coupling is established, revealing the formation mechanism of coal wall spalling and its main influencing factors. Prevention and control technologies of advanced grooving and pressure relief are proposed, and grooving parameters are determined. The results show that: During the mining process of large mining height working face in shallow buried coal seam, the step change of static response of coal wall is induced by the transient instability of roof structure, and the high abutment pressure is formed on the coal wall. At the same time, the strain energy and gravitational potential energy of roof cutting instability are released to form a dynamic load. Under the action of dynamic and static load, the plastic failure dissipation power of the coal wall is greater than the critical power, and the coal wall spalling occurs. The main influencing factors are mining load, mining height, and internal friction angle of the coal wall. The method of advanced grooving pressure relief can change the roof structure and coal force mechanism, by cutting off the connection between the coal wall and immediate roof, reducing the height of the coal wall force, effectively controlling the position of the roof cut off break line, reducing the static load effect of the roof on the coal, and transferring the position of the dynamic load response to the depth of the coal wall. When the grooving height‐depth ratio k is 0.75, the peak value of the abutment pressure moves 5.57 m to the front of the working face, and the pressure relief effect is the best. The above research results provide an effective active protection method for controlling coal wall spalling in fully mechanised working face with large mining height.

Introduction Petersen’s hernia is a rare and serious complication that can occur after radical gastrectomy and digestive tract reconstruction for gastric cancer. This article summarises the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of Petersen’s hernia after surgery for gastric cancer. Patients and Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 11 male patients who were diagnosed with Petersen’s hernia and underwent surgical treatment at our hospital from January 2020 to December 2022. Their clinical manifestations, perioperative conditions and follow-up after treatment were collected. Results The median age was 58.5 years (range: 45–73), and the median time since gastrectomy was 24 months (range: 4–125). Open distal gastrectomy (45.5%) and open total gastrectomy (27.3%) were the most common procedures. Roux-en-Y (81.8%) was the predominant anastomosis method. All patients underwent emergency surgery within a median time of 30 h (range: 4–45). Intestine necrosis occurred in 36.4% of cases, with a perioperative death rate of 27.3%. Conclusion Petersen’s hernia after gastric cancer surgery can quickly lead to necrotising intestinal obstruction and poor prognosis. Enhanced abdominal computed tomography should be performed as soon as possible, and early exploratory laparotomy should be done to avoid intestinal necrosis. Routine closure of the mesenteric defect after gastric cancer resection can prevent the occurrence of Petersen’s hernia. This article highlights the need for increased awareness and preventive measures to minimise the occurrence of Petersen’s hernia in gastric cancer patients. It emphasises the importance of early detection and appropriate management strategies for improved patient outcomes.

Dexamethasone intravitreal implant(Ozurdex)is approved for the treatment of macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and non-infectious uveitis. It has also been reported to treat macular edema after intraocular surgery and macular edema secondary to other inflammation-related ocular fundus diseases. With the widespread application of dexamethasone intravitreal implant, uncommon complications such as migration of dexamethasone intravitreal implant into the anterior chamber are gradually receiving attention. Anterior chamber migration of dexamethasone intravitreal implant usually occurs in the eyes with an incomplete complex of suspensory ligament and lens capsule or after vitrectomy. After dexamethasone intravitreal implant migrates into the anterior chamber, it tends to sink to a lower angle, resembling hypopyon, causing vision impairment and eye pain, accompanied by corneal edema and intraocular hypertension. If corneal edema occurs, dexamethasone intravitreal implant should be repositioned or removed as soon as possible to reduce the risk of corneal endothelial decompensation. Miosis and avoiding predispositions, such as lying prone, jumping, or long flights, can prevent dexamethasone intravitreal implant from migrating into the anterior chamber. In this paper, the recent advances in anterior chamber migration of dexamethasone intravitreal implant are reviewed to provide a reference for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Grain surface movement monitoring is an important part of the daily inventory inspection of national grain reserves, and is a new requirement for grain storage supervision. In order to solve the technical problems of the traditional grain surface movement monitoring, this paper proposed a laser radar-based grain surface movement monitoring method. A full-size experimental platform that can simulate the real grain pile state was established, and a high-precision laser three-dimensional measurement device was utilized to design an algorithm to identify the abnormal movement of the grain surface of the bulk grain pile based on the laser scanning point cloud data and the information of entering and exiting the warehouse operation. The algorithm was examined and verified through the experimental platform. The results showed that: the method can directly obtain high-precision coordinate information of the grain pile surface, which overcome the problem of insufficient data accuracy of image recognition technology. The constructed algorithm of grain surface motion discrimination based on the coordinate information of the grain pile shape and the data of entry and exit operation status was capable of realizing reliable quantitative computatio. The proposed method was applied to the actual grain warehouse scenario, which verified the feasibility and validity of the method, and it was able to satisfy the dynamic grain inventory supervision needs. The proposed method was applied to the actual grain silo scenario to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the method, which can meet the demand of grain stock dynamics supervision and provide a new technology for online monitoring and early warning of grain surface variation.

Abstract Automatic detection of tomato leaf spot disease is essential for control and loss reduction. Traditional algorithms face challenges such as large amount of data, multiple training and heavy computation. In this study, a lightweight shared Siamese neural network method was proposed for tomato leaf disease identification, which is suitable for resource‐limited environments. Experiments on Plant‐Village, Taiwan and Taiwan ++ datasets show that the accuracy fluctuates very little even when trained with only 60% of the data, which confirms the effectiveness of the proposed method in the small data environment. In addition, compared with the mainstream algorithms, it improves the accuracy by up to 35.3%on Plant‐Village and two Taiwan datasets respectively. The experimental results also show that the proposed method still performs well when the data is imbalanced and the sample size is small.

