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Various types of metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and their structural parameters have been reviewed and their classification has been presented. Most widely used synthesis methods and approaches for MOF and composites on their basis have been discussed. MOF structure is a regular 3D lattice formed by organic linkers and metallic clusters. It has been shown for an example of literary data on MOF synthesis and structural studies that the types of bonds and metals can strongly affect the spatial structure and dimensions of MOF crystals: they can have nano-, micro- and meso-dimensions, be dense or porous, bulk or layered. This variety of structural parameters determines the wide range of their properties and potential applications. Prospects and methods of controlling the shapes of the crystals, their size and spatial bonds between organic components and metal ions have been reviewed. Major attention has been paid to zeolite-like frameworks (ZIF) as the most promising ones from the viewpoint of structure, synthesis and electrochemical current source applications. Discussion has touched on possible modifications and methods of controlling the properties of those MOFs and composites on their basis and introduction of impurities, including those having magnetic properties. Possible synthesis options of complex composites through controlled MOF pyrolysis have been presented, for either small-batch or scalable processes. The effect of heat treatment conditions on the final properties and electrochemical applications of those materials has been demonstrated. ZIF-67 structured MOF doping with one more metal has been presented as variant of modifying the properties of MOF and composites on their basis. For example, the Authors have implemented cobalt MOF synthesis wherein cobalt is partially substituted for manganese at the synthesis stage. Furthermore, a simple water solution co-deposition synthesis technique has been modified with ultrasonication thus reducing the time consumption of the process. Electrochemical studies have shown that the unit electrochemical capacity of pyrolyzed MOF electrodes with partial cobalt substitution for manganese is appreciably higher as compared to the manganese-free materials. The unit capacity and energy density increase with manganese content in the MOF. MOF manganese doping delivers a considerable improvement in the electrochemical parameters of the electrode materials for hybrid supercapacitors on their basis (from 100 to 298 F/g at 0.25 A/g current density). The results suggest that cobalt substitution for manganese is an effective method of improving the electrochemical parameters of MOFs. It has been demonstrated that the development of new approaches to the design of MOF based composite materials and the study of the physicochemical regularities of their interaction with various carriers is an important task.

BackgroundAmong several treatment options for BRAF-mutant metastatic melanoma, a combination of BRAF inhibitor, MEK inhibitor, and anti-PDL1 antibody seems to be a new emergent approach recently registered in the Russian Federation. It is still not clear which patient population benefits more from this simultaneous use of three drugs instead of its sequencing.AimThis study aimed to evaluate patients’ characteristics treated in real practice in 14 Russian regions by triple combination and to analyze their outcomes depending on biomarkers (PD-L1 expression).MethodsThis was a part (cohort A1) of a prospective non-interventional study of clinical outcomes and biomarkers in patients with skin melanoma. Patients were included in cohort A1 if combination treatment with vemurafenib (vem) + cobimetinib (cobi) + atezolizumab (atezo) was initiated no earlier than 12 weeks (84 days) prior to written informed consent to participate in this study. The index event was the initiation of therapy with all three drugs vem + cobi + atezo (i.e., triple combination). The primary efficacy endpoint of the study was the 24-month overall survival (OS), defined as the time from the index date to the date of death from any cause. If the patient did not experience an event, the OS will be censored at the date of the last contact. Objective response rate (ORR), duration of response (DoR), and progression-free survival (PFS) in the Intention to treat (ITT) population, in biomarker positive population, and in population with brain metastases were also evaluated. Quality of life questionnaires were pre-planned by protocol if it was a part of routine practice. Adverse events were also collected.ResultsBetween March 2021 and May 2023, 59 patients were enrolled in 19 centers from 14 regions of Russia. Thirty-one of 59 (52.4%) patients had central nervous system metastases, and 18 of 31 (58.4%) were symptomatic. Forty of 59 patients (68%) received the triple combination as the first-line treatment. The median follow-up period was 16.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 13.8–19.8] months. The mean duration of therapy with this regimen was 9.95 months (95% CI 7.48–13.8). ORR was 55.1%; progression as the best outcome was seen in 16.3%. The median DoR was 12.95 months (95% CI 11.0–14.8 months), with a median of 20.3 months (95% CI 9.1–31.5 months) when triple therapy was administered in the first-line treatment. In patients with brain metastases (N = 31), ORR was 45.1%; the median DoR was 12.95 (95% CI 11.0–14.8 months). The median PFS in the entire population was 13.6 months (95% CI 8.6–18.6); the 24-month PFS was 22%. The estimated median OS in the entire population was 15.8 months (95% CI NA); 24-month OS was 45% (95% CI 0.32–0.64). In multivariate Cox regression model, biomarkers of interest [lactate dehydrogenase, Programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1)] did not have statistically significant impact on PFS, OS, or DoR probably due to high data missing rate. No unexpected adverse events were reported. Grades 3–4 AEs were seen in 23 of 59 patients (38%) with most common were skin and liver toxicity.ConclusionTriple combination of atezolizumab, vemurafenib, and cobimetinib had proven its efficacy and tolerability in real settings. No impact of potential predictive biomarkers was seen (NCT05402059).

