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Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a chronic granulomatous vasculitis involving in the main branches of aorta. Previous studies mainly used peripheral blood and some vascular tissues but seldom studies have sequenced vascular tissues. Here in this study, we aimed to explore the alterations of mRNA in TA by performing bulk RNA sequencing. A total of 14 abdominal aortic tissues including 8 from renal transplantation and 6 from patient with TA undergoing bypass surgeries. Bulk RNA sequencing were performed and after the quality control, a total of 1897 transcripts were observed to be significantly differently (p < 0.05 and Log2FC > 1) expressed between the TA and control group, among which 1,361 transcripts were in TA group and 536 in the Control group. Reactome Pathway Enrichment Comparison analysis revealed interleukin-10 signaling and signaling by interleukins were highly expressed in TA group. Besides, extracellular matrix organization was also observed in this group. WGCNA and PPI obtained 26 core genes which were highly correlated with the clinical phenotype. We then also perform deconvolution of the bulk RNA-seq data by using the scRNA-seq dataset and noticed the high proportion of smooth muscle cells in our dataset. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining confirmed our bioinformatic analysis that TA aortic tissues express high levels of IL-1R1 and IL-1R2. Briefly, this study revealed critical roles of interleukins in TA pathogenesis, and SMCs may also participate in the reconstruction in vessel wall at late stage of TA.

Comprehensive Summary: Charge transport characterization of single‐molecule junctions is essential for the fundamental research of single‐molecule physical chemistry and the development towards single‐molecule electronic devices and circuits. Among the single‐molecule conductance characterization techniques, the single‐molecule break junction technique is widely used in tens of worldwide research laboratories which can generate a large amount of experimental data from thousands of individual measurement cycles. However, data interpretation is a challenging task for researchers with different research backgrounds, and the different data analysis approaches sometimes lead to the misunderstanding of the measurement data and even reproducibility issues of the measurement. It is thus a necessity to develop a user‐friendly all‐in‐one data analysis tool that automatizes the basic data analysis in a standard and widely accepted way. In this work, we present the XMe Code (Xiamen Molecular Electronics Code), an intelligent all‐in‐one data analysis tool for the comprehensive analysis of single‐molecule break junction data. XMe code provides end‐to‐end data analysis that takes in the original experimental data and returns electronic characteristics and even charge transport mechanisms. We believe that XMe Code will promote the transparency of the data analysis in single‐molecule electronics and the collaborations among scientists with different research backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To retrospectively analyze the short-term outcomes of catheter-based versus direct foam sclerotherapy when combined with high ligation (HL) for the treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence. Methods: From July 2018 to October 2019, a total of 82 lower limbs of 70 patients with GSV incompetence received HL combined with catheter-based foam sclerotherapy (CFS group) or direct foam sclerotherapy (DFS group) for GSV proximal trunk. Among them, 40 limbs of 36 patients were treated with CFS, and 42 limbs of 34 patients were treated with DFS. The occlusion of GSV proximal trunk was evaluated with venous duplex ultrasound examinations; Venous Clinical Severity Scores (VCSS) was used to assess clinical improvement; Aberdeen Varicose Veins Questionnaire (AVVQ) was used to assess quality-of-life scores; and Complications was used for the safety evaluation. Results: At day 7 post-operatively, complete occlusion of proximal trunk of the GSV was achieved in 92.5% legs of the CFS group and 71.4% of the DFS group (p = 0.014). Additionally, anterograde flow was found in 7.5% legs of the CFS group and 26.2% of the DFS group (p = 0.025). No significant differences in the occurrence of complications were observed between the two groups. The median follow-up was 285.5 days in the DFS group and 318 days in the CFS group (p = 0.140). VCSS and AVVQ reduction were significant in both CFS group and DFS group (5.3 ± 2.5, 5.5 ± 2.4, p < 0.001 for VCSS; 15.9 ± 8.0, 16.3 ± 8.6, p < 0.001 for AVVQ), but no significant difference were observed between two groups (p = 0.655 for VCSS, p = 0.934 for AVVQ). Conclusions: Although the occlusion of great saphenous vein proximal trunk were different, two modalities result in similar clinical and quality-of-life improvements. DFS is a feasible alternative to CFS when combined with HL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging event cameras have the potential to be an excellent complement for standard cameras within various visual tasks, especially in illumination‐changing environments or situations requiring high‐temporal resolution. Herein, an event‐based stereo visual odometry (VO) system via adaptive time‐surface (TS) and truncated signed distance function (TSDF), namely, T‐ESVO, is proposed. The system consists of three carefully designed components, including the event processing unit, the mapping unit, and the tracking unit. Specifically, the event processing unit adopts a novel spatial–temporal adaptive TS that can deal with different camera motions in various environments. The mapping unit introduces the TSDF to describe the 3D representation of environments and achieves depth estimation based on the global historical depth information contained in the environmental TSDF description. The tracking unit achieves the 6‐DoF pose estimation through an 3D–2D registration method based on the left/right TS selection mechanism and the depth point selection mechanism. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed system are evaluated on various datasets, and the experimental results show that T‐ESVO achieves good performance in both accuracy and robustness when compared with other state‐of‐the‐art event‐based stereo VO systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic regulatory networks (GRNs) regulate the flow of genetic information from the genome to expressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and thus are critical to controlling the phenotypic characteristics of cells. Numerous methods exist for profiling mRNA transcript levels and identifying protein-DNA binding interactions at the genome-wide scale. These enable researchers to determine the structure and output of transcriptional regulatory networks, but uncovering the complete structure and regulatory logic of GRNs remains a challenge. The field of GRN inference aims to meet this challenge using computational modeling to derive the structure and logic of GRNs from experimental data and to encode this knowledge in Boolean networks, Bayesian networks, ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, or other modeling frameworks. However, most existing models do not incorporate dynamic transcriptional data since it has historically been less widely available in comparison