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Background We aim to evaluate the association between meal intervals and weight trajectory among adults from a clinical cohort. Methods and Results This is a multisite prospective cohort study of adults recruited from 3 health systems. Over the 6‐month study period, 547 participants downloaded and used a mobile application to record the timing of meals and sleep for at least 1 day. We obtained information on weight and comorbidities at each outpatient visit from electronic health records for up to 10 years before until 10 months after baseline. We used mixed linear regression to model weight trajectories. Mean age was 51.1 (SD 15.0) years, and body mass index was 30.8 (SD 7.8) kg/m2; 77.9% were women, and 77.5% reported White race. Mean interval from first to last meal was 11.5 (2.3) hours and was not associated with weight change. The number of meals per day was positively associated with weight change. The average difference in annual weight change (95% CI) associated with an increase of 1 daily meal was 0.28 kg (0.02–0.53). Conclusions Number of daily meals was positively associated with weight change over 6 years. Our findings did not support the use of time‐restricted eating as a strategy for long‐term weight loss in a general medical population.

Abstract Background Pregnancy provides an opportunity to promote healthy lifestyle behaviors. This study’s aim was to explore the perspectives of pregnant and postpartum women and obstetric providers around behavioral lifestyle changes in pregnancy and postpartum. Methods We conducted a qualitative study with pregnant and postpartum patients recruited from 2 prenatal care clinics at an urban, academic hospital in the United States. In-depth interviews with 23 pregnant or postpartum women and 11 obstetric providers were completed between October 2015–April 2016. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. We coded transcripts for thematic content and applied the PRECEDE-PROCEED framework for results to directly inform program development. Results Six themes highlighted the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors that enable and sustain health behavior changes in pregnancy and postpartum: 1) “Motivation to have a healthy baby” during pregnancy and to “have my body back” after delivery, 2) Pre-pregnancy knowledge and experiences about pregnancy and the postpartum period, 3) Prioritizing wellness during pregnancy and postpartum, 4) The power of social support, 5) Accountability, 6) Integration with technology to reinforce behavior change. Conclusions In this qualitative study, pregnant and postpartum women and obstetric providers described themes that are aimed at encouraging lifestyle changes to promote healthy weight gain in pregnancy and can directly inform the development of a behavioral weight management intervention for pregnant and postpartum women that is patient-centered and tailored to their needs.

BackgroundCollecting data on daily habits across a population of individuals is challenging. Mobile-based circadian ecological momentary assessment (cEMA) is a powerful frame for observing the impact of daily living on long-term health. ObjectiveIn this paper, we (1) describe the design, testing, and rationale for specifications of a mobile-based cEMA app to collect timing of eating and sleeping data and (2) compare cEMA and survey data collected as part of a 6-month observational cohort study. The ultimate goal of this paper is to summarize our experience and lessons learned with the Daily24 mobile app and to highlight the pros and cons of this data collection modality. MethodsDesign specifications for the Daily24 app were drafted by the study team based on the research questions and target audience for the cohort study. The associated backend was optimized to provide real-time data to the study team for participant monitoring and engagement. An external 8-member advisory board was consulted throughout the development process, and additional test users recruited as part of a qualitative study provided feedback through in-depth interviews. ResultsAfter ≥4 days of at-home use, 37 qualitative study participants provided feedback on the app. The app generally received positive feedback from test users for being fast and easy to use. Test users identified several bugs and areas where modifications were necessary to in-app text and instructions and also provided feedback on the engagement strategy. Data collected through the mobile app captured more variability in eating windows than data collected through a one-time survey, though at a significant cost. ConclusionsResearchers should consider the potential uses of a mobile app beyond the initial data collection when deciding whether the time and monetary expenditure are advisable for their situation and goals.

Describes investigative choices made and strategies used by students to solve problems in classrooms that provided access to a computer algebra system (CAS). Reports that technology-neutral mathematics questions were attempted by approximately equal numbers of students using CAS and traditional paper and pencil. Reveals that students who used the latter approach were more successful than were their CAS counterparts. (Author/ASK)

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo explorar el discurso de los estudiantes de 6 a 8 años de edad cuando reflexionan sobre las dinámicas de educación empleadas por sus progenitores. Para ello, partimos de la teoría de la autodeterminación y reflexionamos sobre las prácticas de apoyo a la autonomía y de control parental presentes en el discurso de los menores. En este sentido, comprobamos que el discurso de los estudiantes gira, principalmente, en torno a prácticas parentales de apoyo a la autonomía como la posibilidad de elección de actividades de ocio, la comunicación de problemas y preocupaciones a los progenitores y el desempeño autónomo de algunas tareas por parte de los menores. Sin embargo, también hay evidencias de que las prácticas de apoyo a la autonomía convergen con otras relacionadas con el control parental en determinadas situaciones.

The construct “parental psychological control” has been used to refer to those parental behaviors that interfere with the children’s thoughts and feelings. Examples of this type of behaviors would be inducing guilt or shame as well as the with-drawal of affection. The objective of this study was to validate and adapt the Spanish version of the Psychological Control Scale-Youth Self-Report (PCS-YSR) and the Psychological Control-Disrespect Scale (PCDS) and to analyze if the parental psychological control is defined as one dimension or two dimensions through manipulative and disrespectful behaviors towards adolescents. Also, the unique contribution of parental psychological control in predicting adolescent’s self-concept was examined. In two samples of undergraduate university students (the first, N = 367, mean age = 19.8, women=62.7%, men=37.3%, and the second, N= 312, mean age=19.7, women=73.9%, men=26.1%), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the hypothesized factor structure of the PCS-YSR and the PCDS, for both paternal and maternal ratings. Convergent validity was confirmed by consistent associations between both measures of parental psychological control and other measures of parental autonomy support and parental psychological control. The multi-group analysis confirmed that parental psychological control had a negative influence on self-concept. The results indicated that both scales are useful instruments for assessing parental psychological control.

Background—Distal coronary to aortic pressure ratio (Pd/Pa) and instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) are indices of functional significance of a coronary stenosis measured without hyperemia. It has been suggested that iFR has superior diagnostic accuracy to Pd/Pa when compared with fractional flow reserve (FFR).We hypothesized that in comparison with FFR, revascularization decisions based on either binary cutoff values for iFR and Pd/Pa or hybrid strategies incorporating iFR or Pd/Pa will result in similar levels of disagreement. Methods and Results—This is a prospective study in consecutive patients undergoing FFR for clinical indications using proprietary software to calculate iFR. We measured Pd/Pa, iFR, FFR, and hyperemic iFR. Diagnostic accuracy versus FFR ≤0.80 was calculated using binary cutoff values of ≤0.90 for iFR and ≤0.92 for Pd/Pa, and adenosine zones for iFR of 0.86 to 0.93 and Pd/Pa of 0.87 to 0.94 in the hybrid strategy. One hundred ninety-seven patients with 257 stenoses (mean diameter stenosis 48%) were studied. Using binary cutoffs, diagnostic accuracy was similar for iFR and resting Pd/Pa with misclassification rates of 21% versus 20.2% (P=0.85). In the hybrid analysis, 54% of iFR cases and 53% of Pd/Pa cases were outside the adenosine zone and rates of misclassification were 9.4% versus 11.9% (P=0.55). Conclusions—Binary cutoff values for iFR and Pd/Pa result in misclassification of 1 in 5 lesions. Using a hybrid strategy, approximately half of the patients do not receive adenosine, but 1 in 10 lesions are still misclassified. The use of nonhyperemic indices of stenosis severity cannot be recommended for decision making in the catheterization laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions the validity of the assumption that innovative technology per se has the advantage in assisting all students, when applied to a group of low-achieving students. Role of procedural and conceptual knowledge in the learning of mathematics; Details of the use of the graphics calculator by students in their assessment tasks; Indicators of performance by computational users.

El artículo analiza la forma en que los niños y niñas construyen su identidad de género dentro de los centros escolares y, concretamente, durante la etapa de educación infantil. Para ello, se han llevado a cabo veintisiete observaciones participantes durante el juego libre dentro de un centro escolar. Una vez terminado el periodo de observación, se organizaron tres grupos de discusión con infantes de diferentes edades para narrarles el cuento de "La princesa vestida con una bolsa de papel", relato en el que los protagonistas toman papeles opuestos a los de los cuentos tradicionales. Los resultados de la investigación constatan que el sesgo de género se acentúa conforme aumenta la edad del alumnado al desarrollar, algunos niños y niñas, una serie de estrategias que les permiten mantenerse dentro del patrón de género dominante.Por el contrario, los niños y niñas capaces de transgredir la categoría género, en la mayor parte de las ocasiones, tienden a encubrir sus verdaderos gustos y preferencias para lograr ser aceptados por sus compañeros y compañeras. De esta forma, se establece un sistema jerárquico dentro de la escuela que otorga un status elevado a aquellos estudiantes que se adecúan al canon preestablecido, a la vez que se sancionan y reprimen los comportamientos del quienes se sienten más identificados con las conductas socialmente apropiadas al género opuesto.