Cardiac involvement is the most important factor determining prognosis in patients with systemic amyloidosis. This retrospective observational study of 98 patients with amyloidosis was undertaken to assess the amyloid types that are most likely to affect the heart, describe histopathological and clinical features of cardiac amyloidosis, and estimate the number of cases not diagnosed clinically prior to death. All cases were divided into two groups based on the method of examination. The first group included 46 patients with cardiac amyloidosis revealed via endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs), and the second group included 52 amyloidosis patients who did not undergo EMBs, in whom cardiac involvement was identified only at autopsy. The EMBs demonstrated that AL amyloidosis was detected in 21 (46%) specimens, ATTR amyloid in 24 cases (52%), and AA amyloid in 1 case (2%). The autopsy reports defined 15 (46%) cases of AL amyloidosis, 21 (40%) of ATTR and 16 (31%) of AA amyloidosis. It should be noted that a clinical diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis was made only in 9.5% of patients from the autopsy group, suggesting that ATTR may be an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure in elderly patients. The most intense amyloid deposits were determined in biopsy and autopsy specimens of patients with AL kappa amyloidosis, underlying a poorer prognosis.

Optical ceramics based on YSAG : Yb : Er with the compositions {Y1.86Yb0.45Er0.09Sc0.6}[Al1.6Sc0.4]Al3O12 and {Y2.26Yb0.45Er0.09Sc0.2}[Al1.0Sc1.0]Al3O12 were fabricated by vacuum sintering from pre-synthesized nanocrystalline powders. A comparative analysis of these samples with optical ceramics of the compositions {Y2.34Yb0.45Er0.09Sc0.12}[Al1.92Sc0.08]Al3O12 and {Y0.96Yb0.45Er0.09Sc1.50}[Al1.8Sc0.2]Al3O12 was carried out. The influence of scandium cations in the dodecahedral and octahedral positions of the garnet crystal lattice on the refractive index of YSAG : Yb : Er, as well as the values of absorption coefficients, integral luminescent intensities, and lifetimes of excited states of Yb3+ (2F7/2 and 2F5/2) and Er3+ (4I15/2, 4I13/2, 4F9/2, and 4S3/2) cations was revealed in the wavelength ranges 520–700 nm and 890–1690 nm. It has been shown that by changing the concentrations of scandium cations in the dodecahedral and octahedral positions of the crystal lattice of YSAG : Yb : Er solid solutions, it is possible to purposefully change the efficiency of energy transfer from ytterbium cations to erbium cations.

Ultra-wideband radio signals have been the subject of study for several decades. They are used to solve problems of communications and ranging. Measuring the strength (power) of a radio signal is a technically simple way to estimate the distance between the emitter and the receiver of the signal. However, the conditions of signal propagation have a significant impact on the power of the received signal. This work is relevant because chaotic radio pulses are a relatively new type of carrier in wireless technologies, and actual knowledge about the change in signal power in different types of premises is relatively small, so such a study is necessary. In this paper, we study the variation in signal power with distance for chaotic ultra-wideband radio pulses under various propagation conditions. Using experimental measurements in several outdoor (field, roadside) and indoor (corridors, conference room, office) environments, we investigate the effect of propagation conditions on ultra-wideband chaotic radio signals and determine the limits within which the dependence of the calculated power on distance can be approximated by a power law. For this purpose, the results of experimental measurements of the received signal power (a total of about 17.5 M values) were accumulated and analyzed. The accuracy of distance measurement that can be achieved in different conditions is compared and analyzed. It was found that for a 9.5 dBm signal, the range of distances at which the average accuracy is only 15–50 cm when using a power law is 5–7 m indoors and 10–15 m outdoors.

