18 results on '"Landemaine, Valentin"'
Search Results
2. Analysis of off-site economic costs induced by runoff and soil erosion: Example of two areas in the northwestern European loess belt for the last two decades (Normandy, France)
- Author
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Patault, Edouard, Ledun, Jérôme, Landemaine, Valentin, Soulignac, Arnaud, Richet, Jean-Baptiste, Fournier, Matthieu, Ouvry, Jean-François, Cerdan, Olivier, and Laignel, Benoit
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. In situ high frequency long term measurements of suspended sediment concentration in turbid estuarine system (Seine Estuary, France): Optical turbidity sensors response to suspended sediment characteristics
- Author
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Druine, Flavie, Verney, Romaric, Deloffre, Julien, Lemoine, Jean-Philippe, Chapalain, Marion, Landemaine, Valentin, and Lafite, Robert
- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
4. Lessons learnt on the impact of an unprecedented soil decontamination program in Fukushima on contaminant fluxes.
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Vandromme, Rosalie, Seiji Hayashi, Hideki Tsuji, Evrard, Olivier, Grangeon, Thomas, Landemaine, Valentin, Laceby, John Patrick, Yoshifumi Wakiyama, and Cerdan, Olivier
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SOIL remediation ,NUCLEAR power plant accidents ,NUCLEAR accidents ,NUCLEAR warfare ,NUCLEAR power plants ,PERMEATION tubes ,WATERSHEDS - Abstract
In the context of elevated concerns related to nuclear accidents and warfare, the lessons learnt from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011 are important. In particular, Japanese authorities implemented an ambitious decontamination program to reduce the air dose rate in order to facilitate the return of the local inhabitants to previously evacuated areas. This approach contrasts the strategy adopted in Chernobyl, where the most contaminated areas remain off limits. Nonetheless, the effectiveness of the Japanese decontamination strategy on the dispersion of radioactive contaminant fluxes across mountainous landscapes exposed to typhoons has not been quantified. Based on the unique combination of river monitoring and modeling in a catchment representative of the most impacted area in Japan, we demonstrate that decontamination of 16% of the catchment area resulted in a decrease of 17% of sediment-bound radioactive fluxes in rivers. Decontamination operations were therefore relatively effective, although they could only be conducted in a small part of the area due to the dominance of steep forested slopes. In fact, 67% of the initial radiocesium contamination was calculated to remain stored in forested landscapes, which may contribute to future downstream radiocesium dispersion during erosive events. Given that only a limited proportion of the initial population had returned in 2019 (~30%), it raises the question as to whether decontaminating a small percentage of the contaminated area was worth the effort, the price, and the amount of waste generated? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Analyse coût-bénéfice du programme d'actions visant à réduire les impacts du ruissellement et de l'érosion en Haute-Normandie : évaluation des actions passées et projections futures sur le bassin versant de la Lézarde
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Patault, Edouard, Soulignac, Arnaud, Landemaine, Valentin, Ledun, Jérôme, Allard, Erwan, Fournier, Matthieu, Ouvry, Jean-François, Cerdan, Olivier, and Laignel, Benoit
- Abstract
Copyright of LHB: Hydroscience Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Simulating sediment discharge at water treatment plants under different land use scenarios using cascade modelling with an expert-based erosion-runoff model and a deep neural network.
- Author
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Patault, Edouard, Landemaine, Valentin, Ledun, Jérôme, Soulignac, Arnaud, Fournier, Matthieu, Ouvry, Jean-François, Cerdan, Olivier, and Laignel, Benoit
- Subjects
ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,LAND use ,WATER treatment plants ,HYDROGEOLOGY ,LAND use planning ,GEOGRAPHIC information systems ,SEDIMENTS ,GRASSLAND soils - Abstract
Excessive sediment discharge in karstic regions can be highly disruptive to water treatment plants. It is essential for catchment stakeholders and drinking water suppliers to limit the impact of high sediment loads on potable water supply, but their strategic choices must be based on simulations integrating surface and groundwater transfers and taking into account possible changes in land use. Karstic environments are particularly challenging as they face a lack of accurate physical descriptions for the modelling process, and they can be particularly complex to predict due to the non-linearity of the processes generating sediment discharge. The aim of the study was to assess the sediment discharge variability at a water treatment plant according to multiple realistic land use scenarios. To reach that goal, we developed a new cascade modelling approach with an erosion-runoff geographic information system (GIS) model (WaterSed) and a deep neural network. The model was used in the Radicatel hydrogeological catchment (106 km 2 in Normandy, France), where karstic spring water is extracted to a water treatment plant. The sediment discharge was simulated for five design storms under current land use and compared to four land use scenarios (baseline, ploughing up of grassland, eco-engineering, best farming practices, and coupling of eco-engineering/best farming practices). Daily rainfall time series and WaterSed modelling outputs extracted at connected sinkholes (positive dye tracing) were used as input data for the deep neural network model. The model structure was found by a classical trial-and-error procedure, and the model was trained on 2 significant hydrologic years. Evaluation on a test set showed a good performance of the model (NSE = 0.82), and the application of a monthly backward-chaining nested cross-validation revealed that the model is able to generalize on new datasets. Simulations made for the four land use scenarios suggested that ploughing up 33 % of grasslands would increase sediment discharge at the water treatment plant by 5 % on average. By contrast, eco-engineering and best farming practices will significantly reduce sediment discharge at the water treatment plant (respectively in the ranges of 10 %–44 % and 24 %–61 %). The coupling of these two strategies is the most efficient since it affects the hydro-sedimentary production and transfer processes (decreasing sediment discharge from 40 % to 80 %). The cascade modelling approach developed in this study offers interesting opportunities for sediment discharge prediction at karstic springs or water treatment plants under multiple land use scenarios. It also provides robust decision-making tools for land use planning and drinking water suppliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Spatial and temporal dynamics of soil erosion across different landscapes
- Author
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Cerdan, Olivier, Landemaine, Valentin, Foucher, Anthony, Evrard, Olivier, Grangeon, Thomas, Vandromme, Rosalie, Salvador-Blanes, Sebastien, Pak, Lai-Ting, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Francois Rabelais [Tours], Association Régionale pour l'Etude et l'Amélioration des Sols (AREAS), Université de Tours (UT), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2018
8. Tracing the sources and dynamics of contaminated sediment in coastal rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive fallout plume using gamma-emitting radionuclides and carbon/nitrogen stable isotopes (2011-2017)
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Evrard, O., Laceby, J. Patrick, Onda, Yuichi, Hayashi, Seiji, Tsuji, Hideki, Huon, Sylvain, Lefèvre, Irène, Jaegler, Hugo, Landemaine, Valentin, Vandromme, Rosalie, Cerdan, Olivier, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Alberta Environment and Parks (AEP), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, National Institute for Environmental Science [Fukushima], Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), ANR-11-RSNR-0002,AMORAD,AMORAD1(2011), ANR-11-JAPN-0001,TOFU,Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima(2011), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evrard, Olivier, AMORAD1 - - AMORAD2011 - ANR-11-RSNR-0002 - RSNR - VALID, and Great Tohoku Earthquake - Traçage des conséquences environnementales du tsunami provoqué par le séisme de TOhoku et de l'accident de FUkushima - - TOFU2011 - ANR-11-JAPN-0001 - JAPON - VALID
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; Fieldwork was conducted every 6 months between 2011 and 2017 to monitor the dispersion of sediment contaminated with radionuclides in rivers draining the main Fukushima radioactive pollution plume (~500 km²). Fine sediment was systematically collected at the same locations (n=47) and analysed for gamma-emitting radionuclides (including 137Cs and 110mAg). A selection of samples was also analysed for carbon/nitrogen concentrations and isotopes. Organic matter analyses showed that paddy fields provided the main source of contaminated sediment to the rivers shortly after the accident. The spatial variations of the 110mAg:137Cs activity ratio in soils were used to demonstrate the very rapid export of sediment to the Pacific Ocean. However, this tool could only be used during the first campaigns, because of the quick decay of 110mAg. Overall, radiocesium concentrations measured in sediment deposits decreased by ~90% between 2011 and 2017. This may be explained by remediation works, by a massive export of material during typhoons and by the occurrence of landslides or channel bank erosion that supply material sheltered from the Fukushima fallout to the river network. Consequently, 6 years after the accident, most of the residual radioactive contamination is found in forests and in dam reservoirs. The analysis of sediment cores collected in a reservoir confirmed the significant storage of contaminated material in these lakes and that paddy fields provided their main source. Ongoing research focuses on the development of a soil erosion model and on the quantification of the impact of remediation works.