In hypertrophic scars, the differentiation and migration of fibroblasts are influenced by the extracellular matrix microenvironment, which includes factors such as stiffness, restraint, and tensile force. These mechanical stresses incite alterations in cell behavior, accompanied by cytoskeletal protein reorganization. However, the role of nucleo-skeletal proteins in this context remains underexplored. In this study, we use a polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAA) to simulate the mechanical stress experienced by cells in scar tissue and investigate the impact of Emerin on cell behavior. We utilize atomic force microscopy (AFM) and RNA interference technology to analyze cell differentiation, migration, and stiffness. Our findings reveal that rigid substrates and cellular restriction elevate Emerin expression and diminish differentiation. Conversely, reducing Emerin expression leads to attenuated cell differentiation, where stiffness and constraining factors exert no notable influence. Furthermore, a softening of cells and an enhanced migration rate are also markedly observed. These observations indicate that variations in nuclear skeletal proteins, prompted by diverse matrix microenvironments, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic scars (HSs). This research offers novel insights and a reference point for understanding scar fibrosis formation mechanisms and preventing fibrosis.

Objective To screen the risk factors of hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and construct a Bayesian network model based on the risk factors. Methods A total of 77 patients with cerebral hernia after TBI who underwent decompressive craniotomy in Nanjing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University from March 2020 to January 2022 were included. They were divided into hydrocephalus group (n = 25) and non - hydrocephalus group (n = 52) according to whether hydrocephalus was complicated after surgery. The risk factors of hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after TBI were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses. The Bayesian network model was constructed based on the risk factors, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were drawn and Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was conducted. Results In hydrocephalus group, the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score at admission (t = 2.178, P = 0.032), the ratio of cerebrospinal fluid replacement after lumbar puncture (χ2 = 8.675, P = 0.003), and the level of β2 -microglobulin after operation (t = 11.146, P = 0.000) were lower than those in non-hydrocephalus group, while subarachnoid hemorrhage (χ2 = 5.901, P = 0.015), bilateral operation (χ2 = 6.441, P = 0.011), the ratio of dural unstitched during operation (χ2 = 9.759, P = 0.002), postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage (χ2 = 8.938, P = 0.003), postoperative midline displacement > 10 mm (χ2 = 7.589, P = 0.006), and intracranial infection (χ2 = 4.519, P = 0.034), as well as postoperative coma time (t = 2.709, P = 0.008) were higher than those in non - hydrocephalus group. Logistic regression analysis showed that subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR = 1.885, 95%CI: 1.432-2.240; P = 0.012), dural unstitched during operation (OR = 1.468, 95%CI: 1.215-1.930; P = 0.006), long postoperative coma time (OR = 1.574, 95%CI: 1.358-1.926; P = 0.007), postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage (OR = 1.550, 95%CI: 1.254-1.768; P = 0.010), the level of β2- microglobulin increased after operation (OR = 1.622, 95%CI: 1.165-1.840; P = 0.004) were risk factors for hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after TBI. Based on these 5 factors, the Bayesian network model was constructed, and the area under ROC curve was 0.886 (95%CI: 0.823-0.925, P = 0.000). The calibration curve showed that there was a good consistency between the predicted probability and the actual probability, while the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed no significant difference (χ2 = 8.760, P = 0.232), which indicated that the model had good discrimination, calibration and accuracy. Conclusions Subarachnoid hemorrhage, dural unstitched during operation, long postoperative coma time, postoperative intra ventricular hemorrhage, and elevated β2 - microglobulin level are the risk factors for hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy in patients with cerebral hernia after TBI.

Abstract Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) is the gold standard of imaging the eye in clinics. Penetration depth with such devices is, however, limited and visualization of the choroid, which is essential for diagnosing chorioretinal disease, remains limited. Whereas swept-source OCT (SSOCT) devices allow for visualization of the choroid these instruments are expensive and availability in praxis is limited. We present an artificial intelligence (AI)-based solution to enhance the visualization of the choroid in OCT scans and allow for quantitative measurements of choroidal metrics using generative deep learning (DL). Synthetically enhanced SDOCT B-scans with improved choroidal visibility were generated, leveraging matching images to learn deep anatomical features during the training. Using a single-center tertiary eye care institution cohort comprising a total of 362 SDOCT-SSOCT paired subjects, we trained our model with 150,784 images from 410 healthy, 192 glaucoma, and 133 diabetic retinopathy eyes. An independent external test dataset of 37,376 images from 146 eyes was deployed to assess the authenticity and quality of the synthetically enhanced SDOCT images. Experts’ ability to differentiate real versus synthetic images was poor (47.5% accuracy). Measurements of choroidal thickness, area, volume, and vascularity index, from the reference SSOCT and synthetically enhanced SDOCT, showed high Pearson’s correlations of 0.97 [95% CI: 0.96–0.98], 0.97 [0.95–0.98], 0.95 [0.92–0.98], and 0.87 [0.83–0.91], with intra-class correlation values of 0.99 [0.98–0.99], 0.98 [0.98–0.99], and 0.95 [0.96–0.98], 0.93 [0.91–0.95], respectively. Thus, our DL generative model successfully generated realistic enhanced SDOCT data that is indistinguishable from SSOCT images providing improved visualization of the choroid. This technology enabled accurate measurements of choroidal metrics previously limited by the imaging depth constraints of SDOCT. The findings open new possibilities for utilizing affordable SDOCT devices in studying the choroid in both healthy and pathological conditions.

