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Context: Despite the Weekly Iron folic acid supplementation (WIFS) program, the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls remains high. Phase 1 Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) task force study conducted in 2016 in Kallur showed that the IFA provision rate for adolescent girls was 72% but the consumption rate was only 15% in the Kallur area. The present study was done to identify the gaps for the difference between provision and consumption rate of weekly IFA tablets among adolescent girls using the WHO conceptual framework in home-based settings. Materials and Methods: This crosssectional study with a mixedmethod design was conducted from October 2020 to December 2021. Quantitative data were collected from 972 adolescent girls and their parents using a structured pretested questionnaire, whereas qualitative exploration was done by focus group discussions. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis were used to analyse the quantitative data. Qualitative data were analysed and integrated with quantitative results. Results: The overall number of girls who were aware of Iron Folic acid therapy (IFAT) was 704 (72%). However, only 132 (13%) adolescent girls were found to be adherent to IFA therapy. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that side effects encountered on intake of IFAT (Odds ratio (OR) =0.5, P = 0.009) were associated with higher rates of nonadherence, whereas regular supply (OR = 13.6, P = 0.000), health education to parents (OR = 2.76, P = 0.002), and experiencing benefits (OR = 1.72, P = 0.006) were associated with higher rates of adherence. These were substantiated by qualitative findings. Conclusions: Ignorance on the impact of anaemia on adolescent health, fear of side effects, unpleasant effects experienced on intake of Iron folic acid (IFA), and inadequate counselling determines the adherence to weekly IFA supplements among adolescent girls.

Background: The multidrug-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains are an increasing global concern. The primary cause of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii is production of various beta-lactamases with versatile hydrolytic capacities. The present study investigates the prevalence of different carbapenemases among clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii from a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala, India. Methods: Non-duplicate isolates from sputum, endotracheal aspirate, pus, urine, and blood samples were included in the study. Isolate identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates were done using vitek 2 system. A conventional polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the carbapenemase-encoding genes in the isolates. Results: A total of the 126 isolates studied, among these 105 (83.3%) isolates were from intensive care unit patients and 21(16.6%) were from non-ICU inpatients. Most of the isolates were obtained from respiratory specimens-78(61.9%) followed by pus-33(26.2%), urine-12(9.5%) and blood- 3(2.4%). The prevalence of carbapenemase genes were as follows:blaOXA-51(n=126, 100%) blaOXA-23 (n=98, 77.7%), blaOXA-58 (n=7, 5.6%), blaNDM (n=66, 52.4%), blaIMP (n=26, 20.6%), and blaVIM (n=20, 15.9%). Among the total isolates 78 (61.9%) isolates harbored metallo-beta-lactamase genes, 47(37.3%) isolates harboured a single carbapenemase gene, while 69(54.8%) isolates harbored two or more genes. Conclusion: This study reveals a higher prevalence of metallo-beta lactamases and the co-occurrence of multiple carbapenemase genes in Carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates.

This paper Provides Compared S-box Galois Field Approach Based on LUT and Logic Gates for AES in terms of decreased chip size and decreased delay, which enhances performance. Data security is a fundamental requirement in the digital age. Modern cryptography encryption techniques are essential for creating secure communication. The Advanced Encryption Satandard (AES) is widely regarded as the cryptography field's strongest encryption technique. The Operate Three Stage Pipeline process to reduce delay of S-box AES-256 using logic gates Galios Field approch. So,accordingly increse speed. Additionally, results of the suggested and existing approaches were compared. The proposed approch simulated and sythesised with Virtex-5 FPGA device along with design in verilog code in xilinx 14.7 software.

Armed vehicles, improvised explosive device blast-proof vehicles, require their windshields and windows to be transparent and yet be resistant to high-velocity impact of splinters. Hence, composite which is of ballistic grade and yet transparent is in real need for all these applications. This study is dedicated to finding a practical solution for using transparent polycarbonate (PC) laminate made using solvent vapor bonding for ballistic applications. The solvent that was proved to be best for solvent vapor bonding of polycarbonate sheets was dichloromethane, as the bond strength was observed to be high from the results of lap shear tensile test. The transparency retention is reasonably high when solvent vapor bonding was used and the toughness has increased near to 50% in comparison with nonlaminated PC. In this study, a polycarbonate laminate with dimensions 150 * 150 * 40 mm made using solvent vapor bonding and is tested with two 9-mm bullets fired with velocity of 430 m/s from a distance of 5 m. The laminae successfully stopped both the bullets without any back face signature and there was no brittle failure as such, rather delamination happened at interface of laminae since it has essentially absorbed the impact energy of bullet. Highlights * Solvent vapor bonding of polycarbonate laminate. * Transparent ballistic shield with layer of polycarbonate laminate. * Enhancement of mechanical properties of solvent-vaporized bonding polycarbonate laminate. * Ballistic testing of transparent polycarbonate laminate. KEYWORDS composites, impact resistance, polycarbonates, toughness, transparency, 1 | INTRODUCTION Police officers, military personnel, and members of the armed forces are often under threat. They are exposed to the risks, varying from rock pelting to gun fires. [...]