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- 2018
9. Predicting Sediment Discharge at Water Treatment Plant Under Different Land Use Scenarios Coupling Expert-Based GIS Model and Deep Neural Network.
- Author
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Patault, Edouard, Landemaine, Valentin, Ledun, Jérôme, Soulignac, Arnaud, Fournier, Matthieu, Ouvry, Jean-François, Cerdan, Olivier, and Laignel, Benoit
- Abstract
Excessive sediment discharge at karstic springs and thus, water treatment plants, can be highly disruptive. It is essential for catchment stakeholders and drinking water supplier to reduce the impact of sediment on potable water supply, but their strategic choices must be based on simulations, integrating surface and groundwater transfers, and taking into account possible changes in land use. Karstic environments are particularly challenging as they face a lack of accurate physical description for the modelling process, and they can be seen as a black-box due to the non-linearity of the processes generating sediment discharge. The aim of the study was to assess the sediment discharge variability at a water treatment plant according to multiple realistic land use scenarios. To reach that goal, we developed a new coupled modelling approach with an erosion-runoff GIS model (WaterSed) and a deep neural network. The model was used in the Radicatel catchment (106 km
2 in Normandy, France) where karstic spring water is extracted to a water treatment plant. The sediment discharge was simulated for five designed storm projects under current land use and compared to three land use scenarios (baseline, ploughing up of grassland, eco-engineering, best farming practices). Daily rainfall time series and WaterSed modelling outputs extracted at connected sinkholes were used as input data for the deep neural network model. The model structure was found by a classical trial and error procedure, and the model was trained on two significant hydrologic years. Evaluation on a test set showed a good performance of the model (NSE = 0.82), and the application of a monthly-backward chaining nested cross validation revealed that the model is able to generalize on new datasets. Simulations made for the three land use scenarios suggested that ploughing up 33 % of grasslands would not increase significantly sediment discharge at the water treatment plant (5 % in average). In the opposite, eco-engineering and best farming practices will significantly reduce sediment discharge at the water treatment plant (respectively in the range of 10-44 and 24-61 %). The coupling of these two strategies is the most efficient since it affects the hydro-sedimentary production and transfer processes (decreasing sediment discharge from 40 to 80 %). The coupled modelling approach developed in this study offers interesting opportunities for sediment discharge prediction at karstic springs or water treatment plant under multiple land use scenarios. It also provides robust decision-making tools for land use planning and drinking water suppliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Contribution of bank erosion to the sediment budget of a drained agricultural lowland catchment
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Cerdan, Olivier, Foucher, Anthony, Vandromme, Rosalie, Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien, Gay, Aurore, Landemaine, Valentin, Evrard, O., Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Cerdan, Olivier, Université de Tours, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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" ,[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,sediment ,bank erosion ,[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study ,[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment ,[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment - Abstract
International audience; Following the shift towards more intensive agriculture in cultivated lowlands in Europe, field sizes have increased and stream valley meanderings have been removed and realigned along new straight field borders. These modifications have led to profound alterations of the hydromorphology of the streams. To test the impact of these modifications, the long-term and current volumes of sediment originating from stream banks were calculated as they provided potential sources of sediment in a large pond located at the outlet of a small agricultural lowland basin under strong anthropogenic pressure. Bank erosion was measured using several methodologies, i) over a short period using a set of erosion pins along a small stream (1400 m long) to quantify the material exported during a single winter season (2012/2013); ii) over the last 69 years using an original approach involving the comparison of a compilation of three-dimensional historical stream redesign plans from 1944 vs. new measurements conducted in 2013 (DGPS and LiDAR data); iii) over several decades by using tracers (137Cs) that can differentiate between surface and subsoil erosion. At the catchment scale, total sediment exports were estimated from 1945 to 2013 combining seismic imagery and core dating in the lake. Sediment exports decreased with time, from 300 t. km–2.yr–between 1954 and 1980 to 95 t. km–2.yr–1 between 1980 and 2013. Today, erosion rates recorded at the outlet of the catchment vary between 90–102 t.km–2.yr–1. Therefore, the order of magnitude of the mean export rate is approximately 180 t. km–2.yr–1 for the last 70 years.The contribution of channel banks to this sediment export was the highest (~30%) between 1954 and 1980 when the ditches were constructed. For the entire period since the landscape modification, the contribution of bank erosion is lower but still reaches 20%. Bank erosion can therefore be considered as a significant contributor to the sediment budget of the lowland catchments that have been redesigned after the 2nd world war in Western Europe.