Study region: The three headwaters of Tarim river, south of the Xinjiang Province, China. Study focus: Temporal runoff concentration variations are crucial for water resources utilization and management, particularly in arid regions. In this study, the runoff concentration in the Tarim River Basin is studied based on analysis of the trend, abrupt changes, and periodicity, identifying key extreme climate indices influencing the Gini-runoff coefficient and predicting its future changes under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). New hydrological insights for the region: From 1962–2020, the Gini-runoff coefficient decreased by 8.3 %, while annual runoff increased by 14.2 %. This is attributed to temperature changes, escalating hydrological risk uncertainty. The anomaly of low geopotential high fields and Central Asian anticyclones have caused an increase in total cloud cover (TCC) and precipitation, and a decrease in the Daily Temperature Range (DTR). Increasing of Warm nights (TN90), Maximum Tmax (TXx), and Hot nights (TR) have enhanced the warm-season runoff. However, the climatic impact on warm-season runoff is less pronounced than that in the cold season, which led to the runoff concentration decline. Changes in hydro-junction regulation led to decrease of Gini-runoff coefficient by 12.11 % from 2001 to 2020 along the Hotan river. Under the three SSP scenarios, the average Gini-runoff coefficient for the Aksu and Hotan rivers are expected to decrease by 3.3 % and 2.6 %, respectively.

C39H30N9O6Eu, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 31.579(6) Å, b = 10.0462(19) Å, c = 27.325(5) Å, β = 121.891(2)°, V = 7360(2) Å3, Z = 8, R gt(F) = 0.0295, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0835, T = 298 K [1–3].

C23H25FN2O, triclinic, P1‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 6.5011(2) Å, b = 11.2794(4) Å, c = 14.0796(6) Å, α = 110.246(4)°, β = 97.236(3)°, γ = 98.335(2)°, V = 941.01(6) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt (F) = 0.0476, wRref (F 2) = 0.1366, T = 293 K.

The global prevalence of myopia is increasing year by year, leading to many ocular health issues and social problems. In recent years, it has been confirmed that peripheral defocus is closely related to the occurrence and development of myopia. Alteration of the state of peripheral defocus can significantly influence the progression of myopia and emmetropization, but the exact mechanisms are still unclear. At present, there is no method that can completely control myopia. Nowadays, the main controlling methods, including orthokeratology lens, peripheral defocus lens and multi-focal soft lens, have been confirmed to be closely related to peripheral defocus. In this paper, we will review and summarize the development and effect of these peripheral defocus relating control methods. In addition, the researches on the related mechanisms of peripheral retinal defocus and myopia prevention and control at home and abroad are reviewed, as well as the potential mechanisms of peripheral defocus, with a view to further improving the controlling effects of existing methods, developing new prevention and control methods and reducing the incidence and progression of myopia.

Precipitation and incoming water are the key contributing factors to local flooding events, and analyzing the intra-annual distribution and change characteristics of precipitation and incoming water will be beneficial to the understanding of flooding contributing factors in this region. In this paper, the characteristics of intra-annual distribution of precipitation and incoming water and the synchronization of their changes in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin (LYRB) from 1980 to 2020 are studied using the concentration degree and concentration period as quantitative indicators. The results are as follows: 1) the maximum precipitation occurs earlier in the year, while maximum incoming water occurs with little variation in timing but significant variation in total volume; 2) the concentration degree of both precipitation and incoming water show a slowly decreasing trend. The concentration period of precipitation is slightly advanced, and that of incoming water is significantly delayed; 3) the occurrence time and concentration period of the incoming water peak during 2010–2020 lagged behind that of precipitation, which played a role in suppressing the occurrence of floods in the LYRB. This study can provide a scientific basis for the future supply and demand of water resources in the LYRB for safe use.

The concept of convexity plays an important role in the study of economics and consumer theory. For the most part, such studies have been conducted on the assumption that consumer preferences are a binary relation that is complete, reflexive and transitive on the set X of consumption choices. However, each consumer is a biological being with multidimensional physiological needs so that possible consumptions from different dimensions cannot be compared by using preferences. By removing that unrealistic assumption, this paper examines how the various concepts of convex preferences and relevant properties can be re-established. We derive a series of 10 formal propositions and construct 6 examples to show that (a) a weighted combination of two possible consumptions is not necessarily comparable with any of the consumptions; (b) not every convergent sequence of a consumer’s preferred consumptions asymptotically preserves that consumer’s preference preordering; (c) not all preferences satisfy either positive multiplicativity or additive conservation; (d) three types of preference convexities – weak convexity, convexity and strong convexity – can all be introduced into general convex spaces. This paper concludes with some research topics of expected significance for future works.

Abstract Glaucoma is a slowly progressing optic neuropathy that may eventually lead to blindness. To help patients receive customized treatment, predicting how quickly the disease will progress is important. Structural assessment using optical coherence tomography (OCT) can be used to visualize glaucomatous optic nerve and retinal damage, while functional visual field (VF) tests can be used to measure the extent of vision loss. However, VF testing is patient-dependent and highly inconsistent, making it difficult to track glaucoma progression. In this work, we developed a multimodal deep learning model comprising a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network, for glaucoma progression prediction. We used OCT images, VF values, demographic and clinical data of 86 glaucoma patients with five visits over 12 months. The proposed method was used to predict VF changes 12 months after the first visit by combining past multimodal inputs with synthesized future images generated using generative adversarial network (GAN). The patients were classified into two classes based on their VF mean deviation (MD) decline: slow progressors ( 3 dB). We showed that our generative model-based novel approach can achieve the best AUC of 0.83 for predicting the progression 6 months earlier. Further, the use of synthetic future images enabled the model to accurately predict the vision loss even earlier (9 months earlier) with an AUC of 0.81, compared to using only structural (AUC = 0.68) or only functional measures (AUC = 0.72). This study provides valuable insights into the potential of using synthetic follow-up OCT images for early detection of glaucoma progression.

