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Migraine is a neurovascular disorder with great burden so that effective abortive and preventive treatment is needed. Different from the previous choice of drugs based on clinical experience, the specific treatment targeting the pathogenesis of migraine has revolutionized the management of migraine in recent years. Ditans and gepants can not only effectively relief headache and related symptoms but also be effective for those who are refractory to the abortive treatment by traditional painkillers or triptans. A variety of monoclonal antibodies against calcitonin gene⁃related peptide (CGRP) and CGRP receptor can effectively reduce headache attacks, especially when accompanied by other difficult clinical situations. This paper reviews the research progress of migraine drugs and its impact on clinical practice.

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1672⁃6731.2022.02.001

aimed to observe and discuss the effectiveness and safety of the UreTron single-probe ultrasonic intracorporeal lithotripter in ureteroscopic lithotripsy. Methods: The clinical data of patients with unilateral solitary ureteral calculi treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy who were hospitalized at the Department of Urology (West District) of Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between March 2016 and August 2020 were selected for retrospective analysis. The patients were divided into the UreTron group (group U) and holmium laser group (group H) according to the lithotripsy method adopted. The operation duration, length of hospital stay, stone clearance rate, proportion of patients requiring flexible ureteroscopy-assisted lithotripsy, and complications were compared between the groups. Results: There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of the general characteristics, operation duration, or length of hospital stay (P > 0.05). Regarding the stone clearance rate (group U=93.5%; group H=75%), proportion of patients requiring flexible ureteroscopy-assisted lithotripsy (group U=6.5%; group H=27.8%), and incidence of surgical complications (group U=1 case; group H=9 cases), group U was superior to group H, and the differences between the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). However, the differences in other complications (cardiocerebral complications and lower extremity thrombosis) were not statistically significant between the groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The UreTron system is a new lithotripsy apparatus that is safe and effective for ureteroscopic lithotripsy and has certain advantages in terms of the stone clearance rate, proportion of patients requiring flexible ureteroscopy-assisted lithotripsy, and surgical complications, making it worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess and compare the performance of fluorine‐18‐labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET/ CT) and gallium‐68‐labeled tetraazacyclododecanetetraacetic acid‐DPhe1‐Tyr3‐octreotate (68Ga‐ DOTATATE) PET/CT in the targeted imaging of culprit tumors causing osteomalacia. Methods: This was a clinical retrospective analysis. We analyzed 13 patients (five men, eight women; mean age, 49 years; range, 19–55 years) with suspicion of tumor‐induced osteomalacia (TIO) between March 2017 and October 2019. All patients underwent two functional imaging methods to locate the culprittumors. Studies were performed on a PET/CT scanner. The injection doses of 18F‐ FDG and 68Ga‐DOTATATE were 0.5mCi/kg and approximately 5.0mCi, respectively. In the two scans, the whole body was captured from head to toe 45 to 60 min after intravenous tracer injection. 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT and 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging results locate culprit tumors according to the following criteria: (i) abnormal foci uptake concentration was observed locally, and the uptake level was higher than the background level of the right lobe of the liver; (ii) combined CT showed or did not have obvious abnormal density changes; and (iii) non‐specific ingestion lesions due to fracture, arthritis, necrosis of femoral head are excluded. Compared with the results of pathological examination and clinical follow‐up, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging and 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging for TIO were analyzed. Results: All patients had symptoms of osteomalacia and hypophosphatemia. The lag time (symptoms to PET diagnosis) ranged from 2 to 12 years. There were eight cases of TIO patients and five cases of non‐TIO patients confirmed by surgery, pathology and follow‐up. Among the eight TIO patients, there were six cases (75.0%) of PMTs, one case (12.5%) of giant cell tumor, one case (12.5%) of hemangiopericutoma. Most (n = 6, 75.0%) of the confirmed tumors in our patient population were in the lower extremities, followed by craniofacial regions (n = 1, 12.5%), and torso (n = 1, 12.5%), respectively. Among the five non‐TIO patients, there were two cases of Fanconi syndrome, one case of rickets, and two cases of sporadic osteomalacia hypophosphorus. The culprit tumors could be located either in the bone (n = 5, 62.5%) or the soft tissue (n = 3, 37.5%). 18F‐FDG PET/CT was able to localize the tumor in six (6/13, 46.1%) patients. 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT detected tumor in 8 (83.3%) of 13 patients. The sensitivity of 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT imaging and 18F‐FDG PET/CT imaging in the evaluation of TIO in our patient population were 100% (8/8) vs 75% (6/8). The specificity of the two different methods was 80% (4/5). The overall accuracy was 92.3% (12/13) vs 76.9% (10/13). Conclusions: 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT is very effective in assessing hypophosphatemia patients with TIO typical symptoms compared with 18F‐FDG. Therefore, in clinically suspected cases of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, 68Ga‐DOTATATE PET/CT should be preferred as an imaging modality investigation to avoid delay in the treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can evade the immune response and establish chronic infection under natural and experimental conditions. Some genes related to antigen processing and presentation and to cytokine regulation are known to be involved in this response, but the precise mechanism through which each gene responds to CSFV infection remains unclear. Results In this study, the amplification standard curve and corresponding linear regression equations for the genes SLA-2, TAP1, SLA-DR, Ii, CD40, CD80, CD86, IFN-α, and IFN-β were established successfully. Real-time RT-PCR was used to quantify the immune response gene transcription in PK-15 cells post CSFV infection. Results showed that: (1) immune response genes were generally down-regulated as a result of CSFV infection, and (2) the expression of SLA-2, SLA-DR, Ii and CD80 was significantly decreased (p Conclusion We conclude that in vitro infection with CSFV inhibits the transcription of host immune response genes. These findings may facilitate the development of effective strategies for controlling CSF.

Electrically conductive nanocomposites composed of a zirconium-based metal–organic framework (MOF) and nanocarbons are synthesized by in situ growth of MOF nanocrystals in the presence of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) or graphene oxide (GO). The electrical conductivity and porosity of the obtained MOF-based nanocomposites are highly tunable by adjusting the MOF-to-carbon ratio as well as the type of nanocarbons used during the synthesis. Redox-active manganese sites are thereafter decorated in the MOF structure in these nanocomposites to render redox hopping in MOF under electrochemical conditions, and the pseudocapacitive behaviors of these MOF–GNR and MOF–GO nanocomposites are investigated in aqueous electrolytes. With the electrical conductivity provided by nanocarbons and the high-density redox-active manganese sites supported by the porous framework, the Mn-decorated nanocomposites exhibit better performances as the materials for pseudocapacitors than the pristine Mn-decorated MOF and nanocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is the common cause of cognitive decline in the old population. MRI can be used to clarify its mechanisms. However, the surrogate markers of MRI for early cognitive impairment in SVD remain uncertain to date. We investigated the cognitive impacts of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and brain volumetric measurements in a cohort of post-stroke non-dementia SVD patients.Methods: Fifty five non-dementia SVD patients were consecutively recruited and categorized into two groups as no cognitive impairment (NCI) (n = 23) or vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) (n = 32). Detailed neuropsychological assessment and multimodal MRI were completed.Results: The two groups differed significantly on Z scores of all cognitive domains (all p < 0.01) except for the language. There were more patients with hypertension (p = 0.038) or depression (p = 0.019) in the VaMCI than those in the NCI group. Multiple regression analysis of cognition showed periventricular mean diffusivity (MD) (β = -0.457, p < 0.01) and deep CMBs numbers (β = -0.352, p < 0.01) as the predictors of attention/executive function, which explained 45.2% of the total variance. Periventricular MD was the independent predictor for either memory (β = -0.314, p < 0.05) or visuo-spatial function (β = -0.375, p < 0.01); however, only small proportion of variance could be accounted for (9.8% and 12.4%, respectively). Language was not found to be correlated with any of the MRI parameters. No correlation was found between brain atrophic indices and any of the cognitive measures.Conclusion: Arteriosclerotic CMBs and periventricular white matter disintegrity seem to be independent MRI surrogated markers in the early stage of cognitive impairment in SVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Anion-exchange resins (AERs) were regenerated with Mg/Al double-metal hydroxides as the regenerant. Electrical conductivity breakthrough curves were adopted to estimate the relatively rapid regenerative effect of the AERs. The results show that the optimal regenerative effect of AER was obtained when the Mg/Al molar ratio was 3 and the dosages of Mg and Al hydroxides were 0.045 and 0.015 mol, respectively. The highest effluent water yield was obtained at an AER/cation-exchange resin volume ratio of 2:1. Characterization through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis showed that the regenerant was transformed and exhibited the distinguishing features of Mg/Al layered double hydrotalcites. Cycle experimentation showed that all calcined products effectively regenerated the fouled resins, and the regenerative mechanism was then established. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42928. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the development of China's automotive industry. The evidence shows that integration in global production networks has stimulated upgrading of technological capabilities among automotive firms. However, the competitiveness and intra-industry analyses show mixed results. Although intra-industry trade in automotive products has improved since 2000, the trade competitiveness of completely built-up vehicles has largely remained in low value-added activities. Nevertheless, firm-level evidence shows that the industry has undergone considerable upgrading, albeit in low value-added activities. Trade integration and host-country institutional support have been the prime driving forces of technological upgrading in the automotive industry in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: To assess the validity of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the detection of vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD). Methods: Among 102 SIVD patients, both cutoff scores of the MMSE and MoCA for differentiating VaMCI from no cognitive impairment (NCI) or differentiating VaMCI from vascular dementia (VaD) were determined by the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis. Optimal sensitivity with specificity of cutoff scores was obtained after the raw scores were adjusted for education. Results: After adjusting for education, the MoCA cutoff score for differentiating VaMCI from NCI was at 24/25 and that for differentiating VaMCI from VaD was at 18/19. After applying the adjusted MoCA scores from 19 to 24 to identify VaMCI in all SIVD patients, sensitivity was at 76.7% and specificity was at 81.4% (κ = 0.579). The adjusted cutoff score of the MMSE for differentiating VaMCI from NCI was at 28/29 and that for differentiating VaMCI from VaD was at 25/26. The sensitivity and specificity of the adjusted MMSE was at 58.1 and 71.2%, respectively, when using the score from 26 to 28 to identify VaMCI in SIVD patients (κ = 0.294). Conclusions: The MoCA detected subcortical VaMCI better than the MMSE. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commercial computational fluid dynamics code ANSYS CFX 12.1 has been employed to carry out unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computations to investigate the fluid mechanics of two different rim-seal geometries in a three-dimensional model of a turbine stage. The mainstream annulus, seal and wheel-space geometries are based on an experimental test rig used at the University of Bath. The calculated peak-to-trough pressure difference in the annulus, which is the main driving mechanism for ingestion, is in good agreement with experimental measurements. There is also a good agreement between the computed and measured swirl ratios in the wheel-space. Computed values of concentration-based sealing effectiveness are obtained over a range of sealing flow rates for both an axial clearance and a radial clearance rim seal. A good agreement with gas concentration measurements is found for the axial clearance seal over a certain range of sealing flow rates. Some under-prediction of the amount of ingestion for the radial clearance seal is obtained. The computed mainstream pressure coefficient increases progressively with mainstream Mach number in moving from quasi-incompressible experimental rig conditions to the compressible flow conditions encountered in engines. It is shown that the minimum sealing flow rate required to prevent ingestion increases as mainstream Mach number increases. A scaling method is proposed to allow sealing flow rates to prevent ingestion obtained from low Mach number experiments to be extrapolated to engine-representative conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: To investigate whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is more sensitive than conventional MRI at detecting cognitive deterioration in patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD). Methods: Forty-two SIVD patients had a diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), vascular cognitive impairment/no dementia or vascular dementia (VaD). Whole-brain DTI histography and routine MRI were performed on these participants. Results: There were significant differences between cognitively impaired patients and NCI subjects in mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy in either whole-brain white matter (WBWM) or in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). All DTI indices within either WBWM or NAWM were found to be significantly correlated with both the attention-executive and memory measures in SIVD subjects. Lacune numbers and T2-weighted lesions correlated only with attention-executive measures, whereas hippocampal volumes correlated only weakly with memory measures. Whole-brain gray matter volumes correlated with Z scores for all cognitive domains but language. After VaD patients had been excluded from the analysis, cognitive measures remained significantly correlated with some of the DTI indices, but not with conventional MRI findings. Conclusions: Compared with conventional MRI, whole-brain DTI is a more reliable and sensitive technique for the early detection of cognitive impairment in SIVD patients. Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the characteristics of carbon ion beam irradiation-induced mutation is essential to its potential application in plant breeding. A carbon ion beam-mutagenized soybean population was generated from the newly released soybean variety Dongsheng 28, with irradiation dosages of 100 Gy, 120 Gy and 140 Gy. Many phenotypic variations and novel mutants with heritable tendencies including plant height mutants, sterile mutants, early mature mutants, rolled leaves and short petioles mutants, yield-related mutants and lodging-resistant mutants were identified. Diverse variations in seed size, seed protein and oil concentration were found. Increasing irradiation dosage from 100 Gy to 140 Gy increased leaf chlorophyll concentration in M1 generation, but this effect was significantly reduced in M2 generation. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration all showed wider variation in M1 and M2 generation, the only exception being that the MDA concentration was similar to the control in the M2 generation. Overall, we suggest that treating soybean seeds with carbon ion beam irradiation at a dosage of 120 Gy (80 Mev/u) could be effective in soybean mutation breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation affected soybean yield. [•] Pod number was the most responsible yield component. [•] Seed size reduction was due to cotyledon cell number. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: No clear consensus has been reached at the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and Alzheimer''s disease (AD) risk. Thus in this meta-analysis, a total of 19 case–control studies was assessed to evaluate the possible association. The data demonstrated that the frequency of T677 allele (T vs. C) was significantly associated with susceptibility to AD in all subjects (OR=1.15, 95% CI=1.06–1.26) and in East Asians (OR=1.22, 95% CI=1.08–1.39). There was statistical difference between AD patients and the controls under recessive genetic mode (CT+TT vs. CC) and homozygote comparison (TT vs. CC) in all subjects and in East Asians as well. Despite a small effect of the polymorphism on late-onset AD (LOAD) risk, MTHFR C677T polymorphism was not a major risk factor for LOAD in East Asians and Caucasians. A subgroup analysis in the subjects without APOE ɛ4 alleles showed T677 allele significantly increased risk of AD in all subjects (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.04–1.42) and in East Asians (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.06–1.55). However, no association was found in Caucasians. In conclusion, this meta-analysis supports that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is capable of causing AD susceptibility in East Asians, not in Caucasians. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Heat capacities of benzyl disulfide have been measured with a high-precision automatic adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 80 to 377K. The melting point, molar enthalpy and entropy of fusion were determined to be 341.72±0.07K, 44965±10Jmol−1 and 130.78±0.11JK−1 mol−1, respectively. The thermal stability and the kinetics of thermal decomposition of the compound were investigated in air by means of thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). TG/DTA curves showed that the decomposition proceeded through one step. The activation energy and the reaction order for one-step decomposition was calculated to be 110.7±12.3kJmol−1 and 1.2±0.2 through Kissinger method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A primary factor regulating the composition of the microbial community in the rhizosphere is carbon (C) efflux from root systems, which fundamentally influences microbial functions in the rhizosphere, such as biodegradation, plant growth, and rhizosphere signalling. However, information regarding the incorporation of plant-C by the bacterial community in the rhizosphere is limited, particularly in soybean. Soybean plants were grown in rhizo-boxes containing low- or high-organic C (C org ) Mollisols and labelled with 13 CO 2 at the flowering stage. After soil DNA was extracted from the rhizosphere, 13 C-DNA was separated from 12 C-DNA using the stable isotope probing method, followed by pyrosequencing analysis. Between soils, significant differences in the abundance of genera incorporating 13 C in the rhizosphere were