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We review the modern state of cellular automata (CA) applications for solving practical problems in chemistry and chemical technology. We consider the problems of material structure modeling and prediction of materials' morphology-dependent properties. We review the use of the CA approach for modeling diffusion, crystallization, dissolution, erosion, corrosion, adsorption, and hydration processes. We also consider examples of hybrid CA-based models, which are combinations of various CA with other computational approaches and modeling methods. Finally, we discuss the use of high-performance parallel computing to increase the efficiency of CA.

Interaction processes in Al/Ni/.../Al/Ni multilayer systems with an excess of one of the components are studied by of DSC, XRD and TEM methods. It is shown that the compounds formation sequence differs depending on which component is excessive. There is proposed a rule for compounds formation sequence in systems with an excess of one of the initial phases. It is based on the assumption that behaviour of two contacting solid phases system is analogical to that of a gas system: energy density change in a solid-state system is analogical to pressure change in gas system. The prediction is built on the calculation of parameter Δ H 0 /ν V , where Δ H 0 and ν V are enthalpy change and volume of new phase forming as a result of the reaction.

A cytophotometric study of DNA content in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum of rats, cats, chicken and humans (Feulgen staining) revealed that in a certain number of cells the amount of NDA ranged between the diploid and tetraploid level (H2C cells). The incidence of H2C Purkinje cells varied among the species studied. In rats, which were studied most thoroughly, these cells amounted on average to 3%. In some rats, as well as in some cats and chickens H2C Purkinje cells were entirely absent. In the group of animals possesing H2C Purkinje cells, great interindividual differences were observed. In rats for instance, the incidence of these cells varied from 1 to 23 per cent. Topographic analyses carried out in rat and human cerebellum revealed that H2C Purkinje cells occurred more frequently in the hemispheres than in the vermis. No significant differences were found in the number of H2C Purkinje cells in healthy and Kilham-DNA-virus infected rats. Densitometric analysis of the distribution of nuclear chromatin showed that H2C Purkinje cells were richer in condensed chromatin, especially in the region of the nucleolus, which apparently contains the hyperploid surplus of DNA. It is proposed that the phenomenon of DNA hyperdiploidy arises as a result of either incomplete S-phase in some immature Purkinje cell precursors or the amplification of some DNA sequences particularly those localized in the nucleolar region.

Comparison was made of the rate of in vivo elimination from blood and organs of cattle of lymphocytes labeled with 3H-thymidine in the course of seven days in the norm and during lymphatic leukemia. Significant delay in the elimination of labeled lymphocytes, and especially of lymphocyte precursors, from the blood, spleen, and lymph glands of the animal was established in the stage of lymphatic leukemia that was examined.