In this work, normal manufacture of a B-bearing steel was hampered by cracks in steel. In order to control these cracks, the formation mechanism has been examined through a comprehensive analysis of crack morphology, element segregation, high temperature mechanical properties, and precipitates. The high-temperature thermoplastic capabilities of the steel were found to be reduced by boron nitride particles precipitated at grain boundary. This led to the formation of a brittle zone in the straightening zone of the continuous casting process, which in turn caused cracks. Based on the formation mechanism of these cracks, the cracks were successfully controlled by adding an appropriate amount of Ti element to the steel and reducing the charging temperature of the heating furnace.

C20H18ClF4N3O, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 12.5254(4) Å, b = 12.6845(5) Å, c = 24.1490(11) Å, V = 3836.8(3) Å3, Z = 8, Rgt(F) = 0.0485, wRref(F2) = 0.1343, T = 293 K.

C24H15NO2S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 20.8250(11) Å, b = 5.3649(3) Å, c = 18.8787(11) Å, β = 106.278(2)°, V = 2024.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0439, wRref(F2) = 0.1015, T = 273 K.

To make up for the shortcomings of the traditional teaching mode, such as teacher-centered, less interaction, limited output, and inability to meet students’ personalized learning needs, the author proposes a mathematical model for college English interactive distance teaching. Based on the social culture theory and the interactive theory of distance teaching, and based on analyzing the education and teaching functions of WeChat, this paper constructs an interactive college English mixed teaching model based on WeChat and conducts teaching practice research on this model. The model emphasizes learner-centered, creates an interactive learning environment for language acquisition, and reasonably allocates learning activities and learning processes. The experimental research shows that 95.79% of the students believe that the mixed teaching mode of college English based on the WeChat platform is conducive to their English learning and that this mixed teaching mode can improve their English teaching motivation, and 94.94% of the students say that the mixed English mode is satisfactory. Conclusion: The practice has proved that the mathematical model for college English interactive distance teaching can make up for the shortcomings of the traditional teaching model, such as teacher-centered, less interaction, limited output, and unable to meet students’ personalized learning needs.

In this paper, the overall development of electromagnetic heating food technology and even electromagnetic cooking technology was analyzed from multiple perspectives by means of literature date summary, and questionnaire survey analysis. This paper focused on the main components and functions, technical elements, core technical indicators and research hotspots of electromagnetic heating food equipment, and the current overall research situation of electromagnetic cooking food technology was also summarized and analyzed. For the commercial electromagnetic cooker products, this paper summarized and analyzed the market application situation and main use problems of electromagnetic cooker based on the questionnaire survey analysis method. Finally, based on the current situation of increasingly prominent problems of electromagnetic cooking products, the future development suggestion of standardizing market order and improving technology foresight was pointed out.

C20H18ClF4N3O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.6123(7) Å, b = 11.8692(7) Å, c = 16.9510(12) Å, β = 104.798(7)∘, V = 1869.8(2) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0444, wRref(F2) = 0.1043, T = 293 K.

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effect of the systemic immune-inflammation index/albumin ratio (SII/ALB) on the prognosis of immunotherapy-treated patients receiving opioids.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 185 immunotherapy-treated patients who received opioids at Xuzhou Central Hospital from 01/09/2021 to 01/09/2023. The results of related clinical data were collected during the week before the cancer patients received immunotherapy. The SII/ALB cut-off value was determined, and the relationship between the SII/ALB and clinical pathological parameters was analyzed using the chi-square test. The effect of the SII/ALB on progression-free survival (PFS) was examined using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazard model.ResultThe SII/ALB cut-off value was 20.86, and patients were divided into low (SII/ALB ≤ 20.86) and high (SII/ALB > 20.86) SII/ALB groups. Adverse reactions (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.108; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.061-0.192, P < 0.001) and the SII/ALB (HR = 0.093; 95% CI: 0.057-0.151, P < 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. Compared with the high SII/ALB group, the low SII/ALB group had longer PFS after opioid treatment (12.2 vs. 5.2 months, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe SII/ALB is a potentially important prognostic parameter in immunotherapy-treated patients receiving opioids.

Exploring the evolutionary process of the concept of science and technology in modern Chinese society is conducive to the innovation of the current path of science education popularization and scientific and technological literacy enhancement. In this paper, we construct a sampling selection algorithm using Bayesian and MCMC and then design a parameter derivation model. Assuming the model prior distribution hyperparameters and using the likelihood function to derive the specific form of the posterior probability distribution, an approximate integral calculation is carried out in order to directly derive the parameters to be estimated, and the BVAR-MCMC model is constructed. Using the model to analyze the temporal changes in the evolution of scientific and technological concepts in modern China, it is finally found that the changes in social and technological concepts during the Republican period were even stronger than those in the late Qing period. Influenced by the increasing scale of cross-cultural exchanges due to the gradual opening up of the gateway, cross-cultural open exchanges have the highest impulse value and the longest duration on the evolution of scientific and technological concepts, with the impulse of the Late Qing and the Republic of China phases above 1, and the duration of the positive influence covers the whole time series. The impulse values of the late Qing and the Republic of China are 2.68 and 3.59, respectively, and the education popularization rate, economic development level, the speed of technological life progress, and the degree of civilization and freedom of the social atmosphere have different degrees of influence on the evolution of scientific and technological concepts in the time series of modern history. This study innovates the statistical research method for modern history and conducts a pioneering exploratory study on the evolutionary process of modern social ideas change.

During the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China, the development of communication technology was closely correlated with societal progress. The social turmoil in the late Qing and early Republican periods, the social situation of “internal and external problems,” and the trend of “coming in” and “going out” of technological exchanges contributed to the introduction of modern communication technology, newspapers and magazines, and the establishment of the telegraph and the telephone. This led to the introduction of modern communication technology, represented by the telegraph and telephone, as well as the rise and establishment of newspapers and magazines. The national telegraph and the May Fourth Movement further enhanced the influence of the telegraph and communication technology on social development. The study analyzes the sources of funds, the number of subscribers, the number of telephone offices, the mileage of lines, the development of governmental telegraphs in each province, and the development of telegraphs in each country. It explores the development trend of communication technology in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, taking into account the interactions between the social conditions of the late Qing Dynasty and the development of telegraphs. Based on the monthly revenue of the telephone bureau, the Beijing Telephone Bureau’s installation fee in 1909 was approximately 1,799 yuan, with the telephone fee and the Electricity Bureau’s appropriation primarily financing its construction. Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Beijing Telephone Bureau extended its telegraph lines and increased the number of users. By 1911, the telegraph lines’ mileage had reached about 99,979 miles, indicating a relatively rapid development. However, the telegraph business remained significantly behind that of other countries.

With the rapid development of the copper-based composite in the field of electrical contact material industry, the problem of poor arc erosion resistance of the copper-based material becomes more and more prominent. Improving the arc erosion resistance of the copper-based composite is an urgent problem to be solved. Cu-Al2O3/30Mo/3SiC and 0.5Y2O3/Cu-Al2O3/30Mo/3SiC electrical contact composites were prepared in a fast-hot-pressing sintering furnace. The microstructure and phase structure of the composites were analyzed by using a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction meter, respectively. The arc erosion properties of the composites at 25 V, DC and 10-30 A were investigated by using a JF04C electric contact tester. The mass loss of the composites was reduced by 77.8%, and the arc erosion rate was reduced by 79.6% after the addition of nano-yttrium oxide under the experimental conditions of 25 V, DC and 30 A. At the same time, the arc energy and welding force of the composite after switching operations decreased, indicating that the addition of nano-yttria improved the arc erosion resistance of the composite. This work provides a new method for improving the arc erosion resistance of the copper-based composite contact material.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of immersion frozen storage （IFS） on quality of the unwashed silver carp surimi. Methods: The surimi samples were immersed into liquid coolant non-contacted and stored at (-20±2) ℃ for 60 days, and changes in the Ca2+-ATPase activity, carbonyl content, thiobarbituric acid value （TBA）, as well as the strength, water holding capacity and structure of surimi gel during frozen storage were analyzed, using the traditional frozen storage （TFS） as a control. Results: The results were showed that surimi in IFS group passed through the maximum ice crystal formation zone in 10 min, which was much faster than that of surimi with TFS group （78 min）. The temperature fluctuation range during the whole storage period in IFS and TFS group was 0.72 ℃ and 1.43 ℃, respectively. With prolongation of frozen storage time, the Ca2+-ATPase activity, gel strength and water holding capacity of all samples gradually decreased, while protein carbonyl content and TBA value of all samples gradually increased, and the surimi gel network structure was gradually destroyed. However, changes of all the above indicators for IFS group were distinctly smaller than those for TFS group. Condusion: IFS could effectively alleviate the deterioration of surimi quality during storage, and was a potential low-temperature cold chain technique for food processing and preservation.

Abstract Background This study introduces a novel retrograde precision shaping elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN-RPS) technique and reports clinical outcomes in pediatric distal radius metaphyseal diaphysis junction (DRMDJ) fracture. Methods Data about DRMDJs were collected from February 1, 2020, to April 31, 2022 at two hospitals, retrospectively. All patients were treated with closed reduction and ESIN-RPS fixation. The operation time, blood loss, fluoroscopy times, alignment, and residual angulation on X-ray were recorded. At the last follow-up, the function of wrist and forearm rotation were evaluated. Results Totally, 23 patients were recruited. The mean time of follow-up was 11 months and the minimum was 6 months. The mean operation time was 52 min, and the mean fluoroscopies pulses were 6 times. The postoperative anterioposterior (AP) alignment was 93 ± 4% and the lateral alignment was 95 ± 3%. The postoperative AP angulation was (4 ± 1)°, and the lateral angulation was (3 ± 1)°. At the last follow-up, the evaluation of the Gartland and Werley demerit criteria of wrist revealed 22 excellent cases and 1 good case. The forearm rotation and thumb dorsiflexion functions were not limited. Conclusion The ESIN-RPS is a novel, safe, and effective method for the treatment of pediatric DRMDJ fracture.

Dynamic monitoring technology of grain inventory quantity has become a new technical demand of grain storage management. On the basis of the current situation of static monitoring technology of grain stock quantity, the difficulties of dynamic monitoring technology were analyzed and put forward. This paper mainly introduced the research progress and application of dynamic inventory quantity monitoring in the development of three-dimensional measuring device, data acquisition and fusion technology of multi- measuring stations of super large grain piles, high precision volume algorithm of irregular grain piles, average density evaluation method of complex heterogeneous grain piles, integrated management software platform and so on. The measurement error of the developed dynamic monitoring system for grain inventory quantity was less than 2%, which meet the application requirements. This new technology provides the technical support for the information management and digital transformation development of grain storage business.

In order to improve the information and intelligent technology level of the national policy grain inventory, the portable grain inventory measurement equipment was developed by comprehensive application of modern technologies such as photoelectric detection, integrated circuit, software development, and mathematical modeling. On the basis of functional requirement analysis, the overall technical route of equipment research and development is formulated. The key problems and solutions such as high-precision measuring equipment and integrated control program, adaptive grain pile volume measurement scheme and algorithm and management software are focused. The application of equipment is briefly introduced. The equipment is advanced in technology, easy to carry, rich in functions and easy to operate. It provides a new measuring technology for the national grain clearance check.

The average density of particulate grain pile is an important parameter for real-time online measurement of grain stock quantity. In order to solve the problem of calculating the average density of particulate grain pile in the inventory of grain processing enterprises, a calculation method for the average density of particulate grain pile in silos was proposed based on the comparison and analysis of the existing methods. Besides, a complete process of grain filling and discharging o f a rice silo was selected to verify the measurement accuracy and practicability of the method. The results shows the method meet the requirements of use. This method is simple, practical, and accurate. In addition, the method overcomes the shortcomings of the existing correction coefficient method and provides technical means for dynamic inventory count in grain processing enterprises.

Abstract At present, commercial geothermal power stations are mainly high‐temperature and medium‐temperature geothermal energy, while the large number of low‐temperature geothermal energy resources are rarely used for power generation applications. This paper proposes a new model for energy conversion in low‐temperature geothermal power systems. The basic structure and working principle of this new model are analysed, in detail, a low‐temperature geothermal model and a Stirling engine model for geothermal energy conversion are established, and the control strategies on the rotor and stator sides of the Stirling‐driven doubly‐fed generator are discussed. Finally, the simulation analysis is carried out, and its results show that the thermal conversion efficiency of Stirling’s engine can reach 38%, the output AC voltage of the power generation system reaches the set value 50Hz, 190V, and the DC bus voltage is constant at 300V, which verified the validity of the proposed power generation model and related control strategies. This system expands the range of available heat sources in geothermal power generation, makes geothermal power generation more flexible in terms of site selection, power generation capacity and control, and provides a new idea for geothermal power generation structure.

Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) is a well-established instrumental technique for accurately analyzing isotopes of elements with low first ionization potential. However, the measurement accuracy is affected due to the existence of the mass fractionation effect. Generally, applying the external standard method or total evaporation method is the most common way to correct the mass fractionation effect. Total evaporation (TE） technology is the most conventional method for uranium major isotope ratio measurement (235U/238U) using TIMS. However, due to the strong peak tailing of the major isotopes and other factors, the measurement precision and accuracy of minor isotope ratios (234U/238U and 236U/238U) are relatively low. In this study, the modified total evaporation (MTE) method for highly precise measurement of uranium isotopes ratios by TIMS was developed based on the research of dynamic heating procedures, dynamic and static receiving procedures, peak tailing correction, efficiency calibration of collectors and mass discrimination calibration. The accuracy and reliability of the MTE method were verified with different reference materials. The experiment results showed that the yield of uranium oxide should be monitored and the related parameters should be precisely controlled to reduce the yield of uranium oxidation during measurement. This action could guarantee the effectiveness of the MTE measurement and improve the uranium samples utilization. The initial strength of 187Re+ played an important role in the ionization efficiency of uranium and the yield of uranium oxide. The optimal signal of 187Re+ should be set in the range of 0.17-0.22 V. When uranium samples with 2% 235U isotopic abundance were measured by the MTE method using TIMS, the measurement precisions of 235U/238U, 234U/238U and 236U/238U were 0.024%, 0.06%, and 0.19%, and the bias between the measured value and reference value were 0.025%, 0.19%, and 0.38%, respectively. Compared to the TE method, the MTE method showed the same precision for the 235U/238U ratio measurement. As for the MTE measurement of 234U/238U and 236U/238U ratios, the major uranium isotopes (235U and 238U) were used as an internal standard to overcome the mass fractionation effect. When the tailing effects were eliminated, the measurement precisions of 234U/238U and 236U/238U ratios were improved by 5 to 10 times. As for sample amount, the TE method generally requires the uranium amount of less than 1 μg, while 5 μg is required for the MTE method.

Combustion instability is easy to occur under lean combustion of gas turbine. Analyzing and predicting the characteristics of unstable combustion is of great significance to ensure the normal operation of combustion chamber. The flame describing function (FDF) of combustion chamber was obtained by numerical simulation, and the thermoacoustic instability characteristics of combustion chamber were predicted by combining the low-order thermoacoustic network model. Firstly, the operating conditions and main frequency of oscillating combustion were obtained through the self-excited oscillation experiment of model swirler combustor.Secondly, by using large eddy simulation (LES), the response characteristics of heat release rate of flame combustion under different inlet disturbances were obtained, and the FDF was fitted. Finally, the low-order thermoacoustic network model of the combustion chamber was established, and the instability characteristics of the combustion chamber were analyzed. The results show that the oscillation characteristics predicted by the model are consistent with the experimental data, indicating that the model can predict the combustion instability characteristics from the mechanism.

Through the research on the determination of bisphenol A in vegetable oil by high-performance liquid chromatography, this article established the method for determining bisphenol A in vegetable oil. Bisphenol A was extracted with acetonitrile.The extract was purified and eluted by the amino solid-phase extraction column and then concentrated and reconstituted. After filtration, the extract was separated by high-performance liquid chromatography, detected by the fluorescence detector, and quantified by the standard external method. The methodological performance analysis showed that the linear range was 0.003 333~0.666 7 μg/mL, the correlation coefficient (r) of the standard curve is greater than 0.999, the detection limit of the method is 0.007 mg/kg, see the quantification limit was 0.013 mg/kg, the recoveries ranged from 90.8% to 103.2%, and the coefficient of variation of seven replicate assays was 2.8%. It was verified that the method had good linearity, high sensitivity, good repeatability, accurate and reliable results, and could meet the requirements of GB/T 27417—2017, providing a technical basis for the scientific evaluation of the content of bisphenol A in vegetable oil.

C17H12INO3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 7.5319(5) Å, b = 7.9745(5) Å, c = 25.1313(17) Å, β = 98.459(7)°, V = 1493.04(17) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0272, wRref(F2) = 0.0595, T = 199.98(10) K.

Through sampling the four main high-quality varieties of early and late indica rice, Yexiangyou, NO.2 Guangliangxiang, Baixiang and Sixiang, that are promoted and planted in Guangxi in 2021, doing tests according to the quality indicators stipulated and the methods specified in the standards of ‹High Quality Paddy› ‹The Grain & Oil Products of China-Paddy› ‹The good grain products of Guangxi—Guangxi fragrant rice› and analyzing the test data, this article compared and researched the quality change of the four main rice varieties in different seasons, different planting areas, as well as in the same planting area and different planting seasons, explored the influence laws of varieties, regions and planting seasons on the high-quality rice varieties, provided scientific basis and data support for the selection and promotion of high-quality rice varieties, and promoted the further development of industries in Guangxi’s high-quality rice and Guangxi fragrant rice.