to "static" transcriptional data. We report the development of an evolutionary algorithm-based ODE modeling approach (named EA) that integrates kinetic transcription data and the theory of attractor matching to infer GRN architecture and regulatory logic. Our method outperformed six leading GRN inference methods, none of which incorporate kinetic transcriptional data, in predicting regulatory connections among TFs when applied to a small-scale engineered synthetic GRN in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential of our method to predict unknown transcriptional profiles that would be produced upon genetic perturbation of the GRN governing a two-state cellular phenotypic switch in Candida albicans. We established an iterative refinement strategy to facilitate candidate selection for experimentation; the experimental results in turn provide validation or improvement for the model. In this way, our GRN inference approach can expedite the development of a sophisticated mathematical model that can accurately describe the structure and dynamics of the in vivo GRN. Author summary: The establishment of distinct transcriptional programs, where specific sets of genes are activated or repressed, is fundamental to all forms of life. Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, often referred to as regulatory transcription factors, form interconnected gene regulatory networks (GRNs) which underlie the establishment and maintenance of specific transcriptional programs. Since their discovery, many modeling approaches have sought to understand the structure and regulatory behaviors of these GRNs. The field of GRN inference uses experimental measurements of transcript abundance to predict how regulatory transcription factors interact with their downstream target genes to establish specific transcriptional programs. However, most prior approaches have been limited by the exclusive use of "static" or steady-state measurements. We have developed a unique approach which incorporates dynamic transcriptional data into a sophisticated ordinary differential equation model to infer GRN structures that give rise to distinct transcriptional programs. Our model not only outperforms six other leading models, it also is capable of accurately predicting how changes in GRN structure will impact the resulting transcriptional programs. These notable features of our model, in conjunction with experimental validation of our predictions in real-world scenarios, contribute to an advancement in the field of gene regulatory network inference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural color fabrication attracting significant interest for science and art is usually restricted by costly and time‐consuming structuring processes or inerasable characteristics of structures. Herein, by developing a universal, low‐cost technical solution—the nanosecond laser irradiation of ink (Solvent Black 7) layers coated on metal—laser‐induced heterogeneous permanent/erasable nanostructures (LIHPEN) are produced successfully on multiple metals, especially noble metals, without ablation damage to intrinsic surfaces. LIHPEN consist of uniform laser‐induced periodic surface structures produced by surface plasmon polariton excitation of metals and can be extended into 2D hybrid micro/nanostructures by introducing the direct laser interference patterning technique. LIHPEN technology operated under a large processing parameter window can realize space‐selective erasability of prepared structures by controlling processing parameters, which determine the ink‐layer carbonization degree and thus the permanent or erasable characteristic. Because ink layers can be coated manually, in addition to realizing digital scanning patterns, LIHPEN technology can be integrated with traditional artistic techniques to solidify and color artworks without risk of information loss and leakage in digital copying. LIHPEN with good durability can exhibit vivid structural colors on metals, demonstrating its great potential in fields of artwork iridescent coloring, encryption, and anti‐counterfeiting, particularly those requiring customization, personalization, and rewritability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of secondary brain injury following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and regulating this process is considered a potential therapy for alleviating further brain injury. A previous study showed that CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) can inhibit ferroptosis in cancer. Thus, we investigated the effects of CISD2 on ferroptosis and the mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective role in mice after ICH. CISD2 expression markedly increased after ICH. CISD2 over‐expression significantly decreased the number of Fluoro‐Jade C‐positive neurons and alleviated brain edema and neurobehavioral deficits at 24 h after ICH. In addition, CISD2 over‐expression up‐regulated the expression of p‐AKT, p‐mTOR, ferritin heavy chain 1, glutathione peroxidase 4, ferroportin, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase activity, which are markers of ferroptosis. Additionally, CISD2 over‐expression down‐regulated the levels of malonaldehyde, iron content, acyl‐CoA synthetase long‐chain family member 4, transferrin receptor 1, and cyclooxygenase‐2 at 24 h after ICH. It also alleviated mitochondrial shrinkage and decreased the density of the mitochondrial membrane. Furthermore, CISD2 over‐expression increased the number of GPX4‐positive neurons following ICH induction. Conversely, knockdown of CISD2 aggravated neurobehavioral deficits, brain edema, and neuronal ferroptosis. Mechanistically, MK2206, an AKT inhibitor, suppressed p‐AKT and p‐mTOR and reversed the effects of CISD2 over‐expression on markers of neuronal ferroptosis and acute neurological outcome. Taken together, CISD2 over‐expression alleviated neuronal ferroptosis and improved neurological performance, which may be mediated through the AKT/mTOR pathway after ICH. Thus, CISD2 may be a potential target to mitigate brain injury via the anti‐ferroptosis effect after ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) are promising candidates for stem cell therapy in clinical trials. Applications of hBMSCs in clinical therapy are limited by cellular senescence due to long-term ex vivo expansion. Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic drug for type 2 diabetes, has been shown to have antiaging effects. However, the mechanisms of metformin in antiaging treatment remain controversial. Here, we used D-galactose (D-gal) to establish an appropriate model of senescent hBMSCs to explore the antiaging effects of metformin. Following metformin treatment with a low concentration range, senescence phenotypes induced by D-gal significantly changed, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and cell cycle arrest. In contrast, no apparent change was found in unsenescent hBMSCs. Furthermore, the results show that activation of 5 ′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) by metformin enhances cell autophagy in senescent hBMSCs. These findings suggest that metformin exerts antiaging function within the low concentration range by enhancing autophagy and exhibits potential benefits for clinical stem cell therapy by ameliorating the ex vivo replicative senescence of hBMSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]