The relevance of the problem under study is associated with the actual situation which is characteristic for the present-day Russia and pertaining to the results of the state youth policy being carried out, the level of formation of national and civil consciousness of the Russian young people. The objective of the paper consists in detailing the philosophical bases, meanings and values of the Russian culture that can be used in organizing the upbringing and educational activity of the Russian youth. The leading approach to studying this problem was the culturological one acting as the methodological basis of studying the problem of upbringing of the national and civil consciousness in the Russian young people. The main results of the research have shown that the questions of upbringing of the contemporary Russian young people's civil and patriotic consciousness are understudied. There are only few works of social and pedagogical focus that consider these questions pointedly and productively. The research demonstrates the necessity of introducing the relevant modifications (amendments) concerning the Russian youth to the state social policy. It has to be clearly oriented to organizing the focused and consistent social and pedagogical activity which is aimed at shaping the national and civil consciousness of the rising generation on the basis of meanings and values of the Russian culture. The resulting materials are both of theoretical importance for further exploration of this range of problems and of practical importance for elaboration of objectives, provisions, and content of various state and public projects and programs pertaining to the civil and patriotic upbringing of the rising generation (children, adolescents, young people) and using them within the country's system of education at all levels (pre-school, school, professional, and further ones).

Physicochemical fundamentals have been developed for the basic design solutions and fabrication technologies of prospective electrolytic power cells with a reusable cell capacity of 350–500 W·h/kg at the first stage and 1000 W·h/kg at the second stage. Along with conventional chemical current sources and ionistors, there are emerging high-performance supercapacitor structures with thin dielectric in the double electric layer and hybrid capacitors in which energy is accumulated in the double electric layer and due to electrochemical processes. This approach reduces the internal resistance of the electrolytic cells thus decreasing the heat emission during operation and therefore providing for a higher specific energy capacity and operation safety, shorter charging time and an increase in specific power. Prospective anode is a nanostructured electrode material in the form of a carbon matrix filled with a nanostructured chemically active material. Promising carbon matrix fillers are Li and its alloys, Si, Al, Na, Sn, Mg, Zn, Ni, Co, Ag, as well as a range of other materials and their compounds. The effect of carbon material specific surface area, dielectric permeability and chemically active material addition on the specific energy capacity has been studied. Theoretical specific energy capacity of metal/air hybrid capacitors has been calculated. Thin-film technological system has been designed for new generation electrode materials in the form of carbon matrices with highly developed surface containing thin tunneling dielectrics and chemically active materials on dielectric surface.

Common practice methods of tank design for transportation of liquefied natural gas don’t take into account the specifics of the gas carriers operation under the condition of partial filling of cryogenic tanks. A new method for designing of type-C tank is proposed. Method is based on solving the problem of increasing the volume of transported liquefied natural gas by small-scale inland carriers. The method is based on usage of a number of limiting parameters: minimal allowable ventless operation time, allowable values of the ship’s draft, and the actual duration of voyages between neighboring consumers. The method allows optimizing type, shape, wall thickness, and heat insulation thickness of cryogenic tank. The proposed method is aimed at enlargement of usage of the ship’s hull dimensions. This is achieved by changing the diameter, the distance between centers of the bi-lobe tank, the thickness of the insulation, and the maximum allowable working pressure. An increase in the volume of the tank is achieved by coordination such parameters as the maximum allowable draft of the vessel, the minimum time of ventless storage, and the time of ventless operation under partial filling conditions. The calculation of the ventless operation time is determined by the operating conditions of type-C tanks. The calculation of the heat ingress into the tank takes into account the contact area of liquefied gas and its vapors with the metal wall of the tank. The calculations do not take into account the assumption of thermal equilibrium between the liquid and vapor fractions, which leads to the need to take into account heat transfer from vapor to liquid. The implementation of the method is shown on the example of the modeling of the two-way river-sea type vessel. It is shown that optimization of tank parameters in accordance with proposed criteria can lead to an increase in the volume of transported natural gas by more than 4 %. The method can be used in the development of new and modernization of existing vessel projects to transportation of liquefied natural gas operating in water basins of Lena and Yenisei rivers in the East Siberian region. The described method can also be used in the design of road and rail tanks as well as smallscale bullet tanks for liquefied natural gas.

