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Introduction: Corona Mortis (CMOR) is a term used to describe an anatomical vascular variant of retropubic anastomosis located posterior to superior pubic ramus. We aim to provide sufficient data on the incidence, morphology and mean location of ‘crown of death’ in Asian population. Other objectives include to assess the relationship between CMOR incidence with gender, race and age. Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional cadaveric study involving 164 randomly selected fresh multiracial Asian hemipelves (82 cadavers). Hemipelves were dissected to expose and evaluate the vascular elements posterior to superior pubic rami. Data were analysed using Chi-Square, t-test and with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics v26 software. Results: CMOR was found in 117 hemipelves (71.3%). No new morphological subtype was found. The mean distance of CMOR to symphysis pubis was 54.72mm (SD 9.35). Based on the results, it is evident that precaution needed to be taken at least within 55mm from symphysis pubis during any surgical intervention. The lack of statistically significant correlation between CMOR occurrence and gender, race and age suggest that the incidence of CMOR could be sporadic in manner. Conclusion: We conclude that CMOR is not just aberrant vessel as the incidence is high and this finding is comparable to other studies. The mean location of CMOR obtained in this study will guide surgeons from various disciplines in Asia to manage traumatic vascular injury and to perform a safe surgical procedure involving the pelvis area.

Background: A 90-day experiment was conducted to study the impact of salinity on growth and physiological response of Pangasionodon hypophthalmus fingerling at the Brackish water fish farm of Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Kakinada Centre, Kakinada, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Method: The study used different salinities condition such as 0 (control), 5 (T1), 10 (T2) and 15 (T3) ppt. Fingerlings (8.47±0.46 g) were gradually acclimatized to different salinities in 1000 l fibre reinforced plastic (FRP) tanks, in triplicates and fed with a commercial feed (crude protein 30%). Result: Growth indicators such as specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency ratio (FRR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) revealed that growth and survival were negatively affected above 10 ppt salinity. Significantly higher amylase and protease activities were observed up to 10 ppt group. In contrast, significantly higher cortisol (97.71±1.94 ng/ml) and glucose (113.32±2.66 mg/dl) levels in the blood were recorded in 15 ppt group. Overall, the study proved that P. hypophthalmus can be cultured in low saline water (up to 10 ppt) without affecting its growth and physiological homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A 60-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of salinity and Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio on the growth performance and survival of Penaeus vannamei reared in inland saline ground water (ISGW) at ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Rohtak Centre, Haryana, India. Methods: The study used three different salinities viz. T1 (5 ppt), T2 (10 ppt) and T3 (15 ppt) with four different level of Ca2+: Mg2+ rations such as 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4. juveniles of P. vannamei with average body weight of 3.70±0.02 g, were stocked in 100 L capacity of circular plastic tanks. Total 36 experimental tanks were used as experimental unit. The stocking densities were 20 animals in each tank and each treatment were kept in triplicate followed the factorial design (3×4). Result: P. vannamei expressed better growth performance in terms of SGR, FCR, FER and PER in the T2 and T3 fortified Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio of 1:3. Lowest growth observed in T1 fortified with Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio 1:1. The study found 100% survival in T2 and T3 fortified with Ca2+: Mg2+ ratio of 1:3 compared with other treatment groups, which showed <80% survival. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the better growth performance, survival of P. vannamei observed in 10 and 15 ppt salinities of ISGW fortified with 1:3 ratio of Ca2+: Mg2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study explored the possibility of using live feed, as vector for supplementing the androgenic hormone in aquaculture seed production. Methods: The study consisted of five treatment doses of 17α-methyl testosterone namely; control (without hormone), T1 (20 mg L-1), T2 (40 mg L-1), T3 (60 mg L-1) and T4 (80 mg L-1) and each were triplicated. The doses were tested in the live feed of Artemia nauplii and rotifer by following completely randomized design. The Artemia nauplii (Artemia salina), collected by hatching the Artemiacyst and 5-8 days old rotifers, collected from mass culture unit of rotifer, were released in their respective treatment doses at 100 and 800 individuals/ml, respectively. Result: The study found significant difference in accumulation of hormone in the tissues of live feed at different time intervals. In Artemia, significantly higher amount of 17α-MT (15.33±0.09 mg L-1) was observed in 80 mg L-1 group at 24 h. In rotifer, significantly higher value of 17α-MT (17.42±0.06 mg L-1) was recorded in 60 mg L-1 group at 6 h. The level of 17α-MT in Artemia nauplii and rotifer started showing a decreasing trend in 24 h and 6 h, respectively. Overall the findings of the present study support that supplementation of hormone through live feed is possible as live feed accumulated 17α-MT in its tissue after enrichment which can be further explored for producing all-male population in a more sustainable way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The recorded prevalence of autistic spectrum disorders has risen over recent decades. Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been blamed, by causing a 'new variant' form of 'regressive [...]

