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Next-generation, high-performance storage ring light sources based on multibend achromat optics will require on-axis injection because of the extremely small dynamic aperture. Injectors will need to supply full-current bunch replacement in the ring with high single-bunch charge for swap-out. For upgrades of existing light sources, such as the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U), it is economical to retain the existing injector infrastructure and make appropriate improvements. The challenges to these improvements include achieving high single-bunch charge in the presence of instabilities, beam loading, charge stability and reliability. In this paper, we discuss the rationale for the injector upgrades chosen for APS-U, as well as backup and potential alternate schemes. To date, we have achieved single-bunch charge from the injectors that doubles the original design value, and have a goal to achieve about three times the original design value., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

The APS-U 6-GeV MBA storage ring will have 42 pm beam emittance and relatively tight acceptance. This requires limiting the beam emittance out of the Booster synchrotron which is achieved by operating the Booster off-momentum, thus manipulating the damping partitions. However, the much higher charge for the APS-U strongly favors injecting on momentum into the Booster for maximum acceptance. An rf-frequency ramping scheme is proposed to allow injecting on momentum and then moving the beam off momentum. The ramp is adjusted from cycle to cycle to vary the total time taken by the beam from injection to extraction, thus aligning the Booster bunch with any chosen MBA storage ring bucket. The two rf systems will not be locked at any time of the cycle. The proposed scheme is compatible with the existing synchronization of the APS injector cycle to the 60-Hz line voltage which induces a variation in the start time of the acceleration cycle. The scheme removes the need to realign the Booster ring for total path length while optimizing its operation for high charge acceleration. A ferrite tuner is being considered for dynamic tuning of the rf cavities., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

The Advanced Photon Source is developing its next major upgrade (APS-U) based on the multi-bend achromat lattice. Improved beam stability is critical for this upgrade and will require keeping short-time beam angle change below 0.25 μrad and long-term angle drift below 0.5 micro-radian. A reliable white x-ray beam diagnostic system in the front end is a key part of the planned beam stabilization system for the APS-U. This system includes an x-ray beam position monitor (XBPM) based on x-ray fluorescence (XRF) from two specially designed GlidCop A-15 absorbers, a second XBPM using XRF photons from the Exit Mask, and two white beam intensity monitors using XRF from the photon shutter and Compton-scattered photons from the front end beryllium window. We present orbit stability data for the first XBPM used in the feedback control during user operations, as well as test data from the second XBPM and the intensity monitors. The data demonstrated that the XBPM system meets the APS-U beam stability requirements., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Beam Instrumentation Conf., IBIC2016, Barcelona, Spain

The APS multi-bend achromatic (MBA) upgrade storage ring plans to support two bunch fill patterns: a 48-bunch and a 324-bunch. A "swap out" injection scheme is required. In order provide the required kick to injected beam, to minimize the beam loss and residual oscillation of injected beam, and to minimize the perturbation to stored beam during injection, the rise, fall, and flat-top parts of the kicker pulse must be within a 16.9-ns interval. Stripling-type kickers are chosen for both injection and extraction. We developed a prototype kicker that supports a ±15kV differential pulse voltage. We performed high voltage discharge, TDR measurement, high voltage pulse test and beam test of the kicker. We report the design of the fast kicker and the test results., Proceedings of the North American Particle Accelerator Conf., NAPAC2016, Chicago, IL, USA

The new orbit feedback system required for the APS multi-bend acromat (MBA) ring must meet challenging beam stability requirements. The AC stability requirement is to correct rms beam motion to 10 \% the rms beam size at the insertion device source points from 0.01 to 1000 Hz. The vertical plane represents the biggest challenge for AC stability which is required to be 400 nm rms for a 4 micron vertical beam size. In addition long term drift over a period of 7 days is required to be 1 micron or less at insertion device BPMs and 2 microns for arc bpms. We present test results of the MBA prototype orbit feedback controller (FBC) in the APS storage ring. In this test, four insertion device BPMs were configured to send data to the FBC for processing into four fast corrector setpoints. The configuration of four bpms and four fast correctors creates a 4-bump and the configuration of fast correctors is similar to what will be implemented in the MBA ring. We report on performance benefits of increasing the sampling rate by a factor of 15 to 22.6 kHz over the existing APS orbit feedback system, limitations due to existing storage ring hardware and MBA orbit feedback design., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Beam Instrumentation Conf., IBIC2016, Barcelona, Spain