FeCoCu ternary nanoparticles distributed and stabilized in the carbon matrix of FeCoCu/C metal-carbon nanocomposites have been synthesized using controlled IR pyrolysis of precursors consisting of the “polymer / iron acetylacetate / cobalt and copper acetates” type system obtained by joint dissolution of components followed by solvent removal. The effect of the synthesis temperature on the structure, composition and electromagnetic properties of the nanocomposites has been studied. By XRD was shown that the formation of the FeCoCu ternary nanoparticles occurs due to the interaction of Fe3С with the nanoparticles of the CoCu solid solution. An increase in the synthesis temperature leads to an increase in the size of the metal nanoparticles due to their agglomeration and coalescence as a result of matrix reconstruction. Furthermore, ternary alloy nanoparticles having a variable composition may form depending on the synthesis temperature and the content ratio of the metals. Raman spectroscopy has shown that the crystallinity of the carbon matrix of the nanocomposites increases with the synthesis temperature. The frequency responses of the relative permittivity and permeability of the nanocomposites have been studied at 3–13 GHz. It has been shown that a change in the content ratio of the metals noticeably increases both the dielectric and the magnetic losses. The former loss is caused by the formation of a complex nanostructure of the nanocomposite carbon matrix while the latter one originates from an increase in the size of the nanoparticles and a shift of the natural ferromagnetic resonance frequency to the low-frequency region. The reflection loss has been calculated using a standard method from the experimental data on the frequency responses of the relative permittivity and permeability. It has been shown that the frequency range and the absorption of electromagnetic waves (from –20 to –52 dB) can be controlled by varying the content ratio of the metals in the precursor. The nanocomposites obtained as a result of the experiment deliver better results in comparison with FeCo/C nanocomposites synthesized under similar conditions.

Global warming firstly influences the permafrost regions where numerous and rich world hydrocarbon deposits are located. Permafrost thawing has caused severe problems in exploring known hydrocarbon deposits and searching for new targets. This process is also dangerous for any industrial and living regions in cold regions. Knowledge of permafrost’s ice and unfrozen water content is critical for predicting permafrost behavior during the water–ice transition. This is especially relevant when ice and permafrost are melting in many regions under the influence of global warming. It is well known that only part of the formation’s pore water turns into ice at 0 °C. After further lowering the temperature, the water phase transition continues, but at gradually decreasing rates. Thus, the porous space is filled with ice and unfrozen water. Laboratory data show that frozen formations’ mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties strongly depend on the moisture content. Hence, porosity and temperature are essential parameters of permafrost. In this paper, it is shown that by combining research in three fields, (1) geophysical exploration, (2) numerical modeling, and (3) temperature logging, it is possible to estimate the porosity of permafrost in situ. Five examples of numerical modeling (where all input parameters are specified) are given to demonstrate the procedure. This investigation is the first attempt to quantitatively analyze permafrost’s porosity in situ.

Breaking of inversion symmetry leads to nonlinear and nonreciprocal electron transport, in which the voltage response does not invert with the reversal of the current direction. Many systems have incorporated inversion symmetry breaking into their band or crystal structures. In this Letter, we demonstrate that a conventional two-dimensional electron gas system with a back gate shows nonreciprocal behavior (with voltage proportional to current squared) in the quantum Hall regime, which depends on the out-of-plane magnetic field and contact configuration. The inversion symmetry is broken due to the presence of the back gate and magnetic field, and our phenomenological model provides a qualitative explanation of the experimental data. Our results suggest a universal mechanism that gives rise to nonreciprocal behavior in gated samples.