Objective: Post-processing imaging techniques allow high-resolution computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone to be superimposed and viewed simultaneously (fusion imaging). This study aimed to highlight the practical utility of fusion imaging for disease localisation and evaluation in a UK case series of primary and post-operative cholesteatoma. Method: Fusion of computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance b1000 images was performed using specific software. Axial computed tomography images and coronal b1000 images were selected for fusion. Results: A case series of primary and post-operative cholesteatoma in which computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fusion assisted the management of both the patient pathway and surgical approach is reviewed. Conclusion: Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fusion can assist in pre-operative surgical planning and patient counselling through assessment of disease in both primary and revision scenarios. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging fusion can assist the operative surgeon through accurate localisation that can influence both the operative technique and optimise operation theatre utilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective:To determine the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of patients with suspected, but not clinically evident, cholesteatoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies (using a half-Fourier single-shot turbo-spin echo sequence) was conducted. Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed to determine indications for imaging and operative findings. Seventy-eight investigations in 74 patients with suspected cholesteatoma aged 5.7–79.2 years (mean, 41.7 years) were identified. Operative confirmation was available in 44 ears. Diagnostic accuracy of the imaging technique was calculated using operative findings as a ‘gold standard’. Sensitivity of the investigation was examined via comparison with clinically evident cholesteatoma.Results:The accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of suspected cholesteatoma was 63.6 per cent. The imaging technique was significantly less accurate in assessment of suspected cholesteatoma than clinically evident disease (p < 0.001).Conclusion:Computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging may be complementary in assessment of suspected cholesteatoma, but should be used with caution, and clinical judgement is paramount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a typical coal washery, middlings are generated as a byproduct of a dense media cyclone having a size range of -13+0.5 mm and an ash content of 40–45%. Nearly 40% of the feed material is discharged as middlings. Middlings have good carbon values but embedded minerals in it and, hence, it is difficult to wash using conventional physical-cleaning techniques. Here in this article, the optimization of process variables from the lab scale to the pilot scale with a chemical-leaching technique is reported. Almost a 68% ash reduction could be achieved while maintaining the optimum process conditions. Higher reaction temperature, increased alkali concentration, and lesser reaction time favor the leaching process. Moreover, the alumina-to-silica ratio reduced from 0.53 to 0.25 and the phosphorus content significantly reduced by 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Methods for enriching organic macerals in coal are of great importance, but, due to the yield constraint, physical-beneficiation methods are less effective. Chemical beneficiation using alkali followed by acid has been studied at the pilot stage with a batch of 500 kg of feed coal for three different coal fractions of the physical-beneficiation process using dense media cyclone and froth flotation. The mechanism of silica and alumina reactions during the alkali-leaching process has been derived and found that 150°C is the critical point for precipitation of the unwanted sodalite compound. The composition of sodalite is calculated based on the experimental results. Due to the formation of sodalite, the acid-leaching step is critical for the removal of sodalite and, hence, regeneration of acid is of great importance. A process has been developed for acid regeneration in which the first major impurity, silica, is removed by a polycondensation process and the second major impurity, alumina, is removed by a reaction with sulfuric acid. Optimum operating conditions for the regeneration process have been identified where more than 99% of the silica and 80% of the alumina can be removed from the spent acid. Almost 60% of the spent acid can be regenerated for further use and is recycled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Pyriform fossa sinus tracts classically present with neck abscess, recurrent infections and suppurative thyroiditis in children; acute presentation in a geriatric patient is rare.Methods:Case report and Medline literature review.Case report:A 79-year-old female presented with a left-sided neck mass and severe odynophagia of 3 days’ duration. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a large-volume, loculated fluid collection extending throughout the deep spaces of the neck on the left, within and around the thyroid gland capsule. There was radiological evidence of internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis. Abscess incision and drainage, and endoscopic evaluation, were performed. A deeply penetrating sinus was seen in the left pyriform apex, the entrance of which was circumferentially cauterised and the lumen obliterated with fibrin glue. Following post-operative intravenous antibiotics, the patient made a complete recovery.Conclusion:This paper describes the first use of fibrin glue to obliterate a pyriform fossa sinus tract in an adult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the variants and simplest form of incremental sheet metal forming process is single-point incremental forming in which a spherical ended tool is used to form features on one side of the initial plane of the sheet. Dimensional deviation is observed in the region of component opening (due to sheet bending) and at the wall as well as base regions. This article presents a methodology to minimize the dimensional deviation in the wall and base regions of single-point incremental forming formed components. The authors observed that the sheet deflection due to axial force and tool deflection due to radial force are the two main factors leading to the geometric deviation in wall as well as base regions. An analytical model has been developed for estimating these two deflections. These deflection values are incorporated in the tool path generation, and the components formed using the compensated tool path resulted in acceptable dimensional accuracy in the wall region. Force predictions carried out by force equilibrium method are used to calculate the deflection compensations as its predictions are in reasonably good agreement with the force predictions of finite element analysis and experimental measurements. Significant improvement in accuracy is achieved by using the deflection compensated tool paths. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background:Cross-sectional imaging can be used to trace the course of the vagus nerve and its laryngeal branches to detect many of the causes of vocal fold paralysis. The most frequent aetiologies are surgical injury and tumoural involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve anywhere along its course.Method:This review article focuses on the uncommon and rare causes of vocal fold paralysis that have been detected or diagnosed on cross-sectional imaging.Results and conclusion:Uncommon causes included a tortuous oesophagus, tracheal diverticulum, cervical osteophytes and cardiovocal syndrome. These examples are presented with clinical case histories and radiological appearances, and are discussed in the context of the current literature. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]