Abstract Despite a global call to action, many deaths occur yearly in developing nations from contagious diseases due to poor sanitation and hygiene. Although hand hygiene (HH) behavior was critical in preventing the COVID-19 pandemic, the sustainability of such practices is still questionable. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the prevalence and determinants of HH behavior among the Indian population (PROSPERO registration ID: CRD42022344961). Systematic searches on electronic databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, JSTOR, PubMed, and Google Scholar, targeted qualitative and quantitative studies that report HH behaviors in India. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with the inverse-variance method using random-effects models, acknowledging the study heterogeneity. Out of 1053 studies, 15 studies that met eligibility criteria were included in the qualitative synthesis. Among them, five studies were included in the meta-analyses. The overall prevalence of HH before food was 55% (95% CI = 31–78), and after the toilet was 84% (95% CI = 65–96). Subgroup analysis showed that before-food HH prevalence pre- and post-COVID-19 was 61% and 36%, respectively, whereas after-toilet HH prevalence was 91% and 74%, respectively. Meta-regression revealed statistically non-significant results for COVID-19 status. While it could not adequately explain the heterogeneity of the ‘before-food prevalence’ studies (Adj. R2 = − 34.80%), it did account for more than 19% in ‘after-toilet prevalence’ (Adj. R2 = 19.72%). This systematic review highlights various demographic, psychosocial, and environmental determinants of HH behavior. The results offer the potential for a deeper comprehension of the key factors influencing HH in India and could find implications for developing viable interventions. This aids in planning efficient promotional campaigns to enhance personal hygiene and control infectious diseases in the nation.

Background: The 2016 WHO classification of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia suggest that cases of pre and pro T cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (T-ALL) now fall under Early T-cell precursor ALL (ETP-ALL) or Near ETP ALL. Accurate subtyping is essential as the subsets are characterized by distinct molecular profiles and identifying molecular aberrations allow patients to receive novel treatment agents. Aim and Objectives: To study the immunophenotypic characteristics in T-ALL cases and assess the diagnostic difficulties encountered in its subtyping. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven cases of T-ALL were analysed on flow cytometry using a 6/8 colour panel of monoclonal antibodies, including B cell, T-cell, myeloid and stem cell markers. The cases were categorized as ETP-ALL, near ETP-ALL, cortical T-ALL and medullary T-ALL. Clinical details were retrieved from patient case files. Results: Patient age ranged from 1 to 64 years. Male to female ratio was 2.1: 1 and 35.1% cases were documented to have mediastinal mass. Mean haemoglobin level was 8.6 g/dl, and median total WBC count was 118.3 × 10 /µl. Blast percentage ranged from 39-98%, with mean of 84.8%. On flow cytometry analysis, all cases expressed CD7 and cytoplasmic CD3. CALLA+ (CD10+) were 32.4% cases. The aberrant expression of B-cell marker (CD79a) was observed in 5.4% cases. Majority of the cases were classified as medullary T-ALL, constituting 37.8% cases. ETP ALL were 21.6% cases, 13.5% cases were near ETP-ALL and 24.3% cases were cortical T-ALL. One case could not be definitely assigned to a specific category. Conclusion: This study reflects the difficulties encountered in subtyping of T-ALL cases due to antigenic overlap and/or due to lack of an extended panel of secondary markers.

BackgroundRecent research identified that cancer bereavement can lead to post-traumatic growth (PTG). Although PTG and its correlates are well explored in cancer patients and survivors, persons bereaved from cancer have received scant attention. Therefore, the present review attempts to identify the correlates of PTG among persons bereaved from cancer.MethodsA systematic search in PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsycNet, Science Direct, Scopus, and Wiley was conducted to identify quantitative studies published in English, resulting in 12 eligible reports being included in the final analysis. JBI critical checklists were employed to appraise the risk of bias.ResultsThe review identified 17 correlates, which were classified into four categories: demographic factors (age, gender, religious status, level of education), loss-related factors (time since death, quality of death, prolonged grief symptoms), interpersonal factors (relationship to the deceased, social support, attachment style, bereavement behaviours) and intrapersonal factors (resilience, coping, rumination, benevolence, meaningfulness, self-worth). Random effects meta-analyses on six correlates revealed correlation coefficients of age = -0.02 (95% CI: -0.35-0.31), gender = 0.27 (95% CI: 0.08-0.45), time since death = 0.09 (95% CI: -0.02-0.20), quality of death = 0.29 (95% CI: -0.01-0.54), prolonged grief symptoms = 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08-0.35) and relationship to the deceased = 0.13 (95% CI: -0.03-0.29). Fixed effects meta-analysis was performed for social support (r = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04-0.21). However, PTG was found to be significantly associated with gender, prolonged grief symptoms, and social support.ConclusionsVery few studies examined PTG among persons bereaved from cancer, highlighting the need for increased attention, understanding, and conceptualisation of PTG in the population.