The aim of this work was to study the effect of vacuum sintering conditions and cerium concentration on the optical, luminescent and thermal properties of yttrium-aluminum garnet based ceramics doped with Се3+ cations. Series of ceramic powders were synthesized and samples of luminescent ceramics having the composition Y3-хСехAl5O12 were synthesized where x was in the range 0.01 to 0.025 f.u. We show that the phase composition and grain size distribution of the ceramic powders do not depend on cerium concentration. Without sintering additives, an increase in vacuum sintering temperature from 1675 to 1800 °C leads to an increase in the optical transmittance of luminescent ceramic specimens from 5 to 55% at a 540 nm wavelength and an increase in the thermal conductivity of the samples from 8.4 to 9.5 W/(m ∙ K). It was found that an increase in cerium concentration leads to a shift of the luminescent band peak from 535 to 545 nm where as the width of the luminescent band decreases with an increase in vacuum sintering temperature from 1675 to 1725 °C.

The concept of infinitesimal elastic deformation and the theory of elastic seismic waves was formed in the first part of the 19th century and was based mainly on the Fermat, Huygens and Snell developments in the theory of optics. At the same time, seismic wave propagation (utilized in geophysical prospecting) and optic wave propagation through defined media are based on the same physical-mathematical principles, making it possible to transfer nonconventional procedures developed in the first domain to the second one and back. In this investigation, we propose transferring advanced methodologies established in seismic prospecting to practical optics. We selected two advanced approaches with the following aims: (a) homeomorphic imaging; (b) novel description of boundary conditions. The first approach is established with the utilization of the revealed local theoretical relationship between the geometrical features of two fundamental beams and the geometrical properties of hidden geological targets of the media under study. The employed geometrical characteristics of the fundamental beams are spreading functions and curvatures of the singular wavefronts. The second approach is based on a novel description of the boundary conditions. It enables the determination of a faultless seismic (optical) system with the preassigned focusing and imaging assets when any aberrations are absent. An optimal optical system is usually determined as some arrangement agreeing to some perfect system with acceptable correctness. Employment of the developed procedures in the optical design will permit the application of a description of the optical surface using: (1) parametric functions, (2) differential equations, and (3) mixed (parametric-differential). On this basis, optical systems with a minimal number of optical features with complicated shapes can be promptly computed. Another important application field of the suggested methods is the design of optical systems with diffractive elements.

We present an approach to describe the group behavior of the high-frequency traders in the stock market based on Mean Field Games and optimal control theory. The problem is formalized as a system of coupled PDEs: Kolmogorov–Fokker–Planck, evolving forward in time with initial condition, and Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman, evolving backwards in time with terminal condition. Under certain assumptions, the system of PDEs can be reduced to Riccati-type ODEs. We solve the inverse problem to describe the behavior of the high-frequency traders during the Chinese stock market crisis in 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac involvement is the most important factor determining prognosis in patients with systemic amyloidosis. This retrospective observational study of 98 patients with amyloidosis was undertaken to assess the amyloid types that are most likely to affect the heart, describe histopathological and clinical features of cardiac amyloidosis, and estimate the number of cases not diagnosed clinically prior to death. All cases were divided into two groups based on the method of examination. The first group included 46 patients with cardiac amyloidosis revealed via endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs), and the second group included 52 amyloidosis patients who did not undergo EMBs, in whom cardiac involvement was identified only at autopsy. The EMBs demonstrated that AL amyloidosis was detected in 21 (46%) specimens, ATTR amyloid in 24 cases (52%), and AA amyloid in 1 case (2%). The autopsy reports defined 15 (46%) cases of AL amyloidosis, 21 (40%) of ATTR and 16 (31%) of AA amyloidosis. It should be noted that a clinical diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis was made only in 9.5% of patients from the autopsy group, suggesting that ATTR may be an underdiagnosed cause of heart failure in elderly patients. The most intense amyloid deposits were determined in biopsy and autopsy specimens of patients with AL kappa amyloidosis, underlying a poorer prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-wideband radio signals have been the subject of study for several decades. They are used to solve problems of communications and ranging. Measuring the strength (power) of a radio signal is a technically simple way to estimate the distance between the emitter and the receiver of the signal. However, the conditions of signal propagation have a significant impact on the power of the received signal. This work is relevant because chaotic radio pulses are a relatively new type of carrier in wireless technologies, and actual knowledge about the change in signal power in different types of premises is relatively small, so such a study is necessary. In this paper, we study the variation in signal power with distance for chaotic ultra-wideband radio pulses under various propagation conditions. Using experimental measurements in several outdoor (field, roadside) and indoor (corridors, conference room, office) environments, we investigate the effect of propagation conditions on ultra-wideband chaotic radio signals and determine the limits within which the dependence of the calculated power on distance can be approximated by a power law. For this purpose, the results of experimental measurements of the received signal power (a total of about 17.5 M values) were accumulated and analyzed. The accuracy of distance measurement that can be achieved in different conditions is compared and analyzed. It was found that for a 9.5 dBm signal, the range of distances at which the average accuracy is only 15–50 cm when using a power law is 5–7 m indoors and 10–15 m outdoors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We measure electron transport through point contacts in an electron gas in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures and graphene for a range of temperatures, magnetic fields, and electron densities. We find a magnetoconductance peak around B=0. With increasing temperature, the width of the peak increases monotonically, while its amplitude first increases and then decreases. For GaAs point contacts the peak is particularly sharp at relatively low temperatures T≈1.5K: the curve rounds on a scale of a few tens of microteslas, hinting at length scales of several millimeters for the corresponding scattering processes. We propose a model based on the transition between different transport regimes with increasing temperature: from ballistic transport to few electron-electron scatterings to hydrodynamic superballistic flow to hydrodynamic Poiseuille-like flow. The model is in qualitative and, in many cases, quantitative agreement with the experimental observations.

The Easternmost Mediterranean is a transition region from the ocean to the continent where the spreading and collision zones of the lithospheric plates join. The methodology of paleomagnetic mapping of the transition zones is based on combining geological and geophysical techniques for continental and oceanic platforms: magnetic data interpretation, paleomagnetic reconstructions, results of magnetized rock radiometric dating, satellite data analysis, tectonic–structural reconstructions, biogeographical studies, and utilization of different geophysical survey results. The satellite-derived gravity map reflects practically all significant tectonic units in the region, which assists us in the supposed paleomagnetic mapping. The satellite-derived and aeromagnetic maps with the tectonic features and the map of Curie discontinuity of Israel indicate the complexity of this region. Advanced magnetic data analysis supported by paleomagnetic data attraction and other geological–geophysical methods allowed the revealing of the block of oceanic crust with the Kiama paleomagnetic zone relating to the Early Permian age. A narrow reversely magnetized Earth crust block was revealed in the Lower Galilee. Some examples of advanced magnetic anomaly analysis are presented for several areas where the magnetization vector inclination is other than the modern direction: the Sea of Galilee, Carmel, Rosh-Ha-Ayin, Malqishon, and Hebron. In Israeli land, for the combined paleomagnetic mapping, the well-studied using paleomagnetic and radiometric methods (as well as tectonic–structural) areas were selected: (1) Makhtesh Ramon, (2) the Sea of Galilee with the adjoining zones, (3) Carmel, (4) Hula, and (5) Hermon. It is shown that the regional analysis of paleomagnetic data distribution played an essential role in detecting the influence of the recently recognized counterclockwise rotating mantle structure on the near-surface layers.

Cooling electrons into the microkelvin temperature range is of interest both for practical purposes and fundamental studies, but current demonstrations are limited to small, specific devices. Here, the authors achieve sub-millikelvin temperatures in a large-area, two-dimensional electron gas.

Цель исследования – определение фактора развития профессиональной субъектности посредством корреляции данных волевой составляющей (самоотношение и отношение к жизненным целям) и коммуникативной компетентности (формальные и неформальные позиции) курсанта, как будущего офицера войск. Предметом исследования выступила профессиональная субъектность курсантов, которая рассматривается как ключевая цель в системе подготовки будущих офицеров. Методы и методики исследования. Методы: теоретический анализ литературных источников; психологическое тестирование. Методики: 16-Факторный личностный опросник (16PF) Р. Кеттелла, Тест «Смысложизненные ориентации» (СЖО) Д.А. Леонтьева (адаптированная версия теста «Цель в жизни» Джеймса Крамбо и Леонарда Махолика). Результаты. Выявленные взаимосвязи показали, что чем выше самоотношение, тем ниже внутренняя конфликтность и выше коммуникативная компетентность, а значит и волевые качества, позволяющие принимать решения, нести ответственность за себя и за своих подчинённых – чётче осознавать свои жизненные цели, статус и позицию командира (профессиональная субъектность). Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут быть учтены при разработке учебных программ в военных образовательных учреждениях высшего образования, могут использоваться для составления программ экспериментального исследования профессиональной субъектности офицеров, программ профессионального психологического отбора. Выводы. Профессиональная субъектность офицера существует и проявляет себя как возрастающая и формирующаяся возможность. При её рассмотрении в структурно-динамическом отношении выделяются потенциально-статический и действенно-реализационные аспекты.