Objective： To explore the relationship between functional properties of rice glutelin fibril aggregates （RGFAs） solution formed by different storage and heating time. Methods: The RGFAs samples were prepared by heating rice glutelin （RG） at 85 ℃ and pH 2.0 for 2~15 h, and stored at 4 ℃ for 1 day and 4 days, respectively. The surface hydrophobicity, emulsifying property, shear viscosity of RGFAs samples as well as the gelatinization characteristics and hydrolysis rate of the mixture of RGFAs and starch were measured. Results: After storage at 4 ℃ for 4 days, the emulsifying properties were significantly improved. The surface hydrophobicity of RGFAs solution formed by heat treatment for 2~10 h decreased significantly （P＜0.05）, while the surface hydrophobicity of RGFAs solution formed after 15 h of heat treatment did not change significantly （P＞0.05）, and the shear viscosity of 15 h-RGFAs solution decreased. The gelatinization temperature of the mixture of starch and 2 h-RGFAs stored for 1 day was the lowest （83.98±0.08） ℃, and the hydrolysis rate of the mixture of starch and RGFAs samples stored for 1 day was lower than that of other samples. Conclusion: The inhibition of wheat starch hydrolysis by RGFAs samples stored for 1 day was better than that by RGFAs samples stored for 4 days.

Objective: The effect of dried silver carp process on quality and safety was studied. Methods: Taking the fresh silver carp as the raw material, the curing concentration (NaCl), curing temperature, curing time, drying temperature and drying time as investigating factors, investigated the effects of different processing conditions on the rehydration rate, color, texture and AGEs formation. Results: The concentration of curing salt and drying temperature had significant effects on the sensory evaluation of dried fish products (P＜0.05), and the optimal processing conditions obtained were curing concentration of 9%, curing temperature of 4 ℃, curing time of 3 h, drying temperature of 60 ℃ and drying time of 24 h. The alkanes, aromatic compounds and sulfur-containing organic compounds contributed most to the flavor of dried fish. The dried fish products with a curing concentration of 9%, curing temperature of 4 ℃, curing time of 3 h, and drying temperature of 60 ℃ had better retention of flavor substances. The samples became yellowish in color, less bright and harder, which was reflected in sensory changes as dried fish products with golden color, firm texture and non-flabby tissue. The content of carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and carboxyethyl lysine (CEL) increased with increasing salt content. However, the differences in CML and CEL of dried fish under 3% and 9% salt concentration curing were not significant. Conclusion: The dried fish products with curing concentration of 9%, curing temperature of 4 ℃, curing time of 3 h, drying temperature of 60 ℃ and drying time of 24 h are the optimal products. This study provides technical support for the processing and safety control of dried silver carp.

Abstract Objectives To explore the association between CT-derived pectoralis muscle index (PMI) and COVID-19 induced lung injury. Methods We enrolled 116 elderly COVID-19 patients linked to the COVID-19 outbreak in Nanjing Lukou international airport. We extracted three sessions of their CT data, including one upon admission (T1), one during the first 2 weeks when lung injury peaked (T2) and one on day 14 ± 2 (T3). Lung injury was assessed by CT severity score (CTSS) and pulmonary opacity score (POS). Pneumonia evolution was evaluated by changes of CT scores at T2 from T1(Δ). Results The maximum CT scores in low PMI patients were higher than those of normal PMI patients, including CTSS1 (7, IQR 6–10 vs. 5, IQR 3–6, p 4. The presence of low PMI (OR = 5.98, p 4. Meanwhile, presence of low PMI (OR = 2.82, p = 0.042) and incrementally increasing D-dimer (OR = 0.088, p = 0.024) were predictors of lung injury aggravation with ΔPOS = 2. Conclusions PMI can be easily assessed on chest CT images and can potentially be used as one of the markers to predict the severity of lung injury in elderly COVID-19 patients.

Objective: This research aimed to understand the effects of different levels of NaCl added in soymilk on textural characteristics of resulted white dried beancurds. Methods: The textural characteristics and protein-gel network structures of dried beancurds produced from soymilk added with different levels of NaCl （0~1%） were fully evaluated through texture profile analysis, creep test, scanning electron microscopy and others. Results: The addition of NaCl in soymilk led to a significant increase （P＜0.05） of water held in the protein-gel network of dried beancurds as well as a less compact protein-network structure and overall weaker protein-gel. In addition, the levels of NaCl added in soymilk were highly correlated （r was 0.967~0.982） with the yield and water content of the resulted white dried beancurds, but negatively correlated （r was -0.901~-0.994） with water holding capacity, gel strength, cohesiveness, elastic modulus and other textural properties of dried beancurds. Conclusion: The soymilk added with 0.50%~0.75% of NaCl resulted in dried beancurds with required salty taste and acceptable textural characteristics.

For the karst tunnel with pipeline cavities in the surrounding rock, it is very easy to accumulate high water pressure in the pipeline cavity due to the influences of heavy rainfall on the surface and groundwater, which will lead to lining cracking, water leakage, and water gushing diseases. To explore the influence of high water pressure on the lining structure, model tests of pipeline karst tunnels under high water pressure were carried out, and the internal force characteristics of tunnel lining under the influence of cavity position and water head height were studied. Based on the test findings, the numerical calculation models of extended working conditions were established. The effects of cavity diameter, cavity position, and water head height on the lining structure were further explored. The results show that the inner side of the lining in contact with the cavities bears a larger positive bending moment when there are karst cavities around the tunnel, and is the most unfavorable position of the lining to bear loads. The internal forces of the lining increase greatly, with the increase of cavity diameter and water head height in the cavity. The location of the cavity affects the internal force distributions of the lining, and the water pressure resistance capacity of the lining is the smallest when the cavity is located at the tunnel vault. The research results can provide a reference for the structural design and safe construction of pipeline karst tunnels.