Data analysis techniques can be used to analyze the pattern of data in different fields. Based on the analysis' results, it is recommended that suggestions be provided to decision making authorities. The data mining techniques can be used in educational domain to improve the outcome of the educational sectors. The authors carried out this research study by devising a mathematical model and tool to determine effective course conduction strategy, for teaching the students regression analysis and goodness of fit test. This helps the faculty to take necessary remedial actions to improve performance in courses by selecting effective course conduction based on the students' performance. The accuracy of prediction in this research is more as it is measured by using Rsquare value which is near to one.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unintentional and detrimental reactions arising due to normal drug usage. Identifying ADRs is vital in spheres of health and pharmacology. ADRs occur due to a single drug or a combination of multiple drugs. In the pharmaceutical industry, recognizing this type of medication interactions is viewed as a significant task. In this paper, we discuss the extraction of ADRs from combined medications (two drugs) by using medical transcripts and online reviews as the primary sources. Here, Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques are combined with weighted association rule mining for extracting ADRs due to a single drug from medical transcripts. Single drug ADRs are also obtained from online health reviews using an ensemble classifier. These drugs along with their ADRs are used for constructing two-drug (combined medication) associated ADRs dataset. Further, by using the dataset of combined medications, the interaction of the medications and the reactions that are associated with that drug combination are predicted. In the first two phases of single drug associated ADR prediction, weighted association rule mining and ensemble classifier got an accuracy of 88%. The proposed model obtained an accuracy of 85.3%.

Abstract Adolescent mental health problems have been recognised as a major issue in low-income countries including India. Through a meta-analytic approach, the present review delineate the overall prevalence of each of the most discussed mental health problems among rural adolescents in India, comprising depression, anxiety disorders, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, separation anxiety, social anxiety disorder, suicidality, hyperactivity, emotional problems, conduct problems and peer problems. The review also presents the potential determinants of such mental health problems. Using PRISMA guidelines, a total of thirty-five studies were finalized from databases such as PubMed, Science Direct, JSTOR, Web of Science, Google Scholar and ProQuest. From the findings, it is observed that male and female adolescents does not differ significantly in the prevalence of most mental health problems. However, social anxiety was found to be more prevalent among females when compared to males. In meta-regression, factors like tools used (screening tools vs diagnostic interviews), sample size, setting (school-based vs community-based), sampling technique and year of publication were found to influence the prevalence rates of certain mental health problems, reported in the studies. Major determinants influencing the prevalence of mental health problems in rural adolescents were age, socio-economic status, academic and family environment. Individual factors such as social media usage, physical activity, and substance use also contribute to mental health problems. As India accounts for one-fifth of the world's adolescent population, the findings of this review can have global implications.

Background: Self-medication has been defined as the taking of drugs, herbs, or home remedies on one's own initiative and advice from another person without consulting a medical specialist. The objective of the study was to identify the pattern of self-medication in ophthalmic emergencies in patients attending the emergency department in a peripheral rural setup in south India. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross–sectional, questionnaire-based observational study. The patients selected were above 18 years of age. Informed consent was taken. A questionnaire on the demographic characteristics, level of literacy, history of the ophthalmic condition for which the patient had self-medicated, type of self-medication resorted to , reasons for resorting to ocular self–medication, and the adverse effects reported were all noted in the study. Results: The study included 100 subjects. Fifty-three percent were male and 47% were female. Among the 100 subjects, 10% of the individuals were educated above primary school level. Thirty-five percent had only primary school level education and the remaining 55% had not been to a formal school and had no basic education. Among our respondents, the most commonly used self-medication was antibiotic drops (24%), followed by expired medication (23%). 20% used steroid drops. 15% had tried traditional eye medication (TEM). Herbal and other indigenous medications were used by 12% of the responders. 7% used oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug agents. None of the responders were aware of the adverse effects of self-medication. The most common ophthalmic emergency symptoms faced by our responders were excessive watering (37%), pain (28%), foreign body in the eye (14%), redness and discharge (12%), decreases vision (5%), and pain in the eye (4%). The common reasons given by our responders for not accessing health-care facilities were distance (living far from health-care facilities), advice from family and friends, belief if local healers, lack of finances and poverty, and lack of prioritizing health care. Following self–medication, 30% of the patients had infectious keratitis, 28% had conjunctivitis, 25% had epithelial defects, and 17% glaucoma. Conclusion: Irrational long-term use of drugs/traditional eye medicine or even the usage for ophthalmic emergencies can have dangerous visual outcomes. The study highlights the need of effective execution and establishment of high-quality accessible primary eye care services and health-care referral network in rural India.