Relevance. The article considers the development of law as a regulator of public relations in correlation with emerging and applying various technologies by mankind. In the process of transition from low-tech to high-tech, society has experienced three industrial revolutions and is on the verge of the fourth. The article attempts to establish the stage of modern law development and the degree of its convergence with high technologies. The conclusion is made about the emergence of a new phenomenon - high-tech law, the inner side of which is application of high technologies to solve problems that appear in the process of law enforcement, and the outer side is regulation of public relations arising from their use. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the need for a systematic and evolutionary approach to personnel, technical and regulatory support for further development and functioning of high-tech law and to develop reasonable proposals for solving these problems. The materials for the research were scientific works of specialists in the field of philosophy, legal theory, psychology, technology, statistical data. The authors experience in organizing training of highly qualified specialists aimed at obtaining a set of competences in the field of law and high technologies has also contributed to this research. Methods. The results and conclusions are obtained on the basis of general scientific research methods: logical, systematic, sociological, as well as private-scientific and special: comparative-legal, formal-legal, interpretation, statistical, and some others. Results. The concept of high-tech law is substantiated and formulated, recommendations for its further technological and regulatory modernization are proposed, and a number of conclusions are made that determine the need to change the process of training legal personnel.

Magnetic nanoparticles play an important role in rapidly developing advanced branches of science and industry, e.g. fabrication of magnetic storage media, synthesis of ferromagnetic liquids, medicine and chemistry. One problem faced in the usage of magnetic nanoparticles is their high chemical activity leading to oxidation in air and agglomeration. The chemical activity of magnetic nanoparticles stems from the contribution of their large specific surface to volume ratio. Carbon coating of nanoparticles reduces the interaction between nanoparticles. FeCoAl/C metal-carbon nanocomposites have been synthesized using IR pyrolysis of polymer/metal salt precursors. The effect of synthesis temperature (IR heating) in the range from 500 to 700 °C on the structure and composition of the nanomaterials has been studied. We show that the forming particles are the FeCoAl ternary solid solution with a FeCo based bcc lattice. An increase in the synthesis temperature from 500 to 700 °C leads to an increase in the coherent scattering region of three-component nanoparticles from 5 to 19 nm. An increase in the aluminum content from 20 to 30% relative to Fe and Co results in an increase in the size of the nanoparticles to 15 nm but this also entails the formation of a Co based solid solution having an fcc lattice. An increase in the nanocomposite synthesis temperature and a growth of the relative Al content as a result of a more complete carbonization and the structure-building effect of metals reduce the degree of amorphousness of the nanocomposite carbon matrix and lead to the formation of graphite-like phase crystallites having an ordered structure. The effect of synthesis temperature and relative content of metals on the electromagnetic properties (complex permittivity and permeability) of the synthesized nanocomposites has been studied. Synthesis conditions affect the radio absorption properties of the nanocomposites, e.g. reflection loss (RL) in the 3–13 GHz range.

A modulation method is proposed for generating identical UWB chaotic radio pulses using an analog generator of chaotic oscillations. The problem is on the edge of two contradicting requirements: (1) theoretical ability to produce a huge number of various-shape signals, because of high sensitivity to the initial conditions of the generator; (2) the necessity to reproduce oscillations of the same shape both in the receiver and in the transmitter for the implementation of coherent methods of signal processing. The considered method allows us to resolve this contradiction. A single-transistor chaotic oscillator with single power supply and frequency range 100 to 500 MHz is proposed. A mathematical model of the generator (a system of ODEs) was derived. A method of generating chaotic radio pulses with a reproducible shape that could be varied in a manner that is controlled and natural for UWB radio by means of changing the supply voltage of the chaotic oscillator is shown. The mathematical model of the generator is simulated numerically and proves the proposed ideas. The shaping and the replicability of UWB pulses was experimentally proven in an analog domain on a testbed with four instances of the chaotic generator.

