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Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside (purity >98%) were isolated from black chokeberry by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and an animal experiment was conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics of two anthocyanin monomers after intravenous administration. The results showed that cyanidin-3-O-galactoside has preferable druggability than cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside in pharmacokinetic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CD44, cluster of differentiation 44 is a typical marker of stem cells. At present, it has been found that CD44 is prevalent in various human malignant tumors, but its expression regulation mechanism is still not clear. The initiation of gene expression, the modification of RNA levels, and the regulation of protein levels are the main factors affecting the expression level of genes, and the most critical one is the regulation of gene expression by signaling pathways. Up to now, there has been no report on the role of MKL-1 in the cloning of the cd44 promoter. Therefore, this study intends to clone the cd44 gene promoter, construct its luciferase reporter gene vector, transfect the MKL-1 overexpression vector, and analyze how it affects transcriptional activity, in order to further study the expression regulation of cd44. The mechanism provides a powerful tool in the future.

The characteristics and health risks of 15 phthalate esters in household dust and the association with household attributes were investigated in Chengdu, China. The concentrations of total phthalate esters ranged from 87.9 to 3623 μg/g. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the dominant compound of phthalate esters with a median of 151 μg/g. The statistical analysis result showed that household products and synthetic polymer emission were the main sources of phthalate esters. Smoking, cooking, keeping pets and the use of wooden floor and plastic wallpaper might increase the concentrations of phthalate esters in household dust, but opening windows frequently, and increasing the sweeping frequency might cause the decrease of phthalate esters in the indoor environment. The hazard indexes (HI) values of phthalate esters were all below 1, indicated that there are not non-carcinogenic of phthalate esters in household dust for the residents in Chengdu. However, the carcinogenic risk of DEHP was 2.54 × 10−6, implying that the carcinogenic risks via exposure to DEHP from Chengdu household dust were noticeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal cell proliferation caused by abnormal transcription regulation mechanism seems to be one of the reasons for the progression of breast cancer and also the pathological basis. MicroRNA-142-5p (miR-142-5p) is a low-expressed miRNA in breast cancer. The role of MKL-1s regulation of DNMT1 in breast cancer cell proliferation and migration is still unclear. MKL-1 (myocardin related transcription factor A) can bind to the conserved cis -regulatory element CC (A/T) 6GG (called CarG box) in the promoter to regulate the transcription of miR-142-5p. The expressions of miR-142-5p and MKL-1 are positively correlated. In addition, it has been proved that DNMT1 is the target of miR-142-5p, which inhibits the expression of DNMT1 by targeting the 3-UTR of DNMT1, thereby forming a feedback loop and inhibiting the migration and proliferation of breast cancer. Our data provide important and novel insights into the MKL-1/miR-142-5p/DNMT1/maspin signaling pathway and may become a new idea for breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban street dusts were collected in commercial area (CA), traffic area (TA), educational area (EA), residential area (RA) and parks area (PA) of Chengdu, China, to investigate the concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cd and Cr), and analyzed to evaluated possible sources and health risk assessment. The average concentrations (mg/kg) of Pb (82.3), Zn (296), Cu (100), Cd (1.66) and Cr (84.3) in urban street dusts were all higher than the local soil background values. The concentrations of heavy metals in each functional area could be classified as follows: CA > TA > RA > EA > PA. Principal component analysis and Cluster analysis showed mainly derived from the mixed sources of nature and traffic (51.7%). The results of health risk assessment showed no non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of the metals for inhabitants. However, higher concentrations and oral bioaccessibility of the heavy metals in the dusts from CA and TA, indicating there was more health risks to the inhabitants in than that in other functional areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthalate esters are used in a wide variety of consumer products, and human exposure to this class of compounds is widespread. Nevertheless, studies on dietary exposure of human to phthalates are limited. In this study, to assess the daily intakes of phthalate esters and the possible adverse health impacts, different food samples were collected from three areas of Cambodia, one of the poorest countries in the world. The ∑phthalate ester concentrations in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal provinces ranged from 0.05 to 2.34 (median 0.88) μg g −1 , 0.19–1.65 (median 0.86) μg g −1 and 0.24–3.05 (median 0.59) μg g −1 wet weight (ww), respectively. Di-2-Ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP) were the predominant compounds among all foodstuffs. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of phthalate esters for the general population in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal was 34.3, 35.6 and 35.8 μg kg −1 bw d −1 , respectively. The dietary daily intake of DEHP, benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) in Kampong Cham, Kratie and Kandal were below the tolerable daily intakes (TDI) imposed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and reference doses (RfD) imposed by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Rice contributed the greatest quantity of DEHP to the daily intake in Cambodia so may deserve further exploration. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the occurrence and the daily intakes of phthalate esters in Cambodia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the characteristics of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni) in household dust in urban household environment of Chengdu, China, 90 household dust samples were collected from 6 districts of the city. The information of houses and residents were also recorded during dust sampling to identify the correlations between heavy metals in household dust and the house attributes. And also the principal component analysis and cluster analysis for sources and impactor factors. The concentrations of Pb (123 mg·kg − 1 ), Zn (675 mg·kg − 1 ), Cu (190 mg·kg − 1 ), Cr (82.7 mg·kg − 1 ), Cd (2.37 mg·kg − 1 ) and Ni (52.6 mg·kg − 1 ) in household dust are in low or moderate levels when compare with that from other counties or areas. The heavy metals of household dust samples from Chengdu is higher concentrations than that in the street dust from Chengdu, except for Cr. Statistical analysis result showed traffic sources and corrosion of alloys are important factors contributing to the rise concentrations of heavy metals in household dust. In addition, there is negative correlation ( p < 0.05 ) between the heavy metals concentrations and floor levels. The ingestion is the important pathway for Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni via household dust exposure to the residents, and the dermal contact was identified as a main route for Cr and Cd in household dust exposure to the residents. There are minor non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from the heavy metals in household dust for the residents in Chengdu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to use food waste to culture housefly larvae, which serve as the major source of protein in fish feeds, to evaluate copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) bioaccumulation and trophic transfer in the food chain. In addition, the potential health risk to humans of exposure to these metal elements via dietary intake of tilapia fed with housefly larvae feeds was also evaluated. The results showed the bioavailability of trace elements in dish waste to housefly larvae was lower than that in staple food waste. Trace element concentrations in housefly larvae fed with food waste met the animal feed standards in China and the European Union (EU). The highest concentrations of Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr, and Cd in residue did not exceed the limits specified for fertilizer in China, Canada, and Germany. The tilapia fed with dried housefly larvae presented a greater final weight and protein content than those fed with commercial feed and fresh housefly larvae (p < 0.05). The Cu, Cr, and Cd concentrations in tilapia fed with commercial feed were higher than in those fed with commercial housefly larvae or dried housefly larvae (p < 0.05). The highest bioaccumulation of Cu, Zn, and Ni was found in tilapia fed with fresh housefly larvae feed. The results of the health risk assessment showed that the tilapia fed with the housefly larvae feed pellets or fresh housefly larvae were safe for consumption from the perspective of trace elements. Unlabelled Image • Use housefly larvae to dispose of the food waste. • Cd in the food wastes might be accumulated in the housefly larvae. • The larva fed with food waste was used as protein in fish feeds. • The tilapia fed with commercial feeds has the highest Cd concentration and BAF. • Health risk from consuming fish fed with the housefly larvae feed pellets unlikely [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metformin is an oral biguanide used to treat diabetes. Recent study showed