The APS multi-bend achromat (MBA) upgrade storage ring will support two bunch fill patterns: a 48-singlets and a 324-singlets. A “swap out” injection scheme is adopted. In order to minimize the beam loss and residual oscillation of injected beam and to minimize the perturbation of stored beam during a swap-on injection, the rise, fall, and flat-top parts of the kicker pulse must be held within a 22.8-ns interval. Traditional ferrite-core-type kickers can’t meet the timing requirements; therefore, we decided to use stripline-type kickers. We have completed a preliminary design of a prototype kicker geometry. Procurement of the pulser supply and other components of an evaluation system is under way. We report the specification and design of the fast kicker and current status., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

Beam diagnostics required for the APS MBA are driven by ambitious beam stability requirements. The major AC stability challenge is to correct rms beam motion to 10% the rms beam size at the insertion device source points from 0.01 to 1000 Hz. The vertical plane represents the biggest challenge for AC stability which is required to be 400 nm rms for a 4 micron vertical beam size. Long term drift over a period of 7 days is required to be 1 micron or less. Major diagnostics R&D components are improved rf beam position processing using commercially available fpga based bpm processors, new XRay beam position monitors sensitive only to hard X-rays, mechanical motion sensing and remediation to detect and correct long term drift and a new feedback system featuring a tenfold increase in sampling rate and a several-fold increase in the number of fast correctors and bpms. Feedback system development represents a major effort and we are pursuing development of a novel algorithm that integrates orbit correction for both slow and fast correctors down to DC simultaneously. Finally a new data acquisition system (DAQ) is being developed to acquire streaming data from all diagnostics., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

The MBA upgrade for the APS will operate with bunch swap out and on axis injection. The planned 324 bunch fill pattern places difficult demands on the injection and extraction kickers. The present concept uses dual stripline kickers driven by high Voltage pulsers. Minimizing perturbation on adjacent bunches requires very fast rise and fall times with relatively narrow ~20 nsec, 15 kV pulses. To achieve these requirements we have initiated a multifaceted R&D program. The R&D includes the HV pulser, stripline kicker and HV feedthrough. We have purchased a commercial dual channel HV pulser and are evaluating its performance and reliability. In addition, we are investigating the feasibility of using nonlinear ferrite loaded coaxial cables (shockwave transmission line) to sharpen the leading and trailing edges of high voltage pulses. We are also developing a prototype kicker and high voltage feedthrough. The requirements for injection and extraction, progress on prototype development and results of our HV pulser investigations will be reported., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

The first superconducting undulator (SCU0) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) has been delivering 80-100 keV photons for user science since January 2013. SCU0 often quenches during beam dumps triggered by the machine protection system (MPS). SCU0 typically recovers quickly after a quench, but SCU1, a second, longer device to be installed in 2015, may take longer to recover. We tested using injection kickers as an abort system to dump the beam away from SCU0 and the planned location of SCU1. An alternate trigger was tested that fires the kickers with MPS. We demonstrated that controlling the beam dump location with kickers can significantly reduce the beam losses at SCU0, as measured by fiber optic (FO) beam loss monitors (BLMs), and can also prevent a quench. A dedicated abort kicker system has been developed based on elegant simulations. A spare injection kicker was modified to produce the required waveform. Injection kicker tests, simulations, and the abort kicker design are described. Demonstration of this strategy in APS has implications for the APS Upgrade, where more SCUs are planned., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

The Advanced Photon Source (APS) is a third-generation synchrotron light source in the United States. The BPM electronics plays an important part in the beam stability control. This paper presents comparative measurements of two BPM electronics: Libera Brilliance and APS FPGA-based BSP100. Some important parameters such as beam current dependence, electronics resolution and fill pattern dependence have been measured. These measurements were carried out in the lab and in the real system. The results will be useful for deciding which BPM electronics to deploy in the APS upgrade project., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan