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Context: This article focus on teaching and learning processes in a vocational classroom in Swedish vocational education. There are few studies within the field of vocational education that have a focus on how vocational learning is done in interaction in the vocational classroom/workshop, and what vocational learning content is displayed in the interaction between teacher and student, and thus made possible to learn. This article aims to fill this gap by exploring the future-oriented movements that take shape when a vocational teacher and vocational students negotiate how a practical task could, and should, be handled and solved in vocational teaching situations in vocational plumbing school workshop settings. An increased understanding of these processes can help to improve the actual teaching of a specific subject content to support students in their vocational learning, aiming for learning a professional trade.Methods: The data consists of video recorded lessons from the Sanitary, Heating and Property Maintenance Programme in Swedish upper secondary school. Through concrete empirical examples from video recorded lessons the article explores the interaction between teachers and students in vocational school workshop settings using CAVTA. CAVTA is based on Conversation Analysis (CA) and Variation Theory (VT) and is a theoretical and methodological framework that can be used together and integrated to reach understanding of both how- and what-aspects of the learning process in practice, when analysing teaching and interaction.Findings: Findings shows how aspects concerning a specific vocational learning content that revolves around a vocational practical doing compete for the space with a vocational learning content of a more general nature. These general objects of learning are also related to work-specific vocational learning and knowledge in relation to the future profession, but on a more general level than the task specific vocational knowledge. Altogether, this illuminates how different layers of work-specific vocational learning are made visible in the interaction, and how they mutually contextualise each other in the here and now.Conclusion: This article illustrates that the specific and the general vocational learning content can complement each other and open up for a more in-depth vocational learning. In conclusion, this article emphasises the importance for vocational teachers to develop teaching strategies to navigate between helping the students in their problem solving here and now, and contextualising the specific vocational learning content and making vocational learning relevant for future vocational occupation and working life.

Following international trends to reform school management, the Chinese government has proposed school-based decision-making as a measure to raise the “quality” of education, but at the same time it has imposed new institutions of accountability for teachers and school administrators. In order to understand how this inter-play between accountability and discretion affects Chinese educational reforms, this paper analyses policy implementation through the lens of decision-making by principals and teachers as street-level bureaucrats. In the case of minority-language education in Xishuangbanna, a subject where institutions provide comparatively large spaces for discretionary decisions, I argue that the current institutions on accountability in minority-language education in China trigger processes by which implementers must interpret vague institutions in order to make decisions for their classroom. These purposefully wide spaces of “interpretational discretion” enable the party-state to make good on its promise to support local diversity, without threatening its own authority to prescribe educational goals. (author's abstract)

The author looks at learning (formal, non-formal and informal) and examines the hidden world of informal (unconscious, unplanned) learning. He points out the importance of informal learning for creating tacit attitudes and values, knowledge and skills which influence (conscious, planned) learning - formal and non-formal. Moreover, he explores the implications of informal learning for educational planners and teachers in the context of lifelong learning. While mainly aimed at adult educators, the book's arguments apply also to schooling and higher education, in both industrialised societies and developing countries where large numbers of children and adults are not and have not been in school and so rely on informal learning to manage change. (DIPF/Verlag)

Journal for educational research online 6 (2014) 1, S. 124-138, Private tutoring is an increasingly important topic in educational research. To advance our understanding of private tutoring, this special issue brings together empirical work on important aspects of this multifaceted phenomenon. This article begins with a discussion of conceptual, methodological, and practical differences between the four studies in this special issue (Brehm & Silova, 2014; Guill & Bos, 2014; Ireson & Rushforth, 2014; Lambert & Spinath, 2014). Then, a summary of the most important findings obtained in the four studies sheds light on three different facets of private tutoring, namely on conditions, processes, and effects. The conclusion addresses some directions for future research on private tutoring, including the conceptual clarification of the construct of private tutoring, the examination of factors that make private tutoring effective, and the comparison of private tutoring with other forms of instructional support. (DIPF/Orig.), Nachhilfe ist ein zunehmend wichtiges Thema in der pädagogischen Forschung. Das vorliegende Themenheft stellt empirische Arbeiten vor, die sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten von Nachhilfe befassen und dadurch zu einem besseren Verständnis über dieses facettenreiche Phänomen beitragen. Dieser Artikel beginnt mit einer Diskussion von konzeptuellen, methodologischen und praktischen Unterschieden zwischen den vier Studien des Themenhefts (Brehm & Silova, 2014; Guill & Bos, 2014; Ireson & Rushforth, 2014; Lambert & Spinath, 2014). Dann folgt eine Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Ergebnisse der vier Studien. Hierzu werden drei unterschiedliche Facetten der Nachhilfe, nämlich Bedingungen, Prozesse und Effekte, beleuchtet. Schließlich werden einige Richtungen für zukünftige Forschung dargestellt, die sich auf die konzeptuelle Klärung des Konstrukts der Nachhilfe, auf die Untersuchung von Faktoren, die Nachhilfe wirksam machen, und auf den Vergleich von Nachhilfe mit anderen Formen instruktionaler Unterstützung beziehen. (DIPF/Orig.)

This thesis explores how a mathematician can create content which lets students learn via ActiveMath. This software runs on the web, and employs semantics mathematical technologies and artificial intelligence to support the student. The thesis describes not only a tool to edit content but also studies the workflows of authors when creating content. An important authoring paradigm introduced here is called WYCIWYG -- What You Check is What You Get. This places the target learning environment as the central concern. Indeed, the learning environment, which is the assembly of content and software, represents the final product of the authoring work. This thesis exploits and develops classical paradigms: copy-and-paste, search, and collaborative authoring. To support the authoring workflows, several software pieces have been implemented and tested: within an editing tool and the ActiveMath software. The following work describes their usages, their technical facets, and case studies of how current authors have used them in their day-to-day activities. In dieser Dissertation untersuchen wir Möglichkeiten, die einem Mathematiker zur Verfügung stehen, um Lerninhalte für ActiveMath zu gestalten. Diese intelligent-adaptive Lernumgebung nutzt semantisch-mathematische Technologien und Methoden der künstliche Intelligenz, um den Lernenden zu unterstützen. Diese Dissertation beschreibt nicht nur ein Werkzeug zur Bearbeitung des Inhaltes, sondern auch typische Abläufe und Prozesse bei der Inhaltsgestaltung. Ein wichtiges Paradigma für die Autorierung nennt sich WYCIWYG (für What You Check is What You Get: Was Sie prüfen, ist [das,] was Sie erhalten). Es rückt die Lernumgebung in den Mittelpunkt, denn letztlich ist diese als Zusammenspiel der Software und der erstellten Inhalte das Endprodukt, mit dem der Lernende arbeitet. Kopieren und Einfügen, Suche sowie kollaboratives Autorieren sind andere klassische Paradigmen, die in dieser Arbeit aufgegriffen und weiterentwickelt werden. Zur Unterstützung des Autorierungsprozesses wurden mehrere Programme, sowohl in der Lernumgebung ActiveMath als auch in einem Texteditor, entwickelt und getestet. Diese Doktorarbeit beschreibt deren Gebrauch, technische Aspekte, sowie Fallstudien von Autoren, die sie in ihrer täglichen Arbeit verwendet haben.

Klieme, Eckhard [Hrsg.]; Leutner, Detlev [Hrsg.]; Kenk, Martina [Hrsg.]: Kompetenzmodellierung. Zwischenbilanz des DFG-Schwerpunktprogramms und Perspektiven des Forschungsansatzes. Weinheim ; Basel : Beltz 2010, S. 12-27. - (Zeitschrift für Pädagogik, Beiheft; 56), In this paper the author outlines a framework for interpreting the concept of competence. In so doing he offers a systematic way for comparing educational standards, curricula and assessment practices that will help us to better identify the goals of learning and design curricula. (DIPF/Orig.), In [diesem] Beitrag untersucht der Autor grundlegende Fragen der Kompetenzmodellierung und der Kompetenzmessung, indem er Bildungsziele, Curricula und Assessment-Ansätze vor dem Hintergrund eines umfassenden Rahmenmodells zueinander in Beziehung setzt. (DIPF/Orig.)

ZEP : Zeitschrift für internationale Bildungsforschung und Entwicklungspädagogik 28 (2005) 2, S. 26-28, The article focuses the challenges for school-learning because of world-complexity. It's a plead for multi-perspective and non-reductionist learning arrangements of Global Citizenship Education and Education for Sustainable Development, arguing from a perspective of an affirmative and reconstructive postmodernism; offered by teachers as gatekeepers or facilitators within three contexts, presenting life-chances - scale, meaning and feeling, politics and economy. (DIPF/Orig.), Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit Herausforderungen schulischen Lernens angesichts von Weltkomplexität. Aus der Perspektive eines bejahenden, rekonstruktiven Postmodernismus wird für multiperspektivische und nicht-reduktionistische Lernangebote der Global Citizenship Education und der Education for Sustainable Development plädiert; angeboten von Lehrkräften als 'gatekeeper' bzw. 'facilitator' innerhalb dreier, Lebenschancen offerierender Kontexte - Raum, Meinung und Gefühl, Politik und Ökonomie. (DIPF/Orig.)