it may interfere was related to cancer progression and has a positive effect on cancer prevention and treatment, which attracts a new hot research topic. Here we show that Metformin suppressed the proliferation but induced apoptosis of gastric cells. Notably, Metformin enhanced gastriccell apoptosis via modulating AMPK signaling. Furthermore, Metformin and miR-365 synergistically promote the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by miR-365-PTEN-AMPK axis. Our study unraveled a novel signaling axis in the regulation in gastric cancer, which could be amplified by the application of metformin. The new effect of metformin potentiates its novel therapeutic application in the future. The data generated during this study are included in this article and its supplementary information files are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. • MiR365 induces gastric cancer cell apoptosis, by inhibiting PTEN expression via interact on 3′UTR of PTEN. • Metformin regulates AMPK phosphorylation by downregulating PTEN expression in gastric cancer cell apoptosis. • Metformin and miR-365 synergistically promote the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by miR-365-PTEN-AMPK axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal cell proliferation caused by abnormal transcription regulation mechanism seems to be one of the reasons for the progression of breast cancer and also the pathological basis. MicroRNA-142-5p (miR-142-5p) is a low-expressed miRNA in breast cancer. The role of MKL-1s regulation of DNMT1 in breast cancer cell proliferation and migration is still unclear. MKL-1 (myocardin related transcription factor A) can bind to the conserved cis -regulatory element CC (A/T) 6GG (called CarG box) in the promoter to regulate the transcription of miR-142-5p. The expressions of miR-142-5p and MKL-1 are positively correlated. In addition, it has been proved that DNMT1 is the target of miR-142-5p, which inhibits the expression of DNMT1 by targeting the 3-UTR of DNMT1, thereby forming a feedback loop and inhibiting the migration and proliferation of breast cancer. Our data provide important and novel insights into the MKL-1/miR-142-5p/DNMT1/maspin signaling pathway and may become a new idea for breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Abstract: In 2020, the new type of coronal pneumonitis became a pandemic in the world, and has firstly been reported in Wuhan, China. Chest CT is a vital component in the diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct automatic and accurate detection of COVID-19 by chest CT.The clinical classification of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was predicted by Radiomics using chest CT.From the COVID-19 cases in our institution, 136 moderate patients and 83 severe patients were screened, and their clinical and laboratory data on admission were collected for statistical analysis. Initial CT Radiomics were modeled by automatic machine learning, and diagnostic performance was evaluated according to AUC, TPR, TNR, PPV and NPV of the subjects. At the same time, the initial CT main features of the two groups were analyzed semi-quantitatively, and the results were statistically analyzed.There was a statistical difference in age between the moderate group and the severe group. The model cohort showed TPR 96.9%, TNR 99.1%, PPV98.4%, NPV98.2%, and AUC 0.98. The test cohort showed TPR 94.4%, TNR100%, PPV100%, NPV96.2%, and AUC 0.97. There was statistical difference between the two groups with grade 1 score (P = .001), the AUC of grade 1 score, grade 2 score, grade 3 score and CT score were 0.619, 0.519, 0.478 and 0.548, respectively.Radiomics' Auto ML model was built by CT image of initial COVID -19 pneumonia, and it proved to be effectively used to predict the clinical classification of COVID-19 pneumonia. CT features have limited ability to predict the clinical typing of Covid-19 pneumonia., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Endothelial cell proliferation disorder caused by vascular injury seems to be one of the causes of atherosclerosis, which is the pathological basis of coronary heart disease. The role of STAT3 in the regulation of microRNAs and endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis is unclear. STAT3 can be activated by cytokine IL-6 and up regulate the expression of CX3CL1. In addition, microRNA-15a-5p (miR-15a-5p) inhibited the transcription of CX3CL1, the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and the proliferation of STAT3 regulated vascular endothelial cells. STAT3 positively regulates the expression of CX3CL1, and then down-regulates the inhibition of CX3CL1 by over-expression of miR-15a-5p, thus forming an elimination feedback loop to control the proliferation of HUVECs and affect the progression of atherosclerosis. In conclusion, miR-15a-5p may be the therapeutic target of the pathological basis of coronary atherosclerosis., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)