observed, with Aquincola , Dechloromonas , Massilia , Amycolatopsis , Delftia , Magnetospirillum , Psychrobacter , Ochrobactrum , Pseudoxanthomonas and Niastella showing greater relative abundances in low-C org soil ( p < 0.05) compared to high-C org soil. However, the opposite trend was observed for Enhydrobacter , Flavisolibacter , Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus. Correspondingly, the number of operational taxonomic units in each genus varied between soils. Soil type greatly affected the flow of plant-C into rhizospheric bacterial community. The plant-C metabolizing bacteria may contribute to the transformation of rhizodeposits in the soil and soil C sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the efficient productions of single- and few-layered graphene and molybdenum disulphide (MoS 2 ) nanosheets using a surfactant-free, water-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) of graphite and MoS 2 bulk powders in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP). Extensive absorption spectroscopic study and materials characterizations indicate that the addition of water to NMP was not only effective on the exfoliation yields but also the stability of the colloidal dispersions of exfoliated nanosheets in the water-NMP mixed solvent upto 18 months. Detailed micro Raman spectroscopic analysis suggests the defects of the exfoliated graphene nanosheets were reduced using the developed water-assisted LPE in NMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Low-temperature heat capacity C p,m of 2-amino-5-nitropyridine (C5H5N3O2; CAS 4214-76-0) was measured in the temperature range from 80 to 396K with a high precision automated adiabatic calorimeter. No phase transition or thermal anomaly was observed in this range. The thermodynamic functions [H T − H 298.15] and [S T − S 298.15] were calculated in the range from 80 to 395K based on the heat capacity data. The standard molar energy and standard molar enthalpy of combustion have been determined, Δc U (C5H5N3O2, s)=−(2676.26±0.24)kJmol−1 and (C5H5N3O2, s)=−(2673.16±0.24)kJmol−1, by means of a precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter at T =298.15±0.001K. The standard molar enthalpy of formation has been derived, (C5H5N3O2, s)=−(8.97±0.99)kJmol−1, from the standard molar enthalpy of combustion in combination with other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities through a Hess thermochemical cycle. The thermodynamic properties were further investigated through differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and the thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The low-temperature heat capacity of xylitol was precisely measured in the temperature range from 80 to 390K by means of a small sample automated adiabatic calorimeter. A solid–liquid phase transition was found from the experimental C p –T curve in the temperature range 360–375K with the peak heat capacity at 369.04K. The dependence of heat capacity on the temperature was fitted to the following polynomial equations with least square method. In the temperature range of 80–360K, . In the temperature range of 370–390K, . The molar enthalpy and entropy of this transition were determined to be 33.26±0.17kJmol−1 and 90.12±0.45JK−1 mol−1, respectively. The standard thermodynamic functions and , were derived from the heat capacity data in the temperature range of 80 to 390K with an interval of 5K. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion and the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound have been determined, (C5H12O5, cr)=(−2463.2±1.2)kJmol−1and (C5H12O5, cr)=(−1219.3±0.3)kJmol−1, by means of a precision oxygen bomb combustion calorimeter at T =298.15K. DSC and TG measurements were performed to study the thermal stability of the compound. The results were in agreement with those obtained from heat capacity measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The thermodynamic properties of 2-pyridinealdoxime were investigated through the thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Low-temperature heat capacity C p,m of 2-pyridinealdoxime (C6H6N2O; CAS 873-69-8) was measured in the temperature range from (80 to 373)K with a high precision automated adiabatic calorimeter. No phase transition or thermal anomaly was observed in this range. The thermodynamic functions [H T − H 298.15] and [S T − S 298.15] were calculated in the range from (80 to 375)K. The constant-volume energy and standard molar enthalpy of combustion have been determined, (C6H6N2O, cr)=−(3297.11±1.53) kJ·mol−1 (based on Δn being zero in reaction of the combustion), by means of a precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter at T =(298.15±0.001)K. The standard molar enthalpy of formation has been derived, (C6H6N2O, cr)=(78.56±2.43) kJ·mol−1, from the standard molar enthalpy of combustion in combination with other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities through a Hess thermochemical cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Estrogen promotes and modulates vascular endothelial function, which may be protective against development of atherosclerosis. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, has been reported to be associated with the impairment of vascular endothelial function. Recent studies suggested estrogen replacement therapy lowers plasma concentrations of ADMA in healthy postmenopausal women. However, the relation between endogenous estrogen and ADMA and their effect on endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. Methods: Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-induced dilatation (NID) of the brachial arteries were detected by using high-resolution ultrasound in 33 women with CHD and 17 healthy controls. Plasma estradiol, ADMA, and lipid concentrations were also measured in all subjects. Results: In comparison with control group, FMD and NID were significantly decreased in the CHD group (1.73±1.26% vs. 5.37±3.20%, p<0.001 and 12.38±6.70% vs. 20.79±7.57%, p<0.01, respectively). Plasma estradiol concentrations in the CHD group were lower than in controls (27.80±12.28 vs. 43.83±14.30 pg/ml, p<0.01), whereas ADMA concentrations in the CHD group were higher than in controls (3.39±1.07 vs. 1.31±0.69 μmol/l, p<0.001). Pearson correlation analysis determined that plasma estradiol concentrations were associated with FMD, NID, age, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and ADMA (r=0.610, p<0.01; r=0.392, p<0.01; r=−0.589, p<0.01; r=−0.364, p<0.01; r=−0.350, p<0.05; r=−0.553, p<0.01; respectively). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that plasma estradiol concentrations was independently positively correlated with FMD (p<0.005) and negatively correlated with ADMA (p<0.05). Conclusions: Both FMD and NID are impaired in women with CHD. The decrease of endogenous estrogen concentrations and the increase of ADMA concentrations may involve the endothelial dysfunction in women with CHD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Introduction: Laparoscopic renal cyst decortication is currently the best choice for the treatment of simple renal cysts and is widely used in clinical practice., Aim: To investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of two-trocar mini-laparoscopic decortication of adult renal cysts., Material and Methods: A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into two groups: a two-trocar mini-laparoscopic treatment group (M group) and a three-trocar standard laparoscopic treatment group (S group), with 45 patients in each group., Results: The average length of hospital stay was shorter, and the demand for postoperative analgesics was less in the M group than in the S group (p < 0.05). The proportion of "very satisfied" patients in the patient physical recovery satisfaction survey was significantly higher in the M group than in the S group (p < 0.05). Of the 45 patients in the M group, 40 successfully underwent surgery. In 3 patients, the two-trocar procedure was converted to a three-trocar procedure due to difficulty in separating perirenal adhesion for visualization. Mini-laparoscopic surgery was converted to classic laparoscopic surgery in 2 patients. In the S group, 44 patients successfully underwent the renal cyst decortication procedure. One patient underwent partial renal resection due to an intraoperative diagnosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma. Postoperative urine leakage was reported in 3 patients in the M group and two in the S group., Conclusions: Two-trocar mini-laparoscopic treatment of renal cysts is as safe and effective as traditional laparoscopy but is associated with less cosmetic damage, leading to a better physical appearance., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Fundacja Videochirurgii.)

Combining the abundance and inexpensiveness of their constituent elements with their atomic dispersion, atomically dispersed Fe-N-C catalysts represent the most promising alternative to precious-metal-based materials in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Due to the high temperatures involved in their synthesis and the sensitivity of Fe ions toward carbothermal reduction, current synthetic methods are intrinsically limited in type and amount of the desired, catalytically active Fe-N 4 sites, and high active site densities have been out of reach (dilemma of Fe-N-C catalysts). We herein identify a paradigm change in the synthesis of Fe-N-C catalysts arising from the developments of other M-N-C single-atom catalysts. Supported by DFT calculations we propose fundamental principles for the synthesis of M-N-C materials. We further exploit the proposed principles in a novel synthetic strategy to surpass the dilemma of Fe-N-C catalysts. The selective formation of tetrapyrrolic Zn-N 4 sites in a tailor-made Zn-N-C material is utilized as an active-site imprint for the preparation of a corresponding Fe-N-C catalyst. By successive low- and high-temperature ion exchange reactions, we obtain a phase-pure Fe-N-C catalyst, with a high loading of atomically dispersed Fe (>3 wt %). Moreover, the catalyst is entirely composed of tetrapyrrolic Fe-N 4 sites. The density of tetrapyrrolic Fe-N 4 sites is more than six times as high as for previously reported tetrapyrrolic single-site Fe-N-C fuel cell catalysts.