At present, the cylindrical shell was regarded as the dominating structure in underwater vehicles, which raised the crucial significance to research underwater vehicles’ vibration and acoustic radiation features. In this study, the analytical expression of vibration–acoustic theory had been given according to the derivation with the vibration–acoustic theory of ribless cylindrical shell structure. Meanwhile, the effects of key parameters on vibration–acoustic characteristics are investigated including modulus, density, thickness, loss factor, etc. The research shows that the stiffness and damping of the shell directly affected the vibration of the structure. Furthermore, the performance of vibration attenuation and noise reduction of the shell had been enhanced by increasing the modulus, thickness, and loss factor in materials.

Abstract Background The scales serve as an ideal model for studying the regulatory mechanism of bone homeostasis in fish. To explore the effect of salinity acclimation on bone metabolism of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), three sampling time points during salinity acclimation (7D, 14D and 21D) were selected to detect variations in histological characteristics. In the histological analysis, osteoblast marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoclast marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAcP) and calcium salt deposit areas (Von Kossa′s) were detected. Changes in calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and the molar mass ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca/P) in the scales were also detected by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). In addition, the global MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles during salinity acclimation were examined using Illumina sequencing platform because of their important regulatory roles in teleost biological processes. Results Twelve independent miRNA libraries were constructed, a total of 664 known and 92 putative novel miRNAs were identified. A total of 290 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were found in clusters with significant trends in the cluster analysis, and five types of clustering patterns were obtained; 22,374 DE predicted target genes of the aforementioned 290 DE miRNAs were obtained, 5957 of which clustered in six types of clustering patterns with a significant trend. To better understand the functions of the DE miRNAs, GO and KEGG analysis was performed on the 5957 target genes, as a result, they were significantly enriched in bone metabolism related signaling pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway, Calcium signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, Mineral absorption and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Six DE miRNAs were randomly selected and their expression were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), the expression trends were consistent with the results of transcriptome sequencing. Conclusions The DE miRNAs and DE target genes identified in this study might play an important role in regulation of bone metabolism during salinity acclimation, relative genes or pathways could serve as key candidates for further studies to elucidate molecular mechanism of teleost bone metabolism, and help performing salinity acclimation and developing marine culture of salmonid species.

Objective: Improvement of the baking quality of the multi-grain pre-blent bread flour. Methods: On the basis of the previous study on the preparation of low glycemic index multi-grain pre-blent bread flour with oat flour, chickpea flour and wheat flour as the main raw materials, this study employed single factor experiment and response surface methodology to optimize the formula of the pre-blent bread flour. Results: The optimal concentration of xanthan gum, gluten, maltose amylase and ascorbic acid were 0.78 g/100 g, 3.42 g/100 g, 200.00 mg/kg and 171.70 mg/kg, respectively. The specific volume and hardness of the prepared bread were （2.21±0.03） mL/g and （15.97±0.69） N, respectively, which were closed to the bread made with pure wheat flour. The sensory evaluation results （including odor, internal structure, taste and overall acceptability） of the bread prepared from the multi-grain pre-blend flour were better than that of bread made from pure wheat flour. Conclusion: The formula of multi-grain pre-blent bread flour optimized by this study can be used in industrialization.

Background: To explore the expressions and clinical significance of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in serum and synovia of patients with gouty arthritis (GA).

The apparent cohesion caused by matric suction makes the mechanical properties of unsaturated sand significantly different from those of dry sand. In order to study the soil arching effect of the unsaturated sand tunnel, trapdoor tests with different water content and buried depth were carried out. The time-dependent characteristics of soil arching in different working conditions were revealed by interpreting the failure mode of sand and the changes in earth pressure in the process of baffle falling. The influence of water content and buried depth on the soil arching effect was expounded. Meanwhile, the distribution mode of earth pressure above the baffle was analyzed based on the arc arch theory of major principal stress trajectories and considering the suction between particles. The discrete element numerical simulation is carried out based on PFC (Particle Flow Code) adhesive rolling resistance linear model, and the soil arching effect under different working conditions is analyzed from the micro perspective. The results show that the failure mode of dry sand develops rapidly from triangle to trapezoid, and the failure mode of unsaturated sand is triangle and related to water content. The earth pressure changes in three stages and the earth pressure decreases to the extreme value and then rises when the sand is dry. The extreme value of earth pressure in the unsaturated conditions is greatly reduced compared with that of dry sand. The earth pressure is less affected by the burial depth when the water content is higher. Cracks appear at the edge of the loosened area, and natural arch is formed after the local collapse. The numerical simulation shows that with the baffle falling, the direction of principal stress rotates obviously. The contact force chain changes from the loosened area to the stable area from weak to strong. The earth pressure distribution of model test and numerical simulation is consistent with the theoretical analysis. The results show that the porosity of dry sand is consistent with the earth pressure, and the porosity increases rapidly when the cracks appear in the water bearing condition, while the contact fabric evolves remarkably with the water content.

The layered composite rock was subjected to triaxial compression tests under constant confining pressure and the stress–strain curves under different confining pressures were obtained. Based on the continuous damage theory and statistical strength theory, it is assumed that the strength of rock microelements obeys Weibull distribution by taking the defects such as random micro-cracks in the rock into account. The statistical constitutive model of layered composite rock with damage correction is established by taking the axial strain of rock as a random distribution variable of microelement strength. The model parameters were determined by the curve fitting method and referring to some test parameters. By comparing the experimental data and the constitutive model curve, the rationality and feasibility of the model are verified.