- Published
- 2017
11. Connectivity and scale effect on sediment fluxes dynamic from the hillslope to the river basin
- Author
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Cerdan, Olivier, Landemaine, Valentin, Vandromme, Rosalie, Gay, Aurore, Laignel, Benoît, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), AMORAD, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)
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sediment ,connectivity ,river ,[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology ,hillslope - Abstract
International audience; The phenomena of erosion and sediment transport are often observed with a time lag and / or space within a watershed, especially between the upstream and downstream areas. This difference between runoff and erosion assessments that depends on the size of observation is commonly called the "scale effect". This effect has often been studied globally and reduced runoff and erosion rates are generally reported as one moves from the local to the regional level.To quantify the scale effect, local erosion models are often linked to the empirical concept of SDR (Sediment Delivery Ratio): the ratio of exported sediment at the outlet of a drainage system on the gross erosion that occurred locally. This empirical parameter is used as a connectivity factor to estimate the contribution of net soil losses to sedimentary basins exports. A recent renewed interest on these topics has led the development of more or less elaborate variants that propose a conceptualization of the (es) connectivity (s) of the landscape to describe the sedimentary flows within watersheds.In general, these concepts allow apprehending the spatial variability of flow in heterogeneous environments and for events / climates not too extreme. Their use is more difficult when the flows are constrained by the production process. A limit also appears when trying to cover too large a range of spatial scales, because beyond a spatial succession of (re) detachment and deposition processes a new nature of process can emerge. We will rely on several measured database of erosion / sediment transport at different scales and in diverse geomorphological contexts to illustrate and discuss the relevance of these concepts.
- Published
- 2016
12. Role of river bank erosion in sediment budgets of catchments within the Loire river basin
- Author
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Gay, Aurore, Cerdan, Olivier, Poisvert, Cécile, Landemaine, Valentin, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, and Gay, Aurore
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,sediment budgets ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,vegetated banks ,flow discharge - Abstract
Quantifying volumes of sediments produced on hillslopes or in channels and transported or stored within river systems is necessary to establish sediment budgets. If research efforts on hillslope erosion processes have led to a relatively good understanding and quantification of local sources, in-channel processes remain poorly understood and quasi inexistent in global budgets. However, profound landuse changes and agricultural practices have altered river functioning, caused river bank instability and stream incision. During the past decades in France, river channelization has been perfomed extensively to allow for new agricultural practices to take place. Starting from a recent study on the quantification of sediment fluxes for catchments within the Loire river basin (Gay et al. 2013), our aim is to complete sediment budgets by taking into account various sources and sinks both on hillslope and within channel. The emphasis of this study is on river bank erosion and how bank erosion contributes to global budgets. A model of bank retreat is developed for the entire Loire river basin. In general, our results show that bank retreat is on average quite low with approximately 1 cm.yr-1. However, a strong variability exists within the study area with channels displaying values of bank retreat up to ~10 cm.yr-1. Our results corroborate those found by Landemaine et al. 2013 on a small agricultural catchment. From this first step, quantification of volumes of sediment eroded from banks and available for transport should be calculated and integrated in sediment budgets to allow for a better understanding of basin functioning
- Published
- 2014
13. Estimating of suspended sediment loads of rivers in the Seine downstream basin and coastal rivers in Southeastern Channel
- Author
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Landemaine, Valentin, Cerdan, Olivier, Laignel, Benoît, Fournier, Matthieu, Copard, Yoann, Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)
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[SDU.STU.GM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology - Abstract
Sediment exports in rivers constitute the essential of materials transfer from the land surface to the ocean and contribute significantly to the transfer of nutrients, pesticides, heavy metals which can affect water quality. Such problems of water pollution are particularly present at the Norman loess plateaus because soil erosion is a frequent phenomena and mudslides are common. In this context, the quantification of sediment load, as well as the short and long term variability analysis are a key component for any sustainable management project of water resources. The quantification of sediment fluxes is based on turbidity, suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) and discharge measurements. These measurements must be made with sufficient high frequency for integrating temporal variability of SSC and flows. However, the cost of a high frequency monitoring limits their use at large scale. In France, discharges are monitored using daily frequency (Banque Hydro), while SSC are measured in monthly or bimonthly frequency under the national water quality survey system (RNB). With these low frequency measurements, an algorithm must be used to reconstruct SSC temporal variability and to estimate a sediment flux. Many estimation algorithms have been developed in recent decades, from the simplest to the most elaborate, but no consensus has been reached on the use of a particular algorithm because of the complexity of SSC-discharge relationship. In this study, the analysis focuses on eight Channel coastal watersheds and nine Seine watersheds in the downstream part. We have a several years of high-frequency measurements on nine watersheds with highly variable area (10 km2 to 10,000 km2) and low-frequency measurements for all watersheds. From these data, we compared the statistical performance of eleven algorithms to estimate sediment fluxes conventionally used in the literature. These algorithms are: averaging estimator, ratio estimator, linear interpolation, rating curve and multi sediment rating curve (MRC). From the results, the MRC algorithm had the best performance in terms of bias and precision between real and estimated sediment loads. This algorithm has been used to determine the sediment loads of all watersheds. On the Seine downstream basin, sediment fluxes from tributaries range from 171,000 t/year to 945,000 t/year depending on the year. This represents between 3% and 9% of sediment fluxes passing into the Seine. Finally, the long term variability analysis showed a high variability from year to year depending on climatic conditions. This study suggests the need to investigate fluxes over several years, to extract representative orders of magnitude and to quantify uncertainties.