The problem of creating methods for calculating tsunami parameters and predicting these dangerous events is currently being solved by integrating the equations of the theory of water waves. Both numerical methods and powerful computers are used, as well as analytical solutions. The essential stage is the stage of the tsunami reaching the shelf and shallow coastal waters. The tsunami amplitude increases here, and nonlinear effects become important. Nonlinearity excludes the solution’s unicity and the superposition principle’s fulfillment. The nonlinear theory can have many solutions, depending on various external conditions; there could be nontrivial ones. In this article, we explore the properties of several nonlinear solutions. With their help, we can find the maximum possible amplitude of tsunami waves when approaching the coast and estimate the seismological parameters of an earthquake-generating tsunami.

A method for interpreting uncertainty of predictions provided by machine learning survival models is proposed. It is called UncSurvEx and aims to determine which features of an analyzed example lead to uncertain predictions of an explainable black-box survival model. One of the ideas behind the proposed method is to approximate the uncertainty measure of a local black-box survival model prediction by the uncertainty measure of the Cox proportional hazards model at the local area around a test example. The linear relationship between covariates and predictions in the corresponding Cox model allows determining quantitative impacts of covariates on the uncertainty measure. A specific certainty measure of the survival function, taking into account the most uncertain survival function, is introduced to interpret the prediction uncertainty. The $L_{2}$ -norm is used to compute the distance between survival functions. The method leads to an unconstrained non-convex optimization problem which is solved by means of the well-known Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm. A lot of numerical experiments demonstrate the uncertainty interpretation method.

Relevance . The article considers current problems of a criminal procedural and forensic nature common for search and cognitive activities when dealong with older people with cognitive impairment. Successful developments in the field of medicine, an overall increase in the standard of living of the population, and the quality of social security have extended life span expectancy and, accordingly, led to the increase of the total number of older people. People from this category are increasingly involved in the orbit of criminal proceedings as witnesses and victims, and often as defendants (suspects). It should be understood and taken into account that, due to various diseases, changes in the mental state, social status of these persons and other reasons, obtaining verbal criminally relevant information from such participants in the criminal proceedings demonstrate certain specifics. However, at the moment, there are no forensic developments aimed at optimizing investigative actions involving older people. Relevant scientific research on this issue has not been conducted either in Russia or abroad. The aim of the work is the need to ensure the full realization of the rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings from among the elderly by developing and introducing forensic techniques into law enforcement in criminal investigations, which necessitates the initial definition of the problem and disclosing its essence. The materials for the study are scientific works of specialists in the field of psychology, gerontology, neurophysiology, forensic science, and statistical data, as well as the authors vast experience in the preliminary investigation of criminal cases as an investigator. The results and conclusions were obtained with the help of general scientific research methods: logical, systemic, sociological, as well as private-scientific and special: comparative-legal, formal-legal, interpretation, statistical, etc. Results: several conclusions have been made to strengthen the necessary to improve the regulatory framework governing participation of older people in criminal proceedings to ensure their legal rights and freedoms. Recommendations on preparation and conduct of investigative actions with participation of such categories of persons have been proposed.

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) is a promising approach to cancer immunotherapy, but its efficiency fundamentally depends on the extent of tumor-specific T cell enrichment within the graft. This can be estimated via activation with identifiable neoantigens, tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), or living or lysed tumor cells, but these approaches remain laborious, time-consuming, and functionally limited, hampering clinical development of ACT. Here, we demonstrate that homology cluster analysis of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires efficiently identifies tumor-reactive TCRs allowing to: (1) detect their presence within the pool of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs); (2) optimize TIL culturing conditions, with IL-2low/IL-21/anti-PD-1 combination showing increased efficiency; (3) investigate surface marker-based enrichment for tumor-targeting T cells in freshly isolated TILs (enrichment confirmed for CD4+ and CD8+ PD-1+/CD39+ subsets), or re-stimulated TILs (informs on enrichment in 4-1BB-sorted cells). We believe that this approach to the rapid assessment of tumor-specific TCR enrichment should accelerate T cell therapy development.