- Published
- 2014
14. Les observatoires du ruissellement : comprendre les processus pour améliorer les modélisations.
- Author
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Grangeon, Thomas, Cerdan, Olivier, Landemaine, Valentin, Vandromme, Rosalie, Desprats, Jean-François, Salvador-Blanes, Sebastien, Vanhooydonck, Pierre, Gaillot, Arthur, Maniere, Louis, Pene-Galland, Isabelle, Evrard, Olivier, Foucher, Anthony, Ledieu, Lauriane, Simonneau, Anaëlle, Ouvry, Jean-François, and Pak, Lai Ting
- Subjects
RUNOFF models ,SOIL classification ,SOIL moisture ,SURFACE states ,RUNOFF - Abstract
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- Published
- 2020
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15. Morphological evolution of a rural headwater stream after channelisation.
- Author
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Landemaine, Valentin, Gay, Aurore, Cerdan, Olivier, Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien, and Rodrigues, Stéphane
- Subjects
- *
GEOMORPHOLOGY , *STREAM channelization , *HYDRAULIC engineering , *SEDIMENT transport , *REGULATION of rivers , *WATERSHEDS - Abstract
In recent decades, stream valleys have been profoundly modified by the construction of weirs and dams and by channelisation. Channelisation modifies the morphology of streams and induces changes in their energy regime and sediment transport capacity. These types of changes in the channel morphology have to be quantified to allow the implementation of management strategies to regulate sediment transfer. However, studies over an entire stream using historical comparisons remain scarce, and the associated uncertainties have not yet been resolved. In this study, the sedimentary response to channelisation on a medium time scale (42 years) of a French river known as the Ligoire is investigated. This river is the main channel of a small rural headwater catchment that has been channelised over 21 km. We have used the historical cross sections before and after channelisation and the current ones, and the objectives of this study were as follows: (1) to develop a methodology of cross section superposition and the associated uncertainties; (2) to quantify the erosion and aggradation processes in the bed and on the banks along the bed profile; and (3) to calculate a sediment budget for the entire stream and determine the relative contributions of the banks and the streambed to this budget. A comparison of the cross sections before and after the channelisation shows that the morphology of the stream has been completely altered: the main channel length was reduced by 10%, the bankfull width was increased on average by 63%, and the slopes were smoothed. A total of 60,000 m 3 of sediments was excavated during the channelisation works. Our results indicate that erosion is the dominant process: over 63% of its length, the streambed was incised by 0.41 m on average; and over 60% of its length, the banks were eroded by 0.20 m on average. The successive patterns of erosion and deposition along the stream are the result of the cumulative effects of channelisation and of the presence of weirs and artificial knickpoints in the Ligoire channel. The vertical uncertainty of the elevation of the historical cross section is an important parameter for controlling the areas and sediment budget values. Using Monte Carlo methods, we found that 1000 sediment budgets from different profile shiftings are necessary to obtain a variation coefficient below 0.1%. The overall mean stream sediment budget for the period 1970–2012 is -9358 ± 412 m 3 , with 66% originating from the banks and 34% from the streambed. Relative to the Ligoire watershed surface, the stream sediment yield is 2.71 ± 0.12 m 3 .km − 2 .y − 1 . The approach developed in this study is easily replicable and relatively cheap and provides an integrated quantified, overview of the morphological adjustments after channelisation works on a stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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16. The scale dependency of erosion and runoff for two agricultural catchments in the Western Paris Basin, France.
- Author
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Cerdan, Olivier, Landemaine, Valentin, Laignel, Benoit, Evrard, Olivier, Salavador-Blanes, Sébastien, Grangeon, Thomas, Vandromme, Rosalie, and Laceby, Patrick
- Subjects
- *
AGRICULTURAL pollution , *SOIL erosion , *EROSION , *GEOMORPHOLOGY , *WATERSHEDS , *SOIL depth , *SOIL topography - Abstract
A major challenge in geomorphology is reconciling the disparity between runoff coefficients and erosion rates from the field to the catchment scale. In the European loess belt, a decrease of runoff coefficients and erosion rates occurs with increasing spatial scales. Indeed, it is important to understand the scale dependency of run-off and erosion to manage the off-site impacts of accelerated soil erosion. Accordingly, a continuous simulation of the scale dependency of runoff and erosion, from the field scale to the catchment scale (100 – 1000 km²) was conducted with the Water and Sediment (WaterSed) model for two catchments (Andelle-756 km², and Austreberthe-214 km²) over 12 years (>1000 events). Scale effects were evident with a 100-fold decrease in runoff coefficients and sediment delivery ratios between the field scale and the catchment scale. In spite of a low variability of the annual rainfall (19%), the inter-annual variability of the runoff volume (37%) and erosion rates (92%) at catchment outlets were high. The inter-annual variability of runoff and erosion was closely linked to the number of extreme events per year and their distribution through the year, in particular during periods with highly crusted soil surface states. For these high magnitude events, a complex distributed modelling approach was not necessary as the ability of the soil surface and of the landscape to retain overland flows are largely exceeded. The seasonality of soil surface characteristics also affected the scale dependency of runoff and erosion, from the field scale to the catchment scale. However, this is only observed up to a certain spatial extent, i.e. where hillslope erosion processes are governed by hortonian overland flow. When saturation flows are generated, topography and soil depth become the dominant factors. Understanding runoff and sediment response at different scales should focus on the location and amount of runoff and sediment production within the catchment and the capacity of the downstream flow path to retain or transfer overland flow and sediment. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the need to implement model that represent both hortonian and saturation flows when simulating erosion events at the catchment scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
17. Corrigendum to “Morphological evolution of a rural headwater stream after channelisation” [Geomorphology 230 (2015) 125-137].
- Author
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Landemaine, Valentin, Gay, Aurore, Cerdan, Olivier, Salvador-Blanes, Sébastien, and Rodrigues, Stéphane
- Subjects
- *
GEOMORPHOLOGY , *STREAMFLOW , *STREAM channelization , *HYDRAULIC engineering , *RIVER sediments - Published
- 2015
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18. Uncontrolled deforestation and population growth threaten a tropical island's water and land resources in only 10 years.
- Author
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Foucher A, Evrard O, Rabiet L, Cerdan O, Landemaine V, Bizeul R, Chalaux-Clergue T, Marescaux J, Debortoli N, Ambroise V, and Desprats JF
- Subjects
- Tropical Climate, Biodiversity, Humans, Madagascar, Comoros epidemiology, Agriculture methods, Ecosystem, Conservation of Natural Resources, Population Growth, Islands
- Abstract
Rapid demographic growth in tropical islands can exacerbate conflicts and pressures on natural resources, as illustrated by the French island of Mayotte where resources are limited. In only 10 years, uncontrolled migration and population growth (+80% of population between 2002 and 2021) have led to a pronounced 3600% increase in deforestation rates (2010-2014) and an intensification of agricultural practices, escalating conflicts over limited land, water, and biodiversity resources. Implementing an original multi-proxy approach to sediment cores, our study reveals a staggering 300% acceleration in erosion during the first wave of migration (2011-2015), followed by a further 190% increase (2019-2021) under sustained migratory and demographic pressures. Sedimentary DNA analysis provided insights into increased connectivity and community changes. By 2050, the population of this region will increase by 74 and 103%, in Comoros and Madagascar islands, respectively. Urgent conservation measures are needed to avoid major socio-environmental crises and to protect resources for future generations.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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